2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero（含解析）新人教版必修1

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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero（含解析）新人教版必修1 一、閱讀理解。 Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships help boost h

2、ealth.That's true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each o

3、ne every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens' closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health.When the researchers a

4、nalyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were mor

5、e likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family ine and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult h

6、ealth as well as teen friendships did. Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.

7、Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1．Where can you probably read this passage? A．Science fiction. B．He

8、alth column. C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper. 2．We can learn from Allen's study that ________. A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed eac

9、h year from 13 to 27 D．the teens who couldn't express themselves grew up to be unhealthy 3．According to what Allen said，we can know that ________. A．in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowd B．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not gi

10、ve up C．teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd. B．Close friendships are the most importa

11、nt for people's health. C．Teen friendships may help teens bee healthier adults. D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】研究表明，與朋友較少或者沒(méi)有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在長(zhǎng)大后更健康。當(dāng)然，與朋友相處也有壞處。 1．B　考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時(shí)的友誼對(duì)青少年成年后健康的影響。據(jù)此可知，本文屬于健康知識(shí)類(lèi)文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專(zhuān)欄”，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段

12、中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults”可知，青少年是否向他們的好朋友表達(dá)情感也會(huì)影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同時(shí)也會(huì)帶來(lái)不利影響，即周?chē)g人帶來(lái)的壓力，這些壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多問(wèn)題。分析Allen的話“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判斷，青少年要應(yīng)對(duì)這些壓力，找到正確

13、的平衡點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵，不能因?yàn)楹茈y找到平衡點(diǎn)就灰心喪氣。故選B。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會(huì)更加健康。C項(xiàng)意為“青少年時(shí)期的友誼會(huì)幫助青少年成為更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there ar

14、e also drawbacks”可知，與朋友相處有好處，但是也有一定的缺點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)與文意不符；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“the most”，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“only”，都太過(guò)于絕對(duì)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other. 答案：where　當(dāng)先行詞是case, position, stage等抽象名詞，且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 2．From my first job at the resta

15、urant, I learned teamwork and ________ (devote)． 答案：devotion　由teamwork and可知，此處填名詞devotion “奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)”，作賓語(yǔ)。 3．When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back. 答案：under　 under attack “受到攻擊”。 4．She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile. 答案：was rewarded　rewa

16、rd sb. with a smile “對(duì)某人報(bào)以微笑”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape ________ (fire) by his boss. 答案：being fired　escape being fired “免于被解雇”。 6．I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad. 答案：(in) reading

17、　have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難”。 7．In some places there are many laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children. 答案：cruelty　空前against是介詞，因此本空填名詞cruelty “殘忍；殘酷”。 8．Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application. 答案：guid

18、ance　give sb. guidance on ... “給某人關(guān)于……的指導(dǎo)或建議”，故此處填名詞guidance “指導(dǎo)”。 9．________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college. 答案：Education　此處應(yīng)用名詞education “教育”作主語(yǔ)。 10．The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student.

19、 答案：death　be sentenced to death “被判死刑”。 三、完形填空。 I promise you, there will never be a perfect time to do anything in your life. 　1　will ever feel 100% certain or make perfect sense to you and everyone else. There will 　2　 be a perfect time to fall in love, or to travel the world. You will never

20、have enough training, enough preparation, or enough money. And 　3　 this, even when you feel ready to take a brave step into the　4　, others will likely try to 　5　 you out of it. Because they won’t feel ready themselves, and your ambition and bravery will 　6　 their levels of fort. But you don’t 　7　 th

21、em an explanation, or any other personal 　8　 you don’t want to make. This is rather difficult to 　9　 at first. Waiting to feel 100% ready or sure is the 　10　 way in which we cheat ourselves out of wonderful life experiences. I challenge you to 　11　 free yourself from this self-limiting state of mi

22、nd. Book that plane ticket, even if you feel lots of 　12　. Sign up for that educational course, even if you have no idea 　13　 it will go. Trust me when I tell you it will all e together for the　14　. When you achieve your dreams with　15　, when you meet them with mental and physical devotion, you　

23、16　 your trust in the act of LIVING. You make your dreams a 　17　 instead of line items on a list. And that’s good because your dreams are 　18　 to experience. You have to 　19　 them out in the real world to know if they’re possible and worthwhile adventures in the long run. As you 　20　 on this new j

24、ourney of living, remember that some people around you will naturally be taken aback. But as long as you aren’t hurting them, you don’t owe them anything that takes away your power to move forward with your life. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了在我們的生活中永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)完美的時(shí)間去做任何事情。所以我們應(yīng)該想做就做, 不要顧慮太多, 當(dāng)我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)新的生活之旅中前進(jìn)時(shí), 我們才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它帶

25、來(lái)的驚喜。 1. A. Something　　　　　　 B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文說(shuō)在你的生活中永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)完美的時(shí)間去做任何事情?？芍湟? 沒(méi)有什么能讓你和其他人擁有100%確定的或完美的感覺(jué)。故選B。 2. A. never B. always C. occasionally D. forever 【解析】選A。從來(lái)都沒(méi)有一個(gè)可以去戀愛(ài)和去世界各地旅行的完美時(shí)候。故選A。 3. A. despite　　 B. for　　 C. from　 　 D. after

