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《(天津?qū)S茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 十二 主旨大意-文章大意題優(yōu)選習(xí)題》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(天津?qū)S茫?019高考英語二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 十二 主旨大意-文章大意題優(yōu)選習(xí)題(15頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 十二、主旨大意——文章大意題 (2018·北京,A) My First Marathon(馬拉松) A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class,the tea

2、cher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn’t do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”. The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or

3、 not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills! The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line,my shoe laces(鞋

4、帶) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted! At mile 3,I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!” By mile 17,I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain,I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21,I was starving! As I appr

5、oached mile 23,I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact,I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in

6、 first place had. Determined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標(biāo)簽),I can now call myself a “marathon winner”. 語篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者不畏艱難,挑戰(zhàn)自我,堅(jiān)持跑完馬拉松,實(shí)現(xiàn)了一次從自我砥礪到自我認(rèn)識(shí)的人生“長跑”的勵(lì)志故事。文章旨在向人們傳遞積極的價(jià)值觀:只要勇于挑戰(zhàn),拼搏進(jìn)取,人人皆為勝者。 36.A month before the marathon,the author . A.

7、was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.lost hope 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“Yet,I was determined to go ahead.”并結(jié)合上句最后的“l(fā)eaving me only two weeks to train”可知,雖然作者在馬拉松比賽前一個(gè)月腳踝受傷需休息兩周,但他決心在僅剩的兩周訓(xùn)練時(shí)間里繼續(xù)前行,去參加馬拉松長跑。此處的關(guān)鍵信息determined與選項(xiàng)C中的made up his mind相吻合。故選C。 37.Why did the author

8、 mention the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B.To amuse the readers with a funny story. C.To show he was not talented in sports. D.To share a precious memory. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“I didn’t do either well.He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’.

9、”可知,作者列舉小時(shí)候第一次上體育課的例子,說明自己跑圈不行,打壘球也不行,所以老師告訴作者他不擅長體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。這顯然表明了作者在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒有天賦,與選項(xiàng)C的意思相匹配。 38.How was the author’s first marathon? A.He made it. B.He quit halfway. C.He got the first prize. D.He walked to the end. 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!”可知,作

10、者跑完了這次馬拉松。這與選項(xiàng)A中的“made it(做成)”意思相吻合。 39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.A man owes his success to his family support. B.A winner is one with a great effort of will. C.Failure is the mother of success. D.One is never too old to learn. 答案 B 解析 文章大意題。根據(jù)作者對(duì)自己馬拉松情況的敘述可知,對(duì)于一位腳踝有傷、不具有運(yùn)動(dòng)天賦的人來說去

11、跑馬拉松面臨的挑戰(zhàn)可想而知,但作者不畏艱難,憑著強(qiáng)大的意志力,最后成功到達(dá)終點(diǎn),顯然就是選項(xiàng)B提到的“一位具有強(qiáng)大意志力的獲勝者”。故選B項(xiàng)。 一、題型解讀 說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類,都會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問形式常有: (1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about .

12、 (4)The general/main idea of the passage is . (5)The passage mainly focuses on . 二、解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨 文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想,具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每小段的主題句,各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句,各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯主題句,主題句隱含在段意之中,這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排,理解文章的“重心

13、”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。 主題句的位置一般有以下幾種: (1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山,提出主題,用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想,是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。 (2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后,歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題,是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 (3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。 (4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為:細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。 以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門: 1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,in fact,actually等)時(shí),該句很可能是主題句。

14、2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn),通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。 4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion等詞。 例如:【真題感悟】中第39題,通讀全文可知,作者在講述自己跑馬拉松的經(jīng)歷,再根據(jù)最后一段“Determined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標(biāo)簽),I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’.

15、”可知,作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的強(qiáng)大意志力。故選B。 A (2018·天津十二區(qū)縣二模) While learning the science lessons,I used to get a doubt—why ears,nose,tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though appare

16、ntly it may feel like these are individual sensory organs,they do show some connectivity.Interestingly,our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal?That does not mean we go deaf after a meal,but the hearing pitch(強(qiáng)度) does change after a

17、heavy meal. We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue,but do you know that unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something,our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try t

18、o dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something. Women are much better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint(準(zhǔn)確說出) the exact fragrance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents,which are strongly

19、tied to the memories. Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone,but to the slightest bit of noise around too.Thus surgeons,watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(擴(kuò)大) their pupils,change the

20、focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision,you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision,rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to

21、 read with a compromised vision. Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell,which is unique to us,except for the identical twins.This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the p

