2020版高考英語一輪總復習 題型重組專題練7 閱讀理解-科技類、完形-說明文

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1、題型重組專題練七 (閱讀：科技類；完形：說明文) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2020·青島市統(tǒng)一考試)In a computer age, a broadband Internet connection is very popular now.Whether cable or mobile broadband, today's connections are many times faster than those in the early days.Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download

2、 much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too. There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don't, it's slow dial-up access for you. And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all. Technolo

3、gy experts often talk about the “l(fā)ast mile” problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs(郊區(qū)), it's relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities，especially

4、in developing countries. Internet service providers，for their part，have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely (稀疏地) populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn't cover the expense. But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.Most

5、 broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren't available everywhere. Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines.Advancements in cheaper and more efficient fiber-optic cables(光纜)promise to bring extremely fast

6、Internet connections to more users.Still, the “l(fā)ast mile” problem remains hard to deal with.There will always be somewhere that doesn't have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cellphone technology has any indication, it may not be to

7、o long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go. 【答案速查】　1－4　CDBA 【語篇解讀】　如今互聯(lián)網發(fā)展迅速，這使得越來越多的人能夠用上網絡。但是在偏遠地區(qū)，互聯(lián)網的接入仍然是個問題，文章就如何解決這一問題給出了說明。 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Internet connections have been popular everywhere. B．Internet service pro

8、viders are willing to care about rural customers. C．The problem of Internet access hasn't been completely dealt with. D．Computers can't become popular in developing countries. 【解析】　正誤判斷題。根據第二段“There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet.If you d

9、on't, it's slow dial-up access for you.And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all.”可知，離大城市較遠的地區(qū)有可能根本無法使用互聯(lián)網，即互聯(lián)網的接入問題還沒有完全得到解決，故選C項。 【答案】　C 2．Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that technological advancements ________. A．make TV and telephone available everywhere B．brin

10、g great change to people's everyday life C．bring faster Internet connections to users D．make it possible for more people to use the Internet 【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段的第一句“But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.”可知，科技的進步使得越來越多的人可以使用互聯(lián)網，故選D項。 【答案】　D 3．What may even

11、tually settle the “l(fā)ast mile” problem? A．The broadband connection's getting faster. B．The rapid progress in cellphone technology. C．More and more Internet connections. D．More and more Internet users. 【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的最后一句“If the rapid progress in cell phone technology has any indication，it may

12、 not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.”可知，如果手機科技的飛速進步有任何的跡象，那就不用太久，互聯(lián)網的接入就將跟著你到任何地方，故選B項。 【答案】　B 4．The best title for this passage may be “________”． A．Internet Connection Problems B．Internet Connections Need Improving C．Progress in Internet Connectio

13、ns D．Internet Connections Today 【解析】　主旨大意題。文章講述了在因特網迅速發(fā)展的今天，也存在問題，即部分偏遠地區(qū)還不能使用互聯(lián)網，最后介紹了如何解決這一問題，故A項“因特網連接問題”最適合作文章標題。 【答案】　A B (2020·西寧三校聯(lián)考)Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with

14、disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by t

15、hinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. “Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditio

16、ns can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.” The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and

17、 sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the comp

18、uter software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals. One

19、 is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 【答案速查】　5－8　DCBC 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科技說明文。為了幫助殘疾人用大腦去操控機器，科學家們正在致力于研發(fā)BCI技術。 5．How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in

20、the laboratory? A．By controlling his muscles. B．By talking to the machine. C．By moving his hand. D．By using his mind. 【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided i

21、t with his thoughts.”可知，在實驗室，Tavella通過大腦里移動他的左右手的想法就能操作這個輪椅。他甚至還能一邊看著輪椅并用他的思想指示輪椅，一邊和別人交談。因此Tavella是利用自己的思想來操作輪椅的。故選D。 【答案】　D 6．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair C．scalp→cap→computer→whe

22、elchair D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair 【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段內容“The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair...”可知，研究人員為用戶設計了一種特殊的帽子，它會接收

23、來自頭皮的信號并將其傳給電腦。電腦會解讀這些信號，并指揮機動輪椅。故選C。 【答案】　C 7．The team will test with real patients to________. A．make profits from them B．prove the technology useful to them C．make them live longer D．learn about their physical condition 【解析】　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients，so as to prove

24、that this is a technology they can benefit from.”可知，在病人身上進行實驗是他們團隊工作的一個目標，以便證明這項技術對廣大病人有用。故選B。 【答案】　B 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B．New Findings about How the Human Brain Works C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabl

25、ed D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries 【解析】　標題概括題。根據第一段內容“Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”及下文介紹的最近的一項新發(fā)明可知，本文開篇點題，介紹了科學家研

26、究的新技術BCI對殘疾人大有裨益。故選C。 【答案】　C Ⅱ.完形填空 (2020·石家莊一模)Communication is an important part of any relationship.Many of us are __1__ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when it's our turn to lend a(n) __2__，we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to __3__ and offer advice.

