《2020年高考英語(yǔ) 必考點(diǎn) 專題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測(cè)題（高效演練）（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020年高考英語(yǔ) 必考點(diǎn) 專題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測(cè)題（高效演練）（含解析）（20頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、專題16 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測(cè)題高效演練AAn exciting landing process of Change-4 lunar probe (月球探測(cè)器 ) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the
2、moons unknown side never visible from Earth.Chinas Change-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite, named Queqiao, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legend (傳說 ) , wa
3、s launched on May 21, 2018, and became the first communication satellite operating in the halo orbit, nearly 500,000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. The maximum d
4、istance between the satellite and the Change-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79,000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption, as the earths and moons gravity balances it
5、s orbital moving. While in orbit, it can see both the earth and the far side of the moon.The concept of using a relay satellite in the halo orbit was first put forward by U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers.Researchers hope to use the cameras on the satellite
6、 to record asteroids (小行星 ) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Change-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg.Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. To promote public interes
7、t in space exploration, the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration, and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages.這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章報(bào)道了北京時(shí)間2019年1月3日10時(shí)26分，我國(guó)嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器成功登陸月球背面，并通過“鵲橋”中繼衛(wèi)星傳
8、回了世界第一張近距離拍攝的月背影像圖。1. What do we learn from the second paragraph?A. The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3, 2019.B. Change-4 probe was the first communication satellite.C. The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon.D. The relay satellite can handle data from Change-4 probe.【答案】【解
9、析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.可知，中繼衛(wèi)星可以處理來自嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器的數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。2. Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small?A. To reduce the cost as much as possible.B. To make it circle Moon for a longer time.C. To avoid being crashed by other satellites.
10、D. To follow American space experts advice.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的To control the cost of the Change-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg.可知，中繼衛(wèi)星的尺寸相對(duì)較小是為了節(jié)約成本，故選A。3. What made researchers suffer from great stress?A. Few people interested in the expl
11、oration on the moon.B. The relay satellite carrying too much equipment.C. Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite.D. Peoples never being optimistic about the relay satellite.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressu
12、re. 可知，研究者們壓力很大是因?yàn)樗麄冎挥?0個(gè)月的時(shí)間開發(fā)這個(gè)衛(wèi)星，即缺乏時(shí)間，故選C。4. What is the main idea of the text?A. China is a new space power after the USA.B. Change-4 probe lands on Moons far side.C. Chinese space engineers make much progress.D. Space exploration is a dangerous challenge.【答案】 B【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要報(bào)道了嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器成功登陸月球，文章
13、介紹了衛(wèi)星在月球登陸的情況，因此，本文的主要內(nèi)容是嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器在月球背面著陸。故選B。BWith its snow-covered mountains and a variety of wildlife, Yellow Stone National Park is one of the scenic treasures of the United States. Located primarily in Wyoming, the park hosts millions of visitors every year. If you plan to travel within the park,
14、 keep in mind advice from the National Park Service.Seasonal TravelTravel varies vastly from season to season. Roads are generally open in the summer except for cases of rock or mud slides, wild fires, accidents or road construction. Early snows in the fall can cause some roads to close temporarily.
