2020版高考英語一輪總復習 題型重組專題練7 閱讀理解-科技類、完形-說明文

題型重組專題練七(閱讀：科技類；完形：說明文).閱讀理解A(2020·青島市統(tǒng)一考試)In a computer age, a broadband Internet connection is very popular now.Whether cable or mobile broadband, today's connections are many times faster than those in the early days.Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too.There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don't, it's slow dial­up access for you. And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all.Technology experts often talk about the “l(fā)ast mile” problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs(郊區(qū)), it's relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities，especially in developing countries. Internet service providers，for their part，have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely (稀疏地) populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn't cover the expense.But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.Most broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren't available everywhere.Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines.Advancements in cheaper and more efficient fiber­optic cables(光纜)promise to bring extremely fast Internet connections to more users.Still, the “l(fā)ast mile” problem remains hard to deal with.There will always be somewhere that doesn't have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cellphone technology has any indication, it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.【答案速查】14CDBA【語篇解讀】如今互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展迅速，這使得越來越多的人能夠用上網(wǎng)絡(luò)。但是在偏遠地區(qū)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入仍然是個問題，文章就如何解決這一問題給出了說明。1Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AInternet connections have been popular everywhere.BInternet service providers are willing to care about rural customers.CThe problem of Internet access hasn't been completely dealt with.DComputers can't become popular in developing countries.【解析】正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet.If you don't, it's slow dial­up access for you.And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all.”可知，離大城市較遠的地區(qū)有可能根本無法使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入問題還沒有完全得到解決，故選C項?！敬鸢浮緾2Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that technological advancements _.Amake TV and telephone available everywhereBbring great change to people's everyday lifeCbring faster Internet connections to usersDmake it possible for more people to use the Internet【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.”可知，科技的進步使得越來越多的人可以使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故選D項?！敬鸢浮緿3What may eventually settle the “l(fā)ast mile” problem?AThe broadband connection's getting faster.BThe rapid progress in cellphone technology.CMore and more Internet connections.DMore and more Internet users.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“If the rapid progress in cell phone technology has any indication，it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.”可知，如果手機科技的飛速進步有任何的跡象，那就不用太久，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入就將跟著你到任何地方，故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽4The best title for this passage may be “_”AInternet Connection ProblemsBInternet Connections Need ImprovingCProgress in Internet ConnectionsDInternet Connections Today【解析】主旨大意題。文章講述了在因特網(wǎng)迅速發(fā)展的今天，也存在問題，即部分偏遠地區(qū)還不能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，最后介紹了如何解決這一問題，故A項“因特網(wǎng)連接問題”最適合作文章標題?！敬鸢浮緼B(2020·西寧三校聯(lián)考)Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain­computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.【答案速查】58DCBC【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科技說明文。為了幫助殘疾人用大腦去操控機器，科學家們正在致力于研發(fā)BCI技術(shù)。5How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?ABy controlling his muscles.BBy talking to the machine.CBy moving his hand.DBy using his mind.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.”可知，在實驗室，Tavella通過大腦里移動他的左右手的想法就能操作這個輪椅。他甚至還能一邊看著輪椅并用他的思想指示輪椅，一邊和別人交談。因此Tavella是利用自己的思想來操作輪椅的。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿6Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?AscalpcomputercapwheelchairBcomputercapscalpwheelchairCscalpcapcomputerwheelchairDcapcomputerscalpwheelchair【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.”