2020年高考英語 必考點 專題14 名詞性從句（精講深剖）（含解析）

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1、專題14 名詞性從句精講深剖真題速遞一單句語法填空1. （2019全國卷I）While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。2. （2018全國卷III）Im not sure 61 is more frig

2、htened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】who 【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定誰受到了更大的驚嚇，是我還是那只不知從何處突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導賓語從句，在從句中作主語，表示“誰”，故填who。二單項選擇1.（2019江蘇卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. which

3、D. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：科學家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引導同位語從句。故選B。2.（2018江蘇卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_的。分析which引導的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句，這里用連接副詞how引導表語從句，充當方式狀語，表示“如何”。

4、故選D。3. （2018天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.Awhomever BwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever【答案】C【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：金牌將會被頒發(fā)給在自行車比賽中獲得第一的任何選手。本空需要連接詞引導賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作主語，指人，同時根據(jù)句意可知，應用whoever“的任何人，無論誰”引導這個賓語從句?？季V解讀名詞性從句是高考?？嫉恼Z法項目，主要考查對連接詞的正確把握。在同位語從句中，經(jīng)?？疾閠hat的用法。除此之外，其他連

5、接詞的用法以及從句的語序也時有考查。知識梳理名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種。名詞性從句中的連接詞有從屬連詞that/whether/if，連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。一、that引導的名詞性從句(1)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we

6、 dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情況下，賓語從句中的引導詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略：(A)當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入語時；(B)有多個that引導的從句時，第一個that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介詞except，but，besides，in等后跟that引導的賓語從句時；(D)當when，who，what，where，why，how等引導的從句與that引導的從

7、句作主句謂語動詞的并列賓語時。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的區(qū)別。that 引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不擔當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先行詞關(guān)系代詞

8、”，即常說的“先行詞that”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔當任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語或主語，與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說明名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，do

9、ubt，possibility，idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位語從句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定語從句)that引導名詞性從句時本身無意義，只起連接作用，也不在句中作任何成分。它引導的名詞性從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都完整，往往用于陳述事實。引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，that不能省略。引導賓語從句時，在口語和非正式文體中，th

10、at可省略。但下列情況下，that不可省略：【考題印證】單據(jù)語法填空與單句改錯1(2016江蘇高考改編)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【答案】that【解析】句意：通常情況下，對于那些堅持希望的人來說，一切皆有可能?？仗幰龑е髡Z從句，從句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引導。2(2016天津高考改編)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much

11、work to do.【答案】that 【解析】句意：經(jīng)理提出了一個建議，我們應該有一個助手。工作太多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導同位語從句，解釋說明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容，故填that。3(2016北京高考改編)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_ one can be entirely free from dust.【答案】that 【解析】句意：雨季最令人高興的事情就是人們可以完全遠離灰塵。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句包含一個表語從句，且表語從句中句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故使用that引導表語從句，that在表語從句中不作句子成分，只起

12、連接作用。4.(2015全國卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. _【答案】where改為that或去掉where【解析】found后是一個賓語從句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，應該用that引導，that也可省略。二、that引導主語從句時可用it作形式主語的四大句式1Itbe形容詞(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, c

13、lear, obvious, strange, normal等)that從句It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那樣的幫助。2Itbe名詞(短語)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)that從句Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.難怪他不想去。3Itbe過去分詞(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested,

14、advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, wellknown, announced等)that從句It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.會議被推遲到下周一已經(jīng)定下來了。特別注意在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required .that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語應用“(should)動詞原形”。It is suggested that you (should) spend mo

15、re time in studying English.建議你花更多的時間學習英語。4It特殊動詞或短語(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)that從句It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到喬害怕獨自一個人待著。【考題印證】(2018浙江11月高考)It is possible _ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.【答案

16、】that【解析】it作形式主語，that從句為真正主語。三、whether與if的用法1用whether或if均可的情況(1)whether可引導各種名詞性從句。引導大部分動詞后的賓語從句時，兩者均可。(2)it作形式主語，且主語從句在句末時，兩者均可引導主語從句。Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.他今天晚上是否會來還不確定。2用whether而不用if的情況(1)主語從句和賓語從句置于句首時；Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measu

17、res will be taken by the government about water pollution.我們能否有干凈的飲用水取決于政府將采取什么樣的有效措施處理水污染問題。(2)引導表語從句和同位語從句時；The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.問題是空氣污染能否被控制住。He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.他問了我我們是否該給無家可歸者錢的問題。(3)引導介詞的賓語從句時；It depends on