15、 In the winter almost all roads are closed to motor vehicles, but snowmobiles and other snow vehicles with tracks are allowed. Roads begin to open for the spring by the latter part of April but can close if snowfall continues.Driving TimeGrand Loop is the main road through Yellowstone National Park;
16、 it passes by most of the major attractions. These include Old Faithful, Yellowstone Lake and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The maximum speed limit on the Grand Loop is 45 miles per hour, but the speed limit drops during some of the winding and twisting sections of this narrow road. Allow yoursel
17、f at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and being sometimes stuck in heavy traffic.Safety AwarenessBuffalo(水牛)often block the roads in the park as they move through the fields. If a group is traveling across the road you are on you can either wait for them to pass or
18、 find an alternative route. If you get out of your vehicle, the National Park Service says to stay at least 25 yards from any buffalo (and 100 yards or more away from bears and wolves). Buffalo are particularly unpredictable and charge people at speeds up to 30 mph.You can take your bicycle on any p
19、ublic roads and routes designed for bikes, but bicycles are not allowed on the park roads which are narrow with few shoulders. Altitudes range from 5, 300 to 8, 860 feet. The National Park Service recommends cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理局給出的游覽黃石國(guó)家公園的建議。5. What
20、do we know about travelling in the Yellowstone Park?A. Roads will stay open in case of emergency.B. Traffic jam happens from time to time.C. The driving speed on the road can be 50 mph.D. Motor vehicles are allowed in the winter.【答案】 B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Driving Time部分中的“Allow yourself at least two days to
21、fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and being sometimes stuck in heavy traffic.”可知，考慮到交通擁擠，給自己至少兩天時(shí)間來完成環(huán)行，由此可知，黃石公園的交通堵塞時(shí)有發(fā)生，故B項(xiàng)正確。6. What does the National Park Service suggest people do about safety?A. Stay inside the car throughout the travel.B. Get out of their vehicles when coming
22、 across the Buffalo.C. Wear the easy-to-see clothes while bicycling.D. Avoid bicycling on the public roads.【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Safety Awareness部分中的“The National Park Service recommends cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.”可知，美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理局建議騎自行車游覽公園的人戴頭盔和穿醒目的衣服，故C項(xiàng)正確。7. From which is the text pro
23、bably taken?A. A guidebook.B. A commercial advertisement.C. A research paper.D. A geography textbook.【答案】 A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理局給出的游覽黃石國(guó)家公園的建議，屬于旅游范疇，最有可能出自旅游指南，故A項(xiàng)正確。CIf you live in Washington, D. C., or Redwood, Calif., you may have glimpsed a small, boxy robot rolling along a local
24、sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many a curious onlooker.The robots, which look like electric rice cookers with wheels, were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focused on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the
25、 world.This week, the company revealed plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the worlds first robot package delivery service”. The package delivery service is only available in some cities in the US.The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph an
26、d and can detect barriers from as far as 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through just about anything,” says Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starships D. C. office, “If you have something in the way, its able to climb it.” By giving customers control of when deliveries occur, Starship Tech
27、nologies is promoting its service as a way to combat package theft.To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the companys app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address,” a unique address inside a Starship facility, instead of a hom
28、e address, where they can have packages sent from places such as Amazon. com.Once a package is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notice that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot. The robots are opened by customers with a mobile phone code (代碼).這是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講了在
29、美國(guó)的一些城市，包裹可以由機(jī)器人運(yùn)送了。8. What do we know about Starship Technologies company?A. Packages are delivered by its robots all round America.B. Its robots have taken on package delivery for a long time.C. It is the first to provide robot package delivery service.D. Its delivery service is the best of all in
30、 the world.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段This week, the company revealed plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the worlds first robot paokage delivery service”.（本周，該公司公布了將送貨服務(wù)從食品擴(kuò)展到包裹的計(jì)劃，此舉使其成為“世界上第一家送貨機(jī)器人”。）由此可知星際飛船技術(shù)公司是第一家提供機(jī)器人包裹遞送服務(wù)的公司，故選C。9. What do
31、es the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delay.B. Prevent.C. ReportD. Discover.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。上文By giving customers control of when deliveries occur說通過讓客戶控制何時(shí)發(fā)貨，推斷出下文Starship Technologies is promoting its service as a way to combat package theft.的意思是星際飛船技術(shù)公司正在推廣其服務(wù)，作為一種打擊包裹盜竊的