可知，研究人員為用戶設(shè)計了一種特殊的帽子，它會接收來自頭皮的信號并將其傳給電腦。電腦會解讀這些信號，并指揮機動輪椅。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾7The team will test with real patients to_.Amake profits from themBprove the technology useful to themCmake them live longerDlearn about their physical condition【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.”可知，在病人身上進行實驗是他們團隊工作的一個目標，以便證明這項技術(shù)對廣大病人有用。故選B?！敬鸢浮緽8Which of the following would be the best title for the text?ASwitzerland, the BCI Research CenterBNew Findings about How the Human Brain WorksCBCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledDRobotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【解析】標題概括題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain­computer interface(BCI)technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”及下文介紹的最近的一項新發(fā)明可知，本文開篇點題，介紹了科學家研究的新技術(shù)BCI對殘疾人大有裨益。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾.完形填空(2020·石家莊一模)Communication is an important part of any relationship.Many of us are _1_ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when it's our turn to lend a(n) _2_，we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to _3_ and offer advice.That's because of what researchers call “l(fā)istener burnout (精疲力竭)”. A friend might talk to us _4_， often complaining about the same _5_ problems. When we offer quick advice to _6_ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to _7_ ourselves from burnout.However, good listeners _8_ their natural tendency to solve the other's problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.To be a good _9_， you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real _10_ to help others and think through their feelings. Don't _11_ things. You can start by putting your phone _12_ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions _13_ what he or she is saying._14_ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person's _15_ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you.” Use _16_ words or even sounds such as “yes” “right”， and “hmm” to _17_ the other person to continue.Of course, a _18_ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.But don't get defensive.Effective listeners don't _19_ negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey _20_responding.【答案速查】15DCABB610ABDCC1115BACAD1620DCADB【語篇解讀】交流在人際關(guān)系中起著重要的作用，許多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的經(jīng)歷或情感，但是如何做一個善聽者呢？文章對這個問題進行了說明。1A.afraidBhesitantCshy Deager【解析】我們許多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的經(jīng)歷或感情。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”?！敬鸢浮緿2A.shoulder BhandCear Deye【解析】lend an ear為固定短語，意思為“傾聽”?！敬鸢浮緾3A.respond BexplainCargue Dquit【解析】根據(jù)“and offer advice”可知，我們對如何做出反應(yīng)(respond)和提供建議沒有了主意?！敬鸢浮緼4A.aimlessly BendlesslyCdeliberately Dcautiously【解析】由下文的“經(jīng)常抱怨同樣老生常談的問題”可知，這里應(yīng)該是無休止地(endlessly)對我們談這些?！敬鸢浮緽5A.difficult BoldCacute Dsensitive【解析】參見上題解析。【答案】B6A.fix BdiscussCcreate Ddescribe【解析】由“offer quick advice”可知，應(yīng)選fix，表示“解決”?！敬鸢浮緼7A.forgive BprotectCdiscourage Dprevent【解析】protect sb./sth.from sth.表示“保護某人/某事免于某事”，符合語境?！敬鸢浮緽8A.follow BdisplayCform Dovercome【解析】然而，好的傾聽者會克服(overcome)他們的自然傾向來迅速解決他人的問題。【答案】D9A.reader BpartnerClistener Dspeaker【解析】由下文的“active listening”可知，做一個好的傾聽者(listener)需要積極地傾聽他人訴說?！敬鸢浮緾10A.demand BhabitCdesire Dability【解析】開始時要有真的要幫助別人的渴望(desire)，并認真考慮他們的感情?！敬鸢浮緾11A.skip BrushCoverlook Dpostpone【解析】rush things表示“倉促做事”，符合語境?！敬鸢浮緽12A.away BoffCout Dup【解析】這里表示把你的手機收起來(putting your phone away)，緊緊地坐在你朋友身邊。【答案】A13A.record BrestrictCreflect Dreplace【解析】由15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，這里表示讓你的面部表情對你朋友所說的話做出反應(yīng)?！敬鸢浮緾14A.Whether BSinceCWhile DIf【解析】作為一個傾聽者不管(whether)你是否能夠完全理解對方，你都要對對方的感情(feelings)做出回應(yīng)?！敬鸢浮緼15A.suggestions BpurposesCresponses Dfeelings【解析】參見上題解析?！敬鸢浮緿16A.big BtoughCstrong Dshort【解析】由下文的yes，right和hmm可知，要用簡短的(short)語言來鼓勵(encourage)他人繼續(xù)說下去。【答案】D17A.force BremindCencourage Dconvince【解析】參見上題解析?！敬鸢浮緾18A.conversation BsuggestionCproblem Dlecture【解析】由語境可知，這里說的是談話(conversation)很難進行下去?！敬鸢浮緼19A.give up Bmake upCleave out Dblock out【解析】善聽者不會抹去負面批評，相反，他們會在做出反應(yīng)之前傾聽并且明白這個人試圖傳達的意思。block out“不去想，抹去”?！敬鸢浮緿20A.after BbeforeCwhile Donce【解析】參見上題解析?！敬鸢浮緽