18、 whether we have enough time.這取決于我們是否有充足的時間。(4)引導詞與or not連用時；I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.我不知道這個報道是否是真的。(5)引導詞后接to do時；They dont know whether to go there.他們不知道是否去那里。(6)有些動詞如leave, put, discuss, decide等后的賓語從句；We discussed whether we shoul

19、d hold a meeting.我們討論了我們是否應召開一個會議。(7)避免用if引導產(chǎn)生歧義。Let me know whether you are coming to our party.讓我知道你是否來參加我們的宴會?！究碱}印證】(2017天津高考改編)She asked me_ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt .【答案】whether/if 【解析】句意：她問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了，我承認說我還沒有還。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導賓語從句，且在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用

20、；又根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“是否”，故用whether或if引導賓語從句。四、連接代詞引導的名詞性從句1.連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which等不但起連接作用，也在從句中作名詞或代詞所作的成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語等。缺少連接代詞，從句不完整。What worries us most is who let out the secret.最令我們擔憂的是誰泄漏了秘密。2連接副詞引導的名詞性從句連接副詞when, where, why, how等不但起連接作用，也在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因和方式等。He didnt tell me when we woul

21、d meet again.他沒告訴我什么時候我們再見面。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.去把你的大衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I have no idea how I can express myself clearly in English.我不知道如何用英語清楚地表達自己。Thats why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。3“疑問詞ever”引導的名詞性從句“疑問詞ever”引導名詞性從句時，有詞意，并且在從句中充當一定的句子成分。Whoever breaks the law sho

22、uld be punished.無論誰觸犯法律都應該受到懲罰。Wherever children go makes their parents worry.孩子們無論去哪兒父母都擔心。名師指津“疑問詞ever”還可以引導讓步狀語從句，但“no matter疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能用來引導名詞性從句。Whatever ( No matter what) you do, you must do it well.無論你做什么，都必須做好?！究碱}印證】單句語法填空1.(2016全國卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to _ I liv

23、e.【答案】where 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞to之后為賓語從句，賓語從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導。2.(2015全國卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是一個賓語從句?？崭窈蟮膖hick為形容詞，因此空格處應用副詞，故填how。3.(2014廣東高考)I didnt understand _

24、this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.【答案】why 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，“我”不知道/不明白為什么會發(fā)生這樣的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引導。4(2018北京高考改編)This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 【答案】what 【解析】 句意：這就是父親教給我的永遠面對困難并且寄予最大的希望。表語從句中動詞taught缺少直接賓語

25、， 且表示“的東西”，故填what?？键c精講“2招”妙解語法填空題1根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語，用連接代詞；若缺少狀語就用連接副詞?！舅悸伏c撥】1Make the most of your strengths, and you can be successful regardless of which type you fall into and_ _fast or slowly you walk.【答案】how【解析】考查副詞性連詞引導的賓語從句

26、。本句中and連接兩個并列的句子做介詞of的賓語。and后面的句子不缺成分且需要修飾副詞fast，需用how。句意：充分發(fā)揮你的優(yōu)勢，你就可以成功，不管你是屬于哪種類型的和你的速度有多慢。2It is is written on the signs inside the bus that has people talking.【答案】what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的主語從句。本句整體是個強調(diào)句式，強調(diào)的是個主語從句。第二個is前缺少主語，需用代詞性連詞。有根據(jù)句意“就是寫在公交車內(nèi)部的標語讓人們討論不休的”，故填what。3They never get angry and are alwa

27、ys kind to the students. Thats the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.【答案】why【解析】考查副詞性連詞引導的表語從句。根據(jù)橫線后是表語從句且不缺少成分可知需用副詞性連詞；又根據(jù)句意“他們從不生氣，對學生總是很好。那就是為什么孩子們總能和他們的機器人老師相處得很好?！笨芍崭裉幪顆hy。4 surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the Briti

28、sh Museum.【答案】What【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的主語從句。surprised前缺少主語，再根據(jù)句意“最令我們驚訝的是，她的藝術(shù)品很快出名，并在大英博物館展出。”可知填What。5Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are you eat!【答案】what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的表語從句。根據(jù)空格后的eat缺少賓語可知空格處需用代詞；再根據(jù)句意“一定要對你吃的東西有一個強烈的意識！”可知空格處填what。6My friend Julia brought out all her dresses and told me t