27、 That's because of what researchers call “l(fā)istener burnout (精疲力竭)”. A friend might talk to us __4__， often complaining about the same __5__ problems. When we offer quick advice to __6__ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to __7__ ourselves from burnout.However, good listeners __8__

28、 their natural tendency to solve the other's problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief. To be a good __9__， you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real __10__ to help others and think through their feelings. Don't __11__ things. You can start by putting your ph

29、one __12__ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions __13__ what he or she is saying.__14__ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person's __15__ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you.” Use __16__ words or even sounds such as “yes” “right”，

30、and “hmm” to __17__ the other person to continue. Of course, a __18__ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.But don't get defensive.Effective listeners don't __19__ negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey __20__responding. 【答案

31、速查】　1－5　DCABB　6－10　ABDCC 11－15　BACAD　16－20　DCADB 【語篇解讀】　交流在人際關系中起著重要的作用，許多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的經歷或情感，但是如何做一個善聽者呢？文章對這個問題進行了說明。 1．A.afraid　　　　　　　 B．hesitant C．shy D．eager 【解析】　我們許多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的經歷或感情。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。 【答案】　D 2．A.shoulder B．hand C．ear D．eye 【解析】　lend an ear為固定短語，意思為“傾聽”。 【

32、答案】　C 3．A.respond B．explain C．argue D．quit 【解析】　根據“and offer advice”可知，我們對如何做出反應(respond)和提供建議沒有了主意。 【答案】　A 4．A.aimlessly B．endlessly C．deliberately D．cautiously 【解析】　由下文的“經常抱怨同樣老生常談的問題”可知，這里應該是無休止地(endlessly)對我們談這些。 【答案】　B 5．A.difficult B．old C．acute D．sensitive 【解析】　參見上題解析。 【答案】　

33、B 6．A.fix B．discuss C．create D．describe 【解析】　由“offer quick advice”可知，應選fix，表示“解決”。 【答案】　A 7．A.forgive B．protect C．discourage D．prevent 【解析】　protect sb./sth.from sth.表示“保護某人/某事免于某事”，符合語境。 【答案】　B 8．A.follow B．display C．form D．overcome 【解析】　然而，好的傾聽者會克服(overcome)他們的自然傾向來迅速解決他人的問題。 【答案】

34、　D 9．A.reader B．partner C．listener D．speaker 【解析】　由下文的“active listening”可知，做一個好的傾聽者(listener)需要積極地傾聽他人訴說。 【答案】　C 10．A.demand B．habit C．desire D．ability 【解析】　開始時要有真的要幫助別人的渴望(desire)，并認真考慮他們的感情。 【答案】　C 11．A.skip B．rush C．overlook D．postpone 【解析】　rush things表示“倉促做事”，符合語境。 【答案】　B 12．A

35、.away B．off C．out D．up 【解析】　這里表示把你的手機收起來(putting your phone away)，緊緊地坐在你朋友身邊。 【答案】　A 13．A.record B．restrict C．reflect D．replace 【解析】　由15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，這里表示讓你的面部表情對你朋友所說的話做出反應。 【答案】　C 14．A.Whether B．Since C．While D．If 【解析】　作為一個傾聽者不管(whether)你是否能夠完全理解對方，你都要對對方的感情(feelin

36、gs)做出回應。 【答案】　A 15．A.suggestions B．purposes C．responses D．feelings 【解析】　參見上題解析。 【答案】　D 16．A.big B．tough C．strong D．short 【解析】　由下文的yes，right和hmm可知，要用簡短的(short)語言來鼓勵(encourage)他人繼續(xù)說下去。 【答案】　D 17．A.force B．remind C．encourage D．convince 【解析】　參見上題解析。 【答案】　C 18．A.conversation B．suggestion C．problem D．lecture 【解析】　由語境可知，這里說的是談話(conversation)很難進行下去。 【答案】　A 19．A.give up B．make up C．leave out D．block out 【解析】　善聽者不會抹去負面批評，相反，他們會在做出反應之前傾聽并且明白這個人試圖傳達的意思。block out“不去想，抹去”。 【答案】　D 20．A.after B．before C．while D．once 【解析】　參見上題解析。 【答案】　B