22、resence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also changed by the environment,diet and personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individuali

23、stic for each person. 1.We can learn from Paragraph 1 that . A.after a full meal our hearing is as good as before B.all sensory organs are connected and can be exchanged C.sensory organs’ functions can never be changed for their particular character D.we feel and learn about the world a

24、round us through our eyes,ears,nose and tongue 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句“...I used to get a doubt—why ear,nose,tongue and eyes should be called as special senses?The basic reason is that these are...surroundings.”可知,我們通過感官和外界保持聯(lián)系。 2.What may happen after you have had a rich lunch? A.Your eyes bec

25、ome dim. B.You may feel energetic and fresh. C.Your hearing pitch may be decreased. D.Your tongue may lose the function of taste. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二、三句可知,吃飽后人的聽覺會(huì)降低,但不會(huì)變聾。 3.What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A.Our tongues can’t be dried while eating s

26、omething. B.If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it,it will not work. C.A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues. D.If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper,it may work as well as before. 答案 B 解析 句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,舌頭必須在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道,如果用紙把舌頭擦干,舌頭的味覺功能就會(huì)喪失。故選B

27、。 4.What makes each person different from anyone else except identical twins? A.The number of sensory organs. B.The functions of sensory organs. C.The particular smell of a person. D.The style of one’s behaviour. 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Each and every one of us has a particular or individuali

28、stic or characteristic smell,which is unique to us,except for the identical twins.”可知,除同卵雙胞胎以外,我們每個(gè)人身上都有獨(dú)特的味道。故選C。 5.What is the text mainly about? A.The functions of sensory organs. B.The connectivity of our tongue and ear. C.A newborn’s senses of the sensory organs. D.The differences of sense

29、s between women and men. 答案 A 解析 主旨大意題??v觀全文可知,這篇文章講的是感覺器官的聯(lián)系和功能。 B (2018·天津部分區(qū)縣一模) Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t.You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler. But here is what sci

30、entists found recently:people’s music tastes change as they age,according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’,whether you like it or not. We used to think that culture an

31、d personality are the only factors that affect one’s music choice.But researchers at the University of Cambridge,UK,gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years.They noticed that as people age,their social circumstances change,and so does their music tastes. There are three mu

32、sical periods that people pass through as they mature—“intense”,“contemporary” and “sophisticated”. The first period comes in the teenage years,during which time people like intense music such as punk and rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independe

33、nt individuals. But as people move into early adulthood,their lifestyle changes—they socialize more and want to build close relationships with others.As a result,they become more fond of contemporary music,such as pop and R&B,which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties where peop

34、le hang out together and chat. When middle age comes,things have settled down for most people.This period will be dominated(支配) by more “sophisticated” music,such as jazz and classical,as well as more catchy music like country,folk,and blues. “For many,this life stage is frequently exhausted by wo

35、rk and family,and there is a requirement for relaxing,emotive(有感染力的) music,” Jason Rentfrow,a researcher member,told The telegraph. But you must be thinking:“Aren’t there old people who are still into rock music?” Of course there are.But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock m

36、usic may have changed.“We use music for different reasons,” he said,and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths. 語篇解讀 本文主要講述了“是什么影響了人們的音樂品味?” 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)音樂品味隨著年齡的增長而變化。 6.Why do children usually like different songs from their parents according to the passage? A.Child

37、ren prefer cool music. B.Music taste changes with age. C.Parents’ songs are always dull. D.Parents have better social circumstances. 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“But here is what scientists found recently:people’s music tastes change as they age”可知,音樂的品味隨著年齡的增長而變化,所以孩子與父母喜歡的音樂不同??芍鸢笧锽。 7.The underl

38、ined word “catchy” in Paragraph 7 probably means “ ”. A.touching and easily remembered B.awkward and easily captured C.elegant but difficult to understand D.flexible and difficult to catch 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測題。由該畫線詞后列舉的例子,如鄉(xiāng)村音樂、民謠音樂和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂,以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“For many,this life stage is frequently exhaust

39、ed by work and family,and there is a requirement for relaxing,emotive(動(dòng)情的) music”可知,畫線詞的意思是“吸引人的,容易記住的”,故答案為A。 8.Middle age is a period when people . A.have an aggressive goal B.like pop and R&B C.desire close connections with others D.lead a stressful life 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“For

40、 many,this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family,and there is a requirement for relaxing,emotive(動(dòng)情的)music”可知,對(duì)很多人來說,這個(gè)人生階段經(jīng)常被工作和家庭所累,需要放松的、有感染力的音樂。由此可知,中年是一個(gè)有壓力的生活時(shí)期。故答案為D。 9.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Old people don’t like rock music. B.Music can serve as a rem