29、o take suited me best. 【答案】whichever【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的賓語從句。根據(jù)take是及物動詞可知其后面是個賓語從句；又根據(jù)suited 前缺少主語可知空格處需用代詞性連詞；再根據(jù)句意“我的朋友朱莉婭把她所有的衣服都拿出來，叫我穿最適合我的任何一件衣服?！笨芍顆hichever。7From them, the West learns is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.【答案】what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的賓語從句。本句中is前缺少主語；又根據(jù)句意“從他們那里，西方學到的是中國人獨有的東西，例如風

30、水?！笨芍顆hat。8 comes here to have the meeting will be treated to a wonderful dinner. 【答案】Whoever【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的主語從句。本句中comes前缺少主語；又根據(jù)句意“來參加會議的人都將享受一頓豐盛的晚餐?！笨芍頦hoever。9Wondering it was, Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it impatiently.【答案】who【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的賓語從句?？崭窈蟮木渥尤鄙俦碚Z，又根據(jù)句意

31、“泰瑞，一個來第一次來到這座城市的人想知道他是誰，他急切地走到門口，把門打開了?！笨芍顆ho。2如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that?！舅悸伏c撥】10I wonder first of all what they want, and then wonder _they are so eager to accept advice themselves. 【答案】if/whether【解析】考查副詞性連詞引導的賓語從句。動詞wonder后的句子是賓語從句，根據(jù)此賓語從句中不缺少成分可知空格處需用副詞性連詞。又根據(jù)句意“我首先想知

32、道他們想要什么，然后想知道他們自己是否渴望接受建議。”可知填if/whether。11It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.【答案】that【解析】考查主語從句。本句中it 是形式主語，空格后是真正的主語且是個句子，這個句子不缺少成分。句意：我從來沒有想到過你可以說服他改變主意。It occurred to sb that某人突然想到。故填that。12There is no doubt it is of great help to their study and futur

33、e life.【答案】that【解析】考查同位語從句。There is no doubt that毫無疑問是固定句式，故填that?！?招”妙解短文改錯題1檢查連接詞是否誤用： 尤其注意容易混淆的that與what, that與which, which與what, if與whether; 【思路點撥】1I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots. 【答案】what改為that【解析】考查同位語語從句。根據(jù)句意“我有信心你能學到如何做中國結(jié)?！笨芍猚onfidence后面的句子是同位語從句，且本從句意思完整

34、且不缺少成分，故把what改為that。2Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule in advance. 【答案】that改為whether/if【解析】考查賓語從句。動詞wonder后面是賓語從句，再根據(jù)句意“最重要的是，我不知道你是否方便提前通知我具體的時間表?！笨芍揪湫枰谩皐hether/if”表示“是否”，而that引導賓語從句沒有實際意義，故把that改為whether/if。3How I do every day is to listen to

35、 lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems to be endless. 【答案】How改為what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的主語從句。is前面的句子是主語從句，且do缺少賓語可知需用代詞性連詞，又根據(jù)句意“我每天所做的就是聽講座，記筆記，做作業(yè)，這似乎是沒完沒了的?！惫拾袶ow改為what。4I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since. 【答案】which改為what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的

36、賓語從句。介詞of后面的句子是賓語從句，根據(jù)句意“我也很感激我的爸爸，因為他從那時起就一直在為我做的事?！笨芍褀hich改為what。5Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me. 【答案】that改為what【解析】考查代詞性連詞引導的主語從句。is前面是主語從句，而且that引導主語從句沒有實際意義，不能引導本從句，故把that改為what。句意：每當我想看它的時候，我必須做的就是閉上眼睛，它就會出現(xiàn)在我面前。2檢查連接詞是否漏掉或多余，以

37、及使用連接代詞時從句中是否存在多余的句子成分；【思路點撥】6The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police. 【答案】去掉it【解析】考查賓語從句。由tell sb sth 結(jié)構(gòu)可知“what it had happened”是個賓語從句，what是主語，故it多余。7To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I

38、did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room. _ 【答案】fact后加that【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句意“更糟糕的是，我不得不和一個我不認識的人共用一間雙人房，盡管我已經(jīng)為一間單人房付了錢?！笨芍猼he fact 后面跟的是同位語從句。而同位語從句中引導詞是不能省略的，故在fact后加that。8As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review

39、 that what they have learned. 【答案】去掉that【解析】考查賓語從句。review后面是賓語從句，只能用一個引導詞，而此引導詞在此從句中做主語，故把that去掉。3檢查賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)呼應是否正確。 【思路點撥】9How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. 【答案】what改為who【解析】考查賓從句。介詞on后面是賓語從句，在根據(jù)句意“一個人享受旅行的樂趣在很大程度上取決于他跟誰一

