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1、2020考前沖刺英語Ⅰ專題13 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣
1. — No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
— Oh, you are really his big fan. (2020·湖南卷28)
A. can B. need C. must D. might
【解析】選A。can強調能力,是“能,會”的意思。句意:在打籃球方面沒有人能與姚明情態(tài)動詞
考點1. could與was/were able to的區(qū)別
Although the fire
2、in the hotel was very big, they ______ escape from it.
A. can B. could C. was able to D. were able to
【解析】選D。A的時態(tài)不對, C選項主謂不一致。could和was / were able to雖都表過去的能力,但后者還表達“付諸了行動”的意思。
could一般只表過去的能力;若表示過去的能力得到了實施,一般用was / were able to, 不用could。
考點2.表示“可能性”的can, may, must
Liza______
3、well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling.
A. will B. can
C. must D. may
【解析】選D。句意: Liza極有可能不想去旅行——她討厭旅行。may well not很可能不,表示否定猜測。
例2:It ______ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. (2020·江西卷23)
A. mustn't
4、 B. can't
C. won't D. needn't
【解析】選B。 can't 表“不可能”,否定推測。根據(jù)前后句意思只能用can't。needn't“不飯時候到達的,但是他們的航班誤點了。must have done過去一定干過某事,表肯定推測。can have done表過去可能性,“過去本有可能干”。
例2:— I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
— How u
5、nbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. (2020·江蘇卷34)
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
【解析】選B。might have done表過去很有可能已做某事。而must have done 則表示過去一定有人做過某事。如果被別人偷走了,那么就不可能把東西弄回。will have done 是將來完成時;sho
6、uld have done 過去本該做而未做。
must have done表示對過去事情的肯定推測。
can't / couldn't have done表示對過去所發(fā)生的事情所做的否定推測。
may have done表示過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測。
might / could have done表示對過去所發(fā)生的事情作可能性推測,或者表示本來可以做而事實上未做的事情。
should / ought to have done表示本應該做的事情而事實上未做,含有對對方的責備。
needn't have done表示做了本不應該做的事情。
考點4.特殊情況
John prom
7、ised his doctor he______not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A. might B. should
C. could D. would
【解析】選D。考查情態(tài)動詞在語境中的特殊用法。句意:約翰答應醫(yī)生不再吸煙,從那以1. can的幾個習語
“can but +動詞原形”表示“只能,大不了”。
“can't but +動詞原形”表示“不得不”。
“can't help +動詞-in
8、g形式”表示“不得不,禁不住”。
“can't …too…”表示“無論怎樣都不為過,越……越……”。
2. must有時表示 “偏要,偏偏”, 也可作名詞,意為“必須做的事情”。
3. should可作“竟然、萬一”解。
考點5. shall的3種用法
①表說話人的意圖。在陳述句中主語是第二﹑三人稱,表說話者給對方的承諾﹑決心﹑警告、威脅等;
②征求對方的意見或向對方提出請求時,主語為第一、三人稱的疑問句。
③表示強制。用于法令、條約、規(guī)章中,意為“必須,應該”
— Will you read me a story, Mummy?
— OK. You ______ have
9、 one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2020·陜西卷24)
A. might B. must
C. could D. shall
【解析】選D。shall在此表“許可”。
虛擬語氣
考點1.虛擬條件句的三種基本類型
I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2020·陜西卷22)
A. coul
10、dn't have gone B. didn't go
C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone
【解析】選A。句意:沒有你的慷慨幫助,我就不可能熬過那段痛苦時期。此句為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。without your generous help=if I hadn't had your generous help。從句用過去完成時,主句則用情態(tài)動詞+完成時。couldn't have gone through表“過去不可能經(jīng)歷”。
【解析】選A。wish后有3種形式的虛擬語氣句子。此句根據(jù)
11、前一分句where are the children?可知是在問孩子現(xiàn)在在哪里?因此對方才會說我希望他們不要總是遲到。因此選A。
1. wish后的賓語從句和if only后的句子:表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望,從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時;表示與過去相反的愿望,從句謂語用過去完成時;表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,常用“would (could)+動詞原形”。
2. as if / as though引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句:表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反,從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時;表示與過去事實相反,用過去完成時;表示將來的可能性不大,用“would (could)+動詞原形”。
12、
溫馨提示:若從句所說的內容可能為事實,也可用陳述語氣。
3. It's (high / about) time后的定語從句:從句謂語通常用一般過去時或“should+動詞原形(should不可省)”。
4. would rather后的賓語從句:通常用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望,用過去 8. It's+important / necessary / impossible+that主語從句:常用“should+動詞原形(should可省)”。
考點3. 虛擬語氣的特殊情況
1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句
Maybe if I ______ science, and not
13、literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2020·北京卷30)
A. studied B. would study
C. had studied D. was studying
【解析】選C。考查虛擬語氣的特殊用法——錯綜時間虛擬條件句。從句中含有then,可推知此句是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,所以用過去完成時。而主句則用了與現(xiàn)在事實相反的would be。句意:也許如果我那時學習了理科而不是文學的話,那么(現(xiàn)在)我就能給你更多的幫助
14、。
所謂錯綜時間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致,如從句指過去,而主句卻指現(xiàn)在或將來,此時應根據(jù)具體的語境,結合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態(tài)作出相應的調整。
2. 含蓄虛擬條件句
I knew my uncle ______ no time. Otherwise he ______ me company to go hiking.
A. did have; would have kept
B. had; had kept
C. has; would have kept
D. had had; had kept
【解析】選A。本題考查強調和虛擬語氣。第一句說的是事實,故不
15、用虛擬語氣, did 在此處表示強調;第二空表示對過去事實的虛擬,故用would have kept。
例2:We ______ John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2020·江西卷28)
A. will put B. will have put
C. would put D. would have put
【解析】選D。but for“要不是因為”。此句表示“要不是因為John最近受傷了,我們昨天
16、就會把他的名字打入競賽名單里?!笔軅@一動作發(fā)生于過去,因此該句表與過去事實相反。主句用would have done的形式。
假設情況不用if從句來表示,而是用without, but for, otherwise, or, but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現(xiàn)在或將來相反,用“would (should, could, might)+動詞原形”;表示與過去相反用“would (should, could, might)+have+過去分詞”。
3. 虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝______ in your position, I would go.
A. If I B. Were I
C. If was I D. If I am
【解析】選B。該結構可還原為: If I were in your position。
虛擬條件從句中若有were, should, had時,可將其提到句首,并將if省略。