32、方式。Combat意思是“阻止”，A. Delay.延期；B. Prevent.阻止；C. Report.報(bào)告；D. Discover.發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。10. What can we learn about robot package delivery service?A. Customers cant open the robots without a mobile phone code.B. Starship Delivery Address is the customers home address.C. Customers have to pay a little more than $
33、10 each time.D. Robots themselves have control over when to deliver packages.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段The robots are opened by customers with a mobile phone code (這些機(jī)器人由顧客用手機(jī)代碼打開)，由此可知沒有手機(jī)密碼，顧客無法打開機(jī)器人，故選A。11. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Robot Delivery Service Is Taking OffB. Humans
34、Are Being Replaced by RobotsC. Everything Can Be Done by RobotsD. Packages Can Be Delivered by Robots【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。第三段This week, the company revealed plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include packages, a move that made it “the worlds first robot package delivery service”.是全文的主題句，
35、結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了在美國(guó)的一些城市，包裹可以由機(jī)器人運(yùn)送了，故選D。DWhat were you like as a teenager? I was a nightmare. I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework, hung out with the wrong people and made lots of bad decisions. Apparently, this is the age when teenagers are out of control and be
36、have badly. Maybe，if youre a teenager now, you think this is unfair criticism or its not your fault. Well, you might be right!Experts have found that its a teenagers brain that is to blame. Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19a period known as adolescencethe brain is still developing in areas
37、that control behavior. This has an influence on learning and multitasking(同時(shí)做多件事情), stress and memory, sleep, addiction, and decision-making. For parents, these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of behaviors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒無常).T
38、his is quite a new discovery, according to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, who, speaking on the BBC radio program The Life Scientific, says, “when I was at university, the dogma(教條) in the text books was that the vast majority of brain development goes on in the first few years of life and nothing
39、much changes after mid-childhood. That dogma is completely false.”According to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, students not being able to get their homework done on time has something to do with our prefrontal cortexthats the part of our brain right at the front, just behind the forehead. She says,
40、 “its involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive(認(rèn)知的) tasks such as decision making and planningwe know that this region is undergoing very large amounts of development during the adolescent years.” This is the part of the brain, mainly involved in planning, and, for a teenager, this has
41、nt developed yet. So getting organized to do their homework, for example, can come as a bit of a challenge.I wish Id known about this because instead of telling my teacher Id left my homework on the bus or that the dog had eaten it. Now I could say, “Sorry sir, my brain isnt developed enough for the
42、 cognitive task of planning my homework.”本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹關(guān)于青少年大腦的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。12. What is the main idea of the text?A. The growing pains of teenagers.B. The dogma in the text hooks was false.C. A new discovery about the teenagers brain.D. The students new challenge of doing their homework.【答案】 C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中
43、Experts have found that its a teenagers brain that is to blame. Between the ages of approximately 13 to 19a period known as adolescencethe brain is still developing in areas that control behavior.可知，本文介紹關(guān)于青少年大腦的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。13. According to the author, why is it a bit of challenge for students to do thei
44、r homework?A. The students are moody.B. Hormones are to blame.C. There is too much homework.D. The brains of the students havent been developed.【答案】 D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中This is the part of the brain, mainly involved in planning, and, for a teenager, this hasnt developed yet. So getting organized to do
45、their homework, for example, can come as a bit of a challenge.可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們的大腦還沒有發(fā)育好所以做作業(yè)對(duì)學(xué)生來說有點(diǎn)挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。14. What does the underlined word manifest mean?A. Develop.B. Show.C. Abandon.D. Experience.【答案】B 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中For parents, these consequences often manifest themselves in a variety of behav
46、iors that they may have previously blamed on hormones or just moodiness(喜怒無常).“對(duì)于父母來說，這些后果常常表現(xiàn)在各種各樣的行為上，他們之前可能把這些行為歸咎于激素或情緒低落”。由此推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“顯示”。故選B。15. What can we know from the text?A. The vast majority of brain doesnt develop after mid-childhood.B. All of the students are nightmares for parents dur
47、ing adolescence.C. Prefrontal cortex is undergoing large amounts of development during childhood.D. The prefrontal cortex has something to do with many high-level cognitive tasks.【答案】 D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中students not being able to get their homework done on time has something to do with our prefrontal