40、起，無論是朋友還是親戚?！笨芍褀hat改為who。10Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything. 【答案】that改為why【解析】考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意“恐怕與其說他是一個實干家，不如說他是個空談?wù)?，那就是為什么他從來沒有完成過任何事情?！笨芍裻hat改為why。模擬訓練一單句語法填空1(2019河北保定、唐山聯(lián)考)I asked him _his father had done so that he became such a good person.【答案】

41、what【解析】句意：我問他他的父親做了什么，使他成為一個如此好的人。設(shè)空處引導賓語從句，作asked的賓語，從句中缺少had done的賓語，指“什么”，因此用what引導該從句。2(2019福建安溪模擬)Success partially depends on _you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.【答案】whether【解析】句意：成功部分取決于你是否有耐心把簡單的事情做得完美。設(shè)空處引導賓語從句，作介詞on的賓語，意為“是否”，故填whether。3(2019山東師大附中模擬)My first task was to

42、decide where to go and _to get there.【答案】how【解析】句意：我的第一項任務(wù)是決定去哪里及如何到達那里。根據(jù)常識可知設(shè)空處表示“如何”，故填how。4(2019山東泰安期中)Students can choose _they want to do and register online.【答案】what/whatever【解析】句意：學生們可以選擇他們想做的(任何)事情并在網(wǎng)上注冊?！癬they want to do”為賓語從句，該從句缺少賓語，故填what或whatever。5(2019湖南岳陽一中檢測)Mr. White is opposed to

43、repairing the old building, and thats _I dont agree.【答案】where【解析】句意：懷特先生反對維修那座舊建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。設(shè)空處引導表語從句，從句中agree 是不及物動詞，其后不能直接接名詞作賓語。故填where在從句中作狀語。6(2019福建福州模擬)The problem is _one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.【答案】that【解析】句意：問題是少睡一小時不等同于額外的一小時的成就。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，is后為表語從句，

44、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整，故填that。7(2019山東臨沂重點中學聯(lián)考)Twentyfive years later the traveler returned to the same place._he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.【答案】What【解析】句意：25年后，這位旅行者回到了同一個地方。他所看到的使他震驚。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。設(shè)空處引導主語從句，且在從句中作賓語，表示事物，所以用What。8(2019福建龍巖五校期中)Therefore, it is advisable _you should value a

45、nd treat them with care.【答案】that【解析】句意：因此人們建議你應該珍惜、謹慎對待它們?！癬you should value and treat them with care”為主語從句，該從句不缺任何成分，故用that引導。9(2019福建福州三中期中)They would appreciate it, to be frank，_the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.【答案】if【解析】句意：坦白地說，如果貨物能夠盡快被運送，他們將會非常感激。would appreciate it if.表示“如果將不勝

46、感激”，it作形式賓語，if引導的是真正的賓語從句。10.(2019廈門一中高三模擬)His success in digital field proved _ it took to be a best CEO 【答案】what【解析】句意：他在數(shù)字領(lǐng)域的成功證明了要想成為最好的CEO所需要的條件。proved后接賓語從句。因為從句中took缺賓語，且該賓語意為“的事物(東西)”，填what。11(2019河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 years ago in _ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazi

47、ng engineering achievement is still used today【答案】what【解析】句意：2,200多年前在現(xiàn)在的中國西南部的四川省，建造的這個驚人的工程至今仍在使用。what引導賓語從句，作介詞in的賓語，同時在賓語從句中作主語。12.(2019廣東省五校高三聯(lián)考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is _ you dont speak at all【答案】when【解析】句意：在日本，人們公認最好的交流是當你什么也不說時。根據(jù)語境可知，此處填when引導表語從句。 二單句改錯1(20

48、19海南?？谡{(diào)研)As students，which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard. _【答案】which改為what【解析】句意：whichwhat解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后至is前的部分為主語從句，引導詞在從句中作repay的賓語，指“什么”，應用what引導。故將which改為what。2(2019唐山模擬)Its a great pity what we wont be able to finish the task on time. _【答案】what改為that【解析】句意：It作形式主

49、語，真正的主語為that引導的從句。3(2019吉林長春監(jiān)測 )That is known to us that respect for ones parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values. _【答案】ThatIt【解析】句意：It is known to us that.為固定句式，表示“我們都知道，眾所周知”，其中It為形式主語，that引導的主語從句為真正的主語，故將That改為It。4(2019江蘇質(zhì)檢)The hope he may recover is not gone yet_【答案】hope后加that【解析】本句中含有同位語從句，其中連接詞that不能省略。故在hope后加that。14