26、【解析】選A。這里的盡管如此是指上文提到的沒(méi)有時(shí)間去戀愛(ài)、去旅行等。despite盡管, 故選A。 4. A. impossible B. unknown C. beautiful D. true 【解析】選B。盡管如此, 即使你準(zhǔn)備勇敢地踏入未知世界。unknown未知的, 故選B。 5. A. help B. cheat C. talk D. get 【解析】選C。其他人也可能會(huì)試圖說(shuō)服你放棄它。help幫助; cheat欺騙; talk談話、勸說(shuō); get得到。故選C。 6. A. improve B. remove C. in

27、crease D. challenge 【解析】選D。因?yàn)樗麄冏约翰粫?huì)覺(jué)得自己準(zhǔn)備好了, 你的雄心和勇敢會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)他們的舒適度。也就是你的做法讓他們不舒服。improve提高; remove移除; increase增加; challenge挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。 7. A. offer B. give C. allow D. owe 【解析】選D。但你不欠他們一個(gè)解釋。offer提供; give給; allow允許; owe欠。故選D。 8. A. excuse B. decision C. sacrifice D. profit 【解析】選C

28、?；蛘吣阋膊槐刈龀鋈魏文悴幌胱龅膫€(gè)人犧牲。excuse借口; decision決定; sacrifice犧牲; profit利潤(rùn)。故選C。 9. A. refuse B. grasp C. admit D. confirm 【解析】選B。這一點(diǎn)很難掌握?！斑@一點(diǎn)”是指找到合適的時(shí)機(jī)做自己的事, 無(wú)需向他人解釋。refuse拒絕; grasp抓住、掌握; admit承認(rèn); confirm證實(shí)。故選B。 10. A. hardest B. bitterest C. easiest D. dullest 【解析】選C。等待自己感到100%準(zhǔn)備好

29、了或很肯定時(shí)再去做是一種最簡(jiǎn)單的欺騙自己去錯(cuò)過(guò)精彩人生經(jīng)歷的辦法。 hardest最困難的; bitterest最苦的; easiest最容易的; dullest最遲鈍的。故選C。 11. A. automatically B. casually C. vainly D. consciously 【解析】選D。我要讓你有意識(shí)地讓自己擺脫這種自我限制的心態(tài)。automatically自動(dòng)地; casually隨意地; vainly徒勞地; consciously有意識(shí)地。故選D。 12. A. uncertainty B. fort C. anxiety

30、 D. hopelessness 【解析】選A。訂下那張飛機(jī)票, 盡管你感到了很多的不確定性。uncertainty不確定; fort舒適; anxiety焦慮; hopelessness無(wú)希望。故選A。 13. A. how B. when C. why D. whether 【解析】選A。報(bào)名參加那個(gè)教育課程, 即使你不知道會(huì)怎么樣發(fā)展。故選A。 14. A. worse B. better C. closer D. deeper 【解析】選B。當(dāng)我告訴你一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的時(shí)候, 請(qǐng)相信我。 15. A. difficul

31、ty B. doubt C. intention D. success 【解析】選C。當(dāng)你有意識(shí)地去實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想時(shí), 當(dāng)你以精神和肉體的投入去面對(duì)它們時(shí), 你就把你的信任投入到生活的行動(dòng)中去了。difficulty困難; doubt懷疑; intention目的; success成功。故選C。 16. A. carry B. remove C. experience D. invest 【解析】選D。carry攜帶; remove移除; experience經(jīng)歷; invest投資, 投入。故選D。 17. A. reality

32、 B. priority C. burden D. relief 【解析】選B。你優(yōu)先考慮你的夢(mèng)想而不只是紙上談兵。reality現(xiàn)實(shí); priority優(yōu)先權(quán); burden負(fù)擔(dān); relief安心。故選B。 18. A. meant B. listed C. realized D. entitled 【解析】選A。那很好, 因?yàn)槟愕膲?mèng)想就意味著體驗(yàn)。mean意味著; list列出; realize意識(shí)到; entitle使有資格。故選A。 19. A. check B. bring C. work D. test 【解析】選D。

33、你必須在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中測(cè)試它們, 以確定它們是否有可能, 并且值得長(zhǎng)期冒險(xiǎn)。check核對(duì); bring帶來(lái); work工作; test測(cè)試。故選D。 20. A. wander B. rest C. progress D. hesitate 【解析】選C。當(dāng)你在這個(gè)新的生活之旅中取得進(jìn)展時(shí), 記住: 你周?chē)囊恍┤俗匀粫?huì)大吃一驚。wander閑逛; rest休息; progress進(jìn)步, 前進(jìn); hesitate猶豫。故選C。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in

34、 face of failure. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉our　lose heart “失去信心”，為固定搭配。 2．She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey. ________________________________________________________ 答案：make→making　be equal to “勝任……”，其中to是介詞。 3．Thousands of people turned

35、 to watch yesterday's match against Ireland. ________________________________________________________ 答案：turned后加up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。 4．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big pany. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉when　The first time在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 5．Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake. ________________________________________________________ 答案：we前加did　“only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”放句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。