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1、2022年高中英語 Unit1 Living well Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版選修7
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動詞不定式的用法;
預(yù)習(xí)案
語法感知: 動詞不定式的用法;
讀下列句子,判斷動詞不定式在句子中句子成分;
1. It is right to give up smoking.( )
2. He wanted to go .( )
3. I find it very interesting to study English.( )
4. He asked me to do the work with him.( )
5. The farmers
2、thought of ways to protect their crops.( )
6. We turned the lights off not to waste electricity.( )
7. He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there.( )
8. My job is to help the patients.( )
9. To tell the truth, I don`t agree with you.( )
探究案
Ⅰ.動詞不定式的形式;
一般式:to do/
3、 to be done
(表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在它之后發(fā)生)
I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
進(jìn)行式:to be doing
(不定式的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生)
I am very glad to be working with you.
完成式:to have done/to have been done
(不定式的動作在謂語動作所表示的動作之前發(fā)生)
I`m very sorry to have kept you waiting.
Ⅱ.動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu);
1. 帶
4、to的動詞不定式;有些動詞能直接跟帶to的動詞不定式;如:ask,tell, hop,decide,want,forget.,stop等。
2. 不帶to的動詞不定式;
1) 在feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have, see,,look at,watch, notice.observe等使役動詞和感官動詞后,動詞不定式作賓補時不帶to。
I often hear him sing the song.
2) 在would rather(would sooner,had rather, had sooner)----than,rather than等結(jié)構(gòu)中th
5、an之后用不帶to的不定式
I would rather go than stay.
3) 在why do sth? Why not do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中不帶to
Why not do it right now?
4) 在cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but之后的動詞不定式不帶to.
I cannot but admire his courage.我只有佩服他的勇氣。
5) 動詞不定式在介詞but,except,besides后面是,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么這些介詞后的動詞不定式不帶to,否則要帶to
S
6、he could do nothing but cry.
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
6) had better 后跟省略to的不定式。
You had better go home now.
Ⅲ.動詞不定式在句中的作用
動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語或狀語。
1.作主語:
①To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
②To know something about English is one thing; to know English
7、is quite another.
2.作賓語:
1)及物動詞(短語)agree, want, wish, hope, refuse, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, determine, expect, beg, choose, force, intend, attempt, care, fail, hesitate, claim, long(v.), strive, plan, prepare, would like(love, prefer)等后面要求接動詞不定式作賓語。
①She had agreed to
8、 go and see a movie with him.
②They walked because they couldn't afford to take a taxi.
2)當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語時,若其后跟一個賓語補足語,則往往用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語移至句末,以使句子重心后移,即構(gòu)成句型“主語+謂語動詞+it+賓補(形容詞或名詞)+動詞不定式(短語)+其它成分”。能用于這種句型中的謂語動詞常見的有:think, feel, imagine, consider等。
①I thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour
9、.
②I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.
3)動詞不定式一般不用作介詞的賓語,但是介詞(短語)but, except, besides, instead of等后面可以接動詞不定式作賓語。
①The prisoner had no choice but to obey.
②Nothing remained for us to do, except to clean the dishes.
除了洗盤子,我們沒有什么事可干。
3.作賓補:
①They told him not to be late again.
②The par
10、ents don't allow their children to go out at night.
(1)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等動詞(短語)后的復(fù)合賓語中,不定式要省略to;變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,to不能省略,此時不定式作主語補足語。
①They were made to work day and night.
②The boy was seen to enter the room.
(2)有些動詞如think, consider, believe, kn
11、ow, find, expect等用“to be+形容詞或名詞”作賓語補足語,to be有時可省略。
①We consider you(to be)the best man for the job.
②He thought the answer(to be)interesting.。
4.作表語:
①Your job today is to clean the playground.你今天的工作是打掃操場。
②Her wish is to go to a medical college.她的愿望是上醫(yī)學(xué)院。
5.作定語:
①Let us give him something to
12、 eat.讓我們給他一些東西吃。
②We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我們有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。
1)動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞的后面作后置定語,其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語,故動詞不定式作定語時往往用主動式;如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,該動詞不定式要用被動式。
①Do you have anything to do tonight?
(2)不定式作定語,往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動作,與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞,則必須帶有適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
①She is a very nice person to work w
13、ith.
②You must find a place for us to live in before dark.
6.作狀語:
(1)作目的狀語。通常放在句末;為了強調(diào)目的或意義,也可放在句首。
They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions.
(2)作結(jié)果狀語。有時采用enough to, so...as to或too...to這類結(jié)構(gòu)。
①What has he done to make you so happy?
(3)作原因狀語。常用于“主語+be+某些形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
①There
14、 is no doubt that Mrs. Li will be glad to look after the boy.
毫無疑問,李太太將很高興照料這個小
訓(xùn)練案
單項填空
1.With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad.
A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought
2. I have a lot of readings________befor
15、e the end of this term.
A.pleting B.to plete C.pleted D.being pleted
3.That is the only way we can imagine________the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce
4. We were astonished________the temple still in its original
16、 condition.
A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found
5.—It's no use having ideas only.
—Don't worry. Peter can show you________to turn an idea into an act.
A.how B.who C.what D.where
6.In many people's opinion, that pany, though relatively small, is pleasant___
17、_____.
A.to deal with B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with D.dealt with
7.My parents have always made me________about myself, even when I was 12.
A.feeling well B.feeling goodC.feel well D.feel good
8.There is nothing more I can try________you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A.being
18、 persuade B.persuading C.to be persuaded D.to persuade
9.Energy drinks are not allowed________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making
10.The first one________can get the teacher's present.
A.a(chǎn)rrives B.a(chǎn)rrived C.a(chǎn)rriving
19、 D.to arrive
11.—Would you like to know something about my foreign teacher?
—Oh, I remember________about her yesterday.
A.telling B.being told C.to tell D.having told
12.My puter is out of order and________.
A.wants to repair B.needs to be repaired
C.needs to be repairing D.requires b
20、eing repaired
13.He could do nothing but________for his mother at the bus stop.
A.to wait B.waiting C.waited D.wait
14.—I'm sorry, but I didn't mean________out your secret.
—But you know, letting out one's secret means________one's feelings.
A.to let; to hurt B.letting; hurtingC.to let; hurting D.letting; to hurt