48、cortexthats the part of our brain right at the front, just behind the forehead.可知，前額皮質(zhì)與許多高級(jí)認(rèn)知任務(wù)有關(guān)。故選D。EAt 88, my grandmother Vera has dementia and barely recognizes me. But Im determined to help her age with dignity and grace in her home for as long as she can.Since 2015, Ive been a manager at Honor
49、, a technology company that uses a website and an app to pair professional caregivers (we call them Care Pros) with loved ones who need a hand. I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客戶), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and
50、skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmothers most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy. Thats the best gift I can give her and the best gift I can give myself. Care giving can exhaust a family emotionally and physically. At
51、 Honor, were trying to create something that makes it easier for women to be moms, daughters, and sisters all at once. Thats why this company was built.What sets Honor apart from other care giving services is that were equally focused on treating the Care Pros well. We pay higher-than-average rates
52、and they can get health benefits and sick leave. Most of our Care Pros are women, and a lot of them arc single mothers. The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (參數(shù)) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules. The company also all
53、ows continuity of care. Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the clients family can stay up to date on their loved ones health.When I was working with my team at Honor, I wanted to create opportunities for people
54、who looked like me. Im proud to say that there are single moms and other women without traditional educational training who lead teams here. The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.Im confi
55、dent it will happen.本文是一篇說明文。文章講述老年照顧者的重要性以及Honor公司。Honor是一家科技公司，它通過一個(gè)網(wǎng)站和一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，將專業(yè)護(hù)理人員(我們稱之為護(hù)理專業(yè)人員)與需要幫助的親人配對(duì)。Honor與其他護(hù)理服務(wù)的區(qū)別在于，我們同樣注重善待護(hù)理專業(yè)人士。我們支付高于平均水平的工資，他們可以享受健康福利和病假。16. The author mentions Amy to _.A. share a precious memoryB. advocate caring for the elderlyC. show the importance of caregiver
56、sD. inform the readers of a touching story【答案】 C【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客戶), including my grandmother, a service that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmothers most-loved Honor professional caregiv
57、er, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy.“我想要確保我們?yōu)樗械目蛻?，包括我的祖母，提供一?xiàng)負(fù)擔(dān)得起的服務(wù)，而且要有可靠、多樣化和熟練的員工。在星期天。艾米，我祖母最喜歡的榮譽(yù)職業(yè)護(hù)理員，過來給她穿上去教堂的衣服。她喜歡和艾米在一起的時(shí)光?！笨芍?，作者提到Amy是為了說明老年照顧者的重要性。故選C。17. Which of the following about Honor is true?A. It allows flexible working schedule
58、s.B. It gives higher salary and more paid leave.C. It mainly employs single mothers and males.D. It matches caregivers with clients at random.【答案】 A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (參數(shù)) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can c
59、ontrol their schedules.“我們的應(yīng)用程序背后的技術(shù)允許醫(yī)護(hù)人員根據(jù)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和工作量來設(shè)置參數(shù)，這樣他們就可以控制自己的日程安排?！笨芍?，它允許靈活的工作時(shí)間安排。故選A。18. What does the underlined part “stay up to date” probably mean?A. Go to bed later than usual.B. Get the latest information.C. Attend to somebody at fixed time.D. Accompany somebody day and night.【答案】B
60、 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the clients family can stay up to date on their loved ones health.“每個(gè)護(hù)理專業(yè)人員都會(huì)在護(hù)理人員的應(yīng)用程序中記錄下客戶的感受，以及接下來輪班時(shí)應(yīng)該發(fā)生什么。這樣，客戶的家人就可以隨時(shí)了解他們所愛的人的健康狀況。”由此推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“獲取最新信息”
61、。故選B。19. The last paragraph intends to tell us that _.A. women are able to hold up half the skyB. success has nothing to do with educationC. Honor will probably have a better futureD. people with diverse backgrounds will be a model【答案】 C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中The makeup of this company proves that people
62、 with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.“這家公司的構(gòu)成證明，擁有不同背景的人可以成為一家成功科技公司的一部分。這必須成為未來的模式?！焙妥詈笠欢蜪m confident it will happen.“我相信這將會(huì)發(fā)生?！笨芍?，最后一段意在告訴我們，Honor可能會(huì)有一個(gè)更好的未來。故選C。FMany managers believe that overworking is an evidence of devotion
63、from their employees side. Still few others regard this custom as a threat to the workers worklife balance, which may negatively influence the level of productivity and efficiency.Employees at Amsterdam design studio Heldergroen wont be putting in much overtime. Not in the office, at any rate. Thats
64、 because every day at 6 pm, their desks, tables and other work surfaces, with their computers attached, are lifted to the ceiling by steel cables(鋼索) normally used to move heavy props (道具) in theatrical productions. If you leave a halfeaten sandwich on your desk, youre out of luck.“Once the chairs a
65、nd other workplace _paraphernalia_ are cleared away, the space is free for everything and weekend use as a dance floor, yoga studio. or anything else you can think of the floor is actually yours，” director Sander Veenendaal said.In a way, the office space itself is working overtime for Heldergroen, bringing about lots of publicity and carrying a
2020年高考英語(yǔ) 必考點(diǎn) 專題16閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題和詞義猜測(cè)題（高效演練）（含解析）