41、inder. C.Rock music makes old people younger. D.Listening to rock music needs reasons. 答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘We use music for different reasons,’ he said,and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.”可知,音樂可以作為一個(gè)引起人回憶的事物。故答案為B。 10.What’s the main idea of the pa

42、ssage? A.Why do people like music? B.How can you improve your music talent? C.What influences people’s music taste? D.Why do different people like different music? 答案 C 解析 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段及第二段首句可知,音樂的品味隨著年齡的增長而變化。所以本文講述的是“是什么影響了人們的音樂品味?”故選C。 題型組合練(十五) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1. many people said the sma

43、rtphone made their lives easier,others pointed out its shortcomings. A.If B.Once C.Unless D.While 答案 D 解析 句意為:雖然很多人說智能手機(jī)讓他們的生活更輕松,但也有人指出了它的缺點(diǎn)。if如果;once一旦;unless除非。前后句之間是讓步關(guān)系,while在此是從屬連詞,意為“雖然,盡管”,符合語境。故選D。 2.Exercise—or at least get moving,which helps the blood to and gets ideas m

44、oving around. A.circulate B.transform C.accelerate D.develop 答案 A 解析 句意為:做鍛煉,至少(身體)活動(dòng)一下,有助于血液循環(huán),想出好主意。circulate傳播,循環(huán);transform轉(zhuǎn)變,改變;accelerate加速,促進(jìn);develop發(fā)展,形成。故選A。 3.A large quantity of books and newspapers in foreign languages up to now,not to mention those in Chinese. A.has be

45、en subscribed to B.have been subscribed to C.had been subscribed to D.is subscribed to 答案 B 解析 句意為:到目前為止,大量的外語書籍和報(bào)紙已經(jīng)被訂閱了,更別提那些中文的。主語是books and newspapers,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),且主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且由up to now可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。 4.—Do you have any shoes which my jacket? —I’m afraid not.But you may have more choice

46、s. A.agree with B.begin with C.go with D.compare with 答案 C 解析 句意為:——有和我夾克相配的鞋嗎?——恐怕沒有了。但是你可以有更多的選擇。agree with與某人(觀點(diǎn))一致,同意(贊同)某人的意見;begin with以……開始,從……開始;go with相伴,跟……相配;compare with(把……)與……相比,比得上,可與……相比,比較。故選C。 5.The argument arouses quite in society it is good to cancel English te

47、st in the College Entrance Examination. A.why B.where C.what D.whether 答案 D 解析 句意為:在高考中取消英語考試是否有好處,這常常引起社會(huì)的爭論。whether在此處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,故選D。 6.The retired teacher said,“By the year 2020,my savings off all my debts.” A.will have paid B.would have paid C.have paid D.had paid 答案 A 解析 句意

48、為:這位退休教師說,“到2020年,我的存款將還清我所有的債務(wù)。”將來完成時(shí)表示“到將來某時(shí)之前或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作”,符合語境。故選A。 7.What I’m going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting, I offer my apologies in advance. A.from whom B.for whom C.to whom D.towards whom 答案 C 解析 句意為:我的發(fā)言可能會(huì)冒犯一些敏感的聽眾,我事先向這些人致歉。offer sth. t

49、o sb. 是固定搭配。這是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。故選C。 8.Our country has successfully established the temporary space lab,which proves that,with and determination,all obstacles can be overcome. A.requirement B.commitment C.extension D.distinction 答案 B 解析 句意為:我國已成功建立了臨時(shí)太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室,這證明,有了投入和決心,所有的障礙都能被克服。r

50、equirement要求;commitment投入,奉獻(xiàn);extension延期,延伸;distinction區(qū)別,差別。故選B。 9.As has been a consensus,though someone has different opinions,that under no circumstances any practice of dividing China. A.may we accept B.we may accept C.we could accept D.did we accept 答案 A 解析 句意為:盡管有人有不同意見,但是

51、我們決不可以接受任何分裂中國的行徑,這一點(diǎn)已形成共識(shí)。under no circumstances“決不”,當(dāng)其位于句首時(shí),句子要部分倒裝。由語境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),排除D項(xiàng)。故選A。 10.—Is this your favorite? —The new kind of computer is OK style,but it’s a bit out of color,I’m afraid. A.in spite of B.regardless of C.in terms of D.for the sake of 答案 C 解析 句意為:——這是你的最愛嗎

52、?——這種新型電腦在款式方面沒有問題,但是顏色恐怕有點(diǎn)過時(shí)了。in spite of雖然,盡管;regardless of不管,不顧;in terms of根據(jù),就……而言;for the sake of為了……的緣故。根據(jù)句意,C項(xiàng)是最佳答案。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2018·河?xùn)|區(qū)一模) When I arrived at university,I had nothing in my bank account but was given a brand new overdraft(透支).I’d never had one before.So it was very exciting to

53、 spend money on shopping,nights out,and all the junk food my mum had never let me eat.I managed to max out(達(dá)到最高限度) my account within three months and suddenly life wasn’t so much fun. I spent the last two weeks before Easter on a diet of porridge and became self-loathing(自我憎恨的) and I also blamed As

54、da(阿斯達(dá)超市) for all the two-for-one deals I couldn’t resist.Now I’m working full-time to repay my debts.I’m also setting up a separate bank account for my student loan to go into to cover rent and bills.So I’ll be able to keep an eye on my spending. With a lot of hard work and saving over the holiday

55、s I’m hoping that I’ll be in better financial shape for next year.After my experience in halls—being kept awake until 4 a.m.and work surfaces permanently covered in mind—I’m looking forward to moving into a house with friends.The partying and social life in halls are fantastic,but sometimes you’re p

56、ut with people you don’t get on with,and it’s hard to cope with that.It helped me to stay strong,but I wish I had stood up to them rather than felt bullied. I had a really bad time in my first year,which is why I’m going to make the most of university next year.I’m going to balance work with a soci

57、al life,hit Freshers’ week hard and join some societies.With university handing me so many opportunities on a plate,I want to take up as many as I can and enjoy myself. 11.The author could do so much shopping as a freshman because . A.she was permitted to overdraft from the bank B.her par

58、ents sent her money through the bank C.she wanted to max out her account D.she could work full-time 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When I arrived at university,I had nothing in my bank account but was given a brand new overdraft(透支).I’d never had one before.So it was very exciting to spend money on shopp

59、ing...”可知作者在大一時(shí)被給了一個(gè)透支賬戶,所以他很興奮地購物。故選A。 12.What can we infer from the second paragraph about the author? A.She enjoyed eating porridge for her meals. B.She had to work to pay for her education fee. C.She regretted spending so much money on shopping. D.She wanted to borrow more money for shoppin

60、g. 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“became self-loathing”“working full-time to repay my debts”和“keep an eye on my spending”可知作者為自己的揮霍后悔,努力工作還債。故選C。 13.From this text we can see that the author . A.gained a lot of money through working B.didn’t get on well with her workmates C.felt bullied by her

61、friends D.worked and slept in bad condition 答案 D 解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“being kept awake until 4 a.m.and work surfaces permanently covered in mind”和“sometimes you’re put with people you don’t get on with,and it’s hard to cope with that”可知,作者的工作和睡眠狀況很差。故選D。 14.The author made up her mind to ne

62、xt year. A.make good use of her university life B.find a better job C.take up more plates D.form some organizations 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I had a really bad time in my first year,which is why I’m going to make the most of university next year.I’m going to balance work with a social life,hit F

63、reshers’ week hard and join some societies.”可知,作者決定明年好好利用她的大學(xué)生活。故選A。 15.The author mainly introduces her in the passage. A.opportunities at first year of university B.freshman experiences at university C.working experiences at university D.thoughts on her daily spending 答案 B 解析 主旨大意題

64、。文中作者介紹了自己揮霍后悔的大一生活,自己為之付出的代價(jià)和今后的打算。B項(xiàng)概括了全文的主旨。故選B。 Ⅲ.閱讀表達(dá) A brave 9-year-old American boy,James Barney,is recovering in hospital after he fought with a 9-foot,400-pound alligator with his bare hands.And he now plans to make a necklace from a tooth of the alligator,which doctors found in a wound o

65、n his back.James Barney spoke calmly and vividly about his experience in hospital.He was covered in about 30 teeth marks,doctors said. The little boy described that it was a hot day so he had parked his bike and jumped into Lake Tohopekaliga—a lake that people are forbidden to swim in—when he felt

66、something brush against his leg.“It really amazed me what happened.At first,I thought someone was just playing with me,and I didn’t know what happened,” he said.“I soon became calm and reached down to grab it,and I felt its jaw,I felt its teeth,and I didn’t know what to do,so I immediately reacted and hit it with my hands.And I had enough strength to make its jaw open.” The child pulled the powerful jaws open long enough to slide out and swim to the shore quickly. Witnesses said the boy surface

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