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1、個(gè)人情況.單詞拼寫 1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒險(xiǎn)) again.(2018天津)2.The industry has also taken aim(目標(biāo)) at the product that has appeared as its replacement.(2018浙江)3.The proposal attempts(嘗試) to deal with what some call the “
2、death valley” of autonomous vehicles.(2017天津)4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all.(2018天津)5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances(機(jī)會(huì)) are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.(2018江蘇)6.It is well worth making an effort(努力) to pr
3、omote the public awareness of environmental protection.7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓勵(lì)) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble.8.In view of his educational background and experience(經(jīng)歷), no one doubts his suitability as a leader.9
4、.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “l(fā)ikes”.(2018江蘇)10.Though he had tried to overcome(戰(zhàn)勝) his shyness, he didnt make it in the end.11.For this purpose(目的)，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.(2018全國(guó))1
5、2.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(掙扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018江蘇).單句語法填空1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.(2017全國(guó))2.J.K.Rowling donates 30 million to
6、 help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children.3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.4.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident(confidence) about her skills.5.He was
7、disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult).6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.(2017江蘇)7.For this courier job，youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is pot
8、entially(potential) going to save somebodys life.(2016全國(guó))8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016四川)9.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition(ambitious)，energy and luck m
9、ade Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018浙江)10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應(yīng)) throughout a community.(2018江蘇).單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.My aim is to the world of literature and the world of great writers to cultivate my mind.2.The boys made attempt to leave for camp
10、ing but were stopped by their parents.3.The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable pre-historical rock paintings by the chance.4.All the noise makes it hard for me to fully concentrate the book Im trying to read.5.Thanks to the support of her friends and
11、relatives，her dream of establishing a shelter for the disadvantaged has been come true.6.Driverless cars may end up a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.(2017天津).選詞填空1.Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected.2.This gene
12、rous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly.3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children.4.It was my English teacher who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning.5.To mak
13、e progress at a reasonable rate，youll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano.6.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018全國(guó))7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choos
14、e from，I cant make up my mind which to choose.8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run.9.China is taking pains to ensure the action taken to protect the environment effectively. 10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and a
15、t a lower cost.同義詞語替換1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of exploring different scenery.realize2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort3.Surprisingly，there is little evidenc
16、e to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support4.I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on5.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promo
17、te (1)achieve ones aims/goals達(dá)到目標(biāo)achieve success獲得成功(2)achievement n.成就；功業(yè)；完成；達(dá)到a sense of achievement成就感make great achievements取得巨大的成功(1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感).(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(實(shí)
18、現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想).(2016江蘇)(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥achievement作“完成，達(dá)到”解時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞；作“成就，功績(jī)”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。 (1)attempt to do.嘗試(試圖)做(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing.嘗試做at the first attempt第一次嘗試(3)attempted adj.未遂的(1)In an attempt to encourage t
19、he students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.(2)Police say theyre treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次嘗試). (4)同義句改寫They at
20、tempted to climb (climb) that hill.They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill. (1)avoid doing.避免做(2)avoidable adj.可避免的(1)Deaths caused by careless driving are avoidable (avoid).(2)CCTV says that a storm will hit our city.In order to avoid being caught(catch)，we must take our raincoat with
21、 us.(3)單句改錯(cuò)She avoids on dark streets at night.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥(1)avoid后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式，且后不接that從句。(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企圖避免”，應(yīng)用try to avoid。challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)；難題；質(zhì)疑vt.挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑(1)meet/face/issue a challenge應(yīng)對(duì)/面臨/發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)(2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn)(做)某事(3)challenging adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的；有吸引力的challenged adj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的(1)She gav
22、e him a challenging (challenge) look. “Are you really sure？” she demanded.(2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call(call) an election.(3)I challenged him to a game of tennis.熟詞生義選擇句子中challenge的漢語意思(4)I did not think he was right，so I challenged him. A A.質(zhì)疑B.駁斥C.挑戰(zhàn)cost v.使付費(fèi)；價(jià)錢為；
23、使損失n.價(jià)格；費(fèi)用；代價(jià)(1)at the cost of以為代價(jià)at a cost of以的費(fèi)用/價(jià)格at any cost(at all costs) 以任何代價(jià)，不惜一切代價(jià)(2)cost sb. sth. 使某人失去(1)We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan.我們必須不惜一切代價(jià)阻止他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own life.他從大火中救出了他
24、的女兒，但卻犧牲了自己的生命。(3)He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.他花500美元買下了這架鋼琴。(4)One mistake cost him his job.一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤讓他丟了工作。desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物vt.希望得到；想要(1)have a strong desire(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事desire that.(should) do.渴望(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得擁有的；可取的(1)He desir
25、ed to bring(bring) back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country.(2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.(3)一句多譯他母親希望他成為一名老師。His mother desired him to be/become a teacher.His mother desired that he (should) be/become a teacher. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥desire不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)
26、態(tài)，后接賓語從句或同位語從句，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。 (1)devote.to.把致力于，專心于devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.摯愛的；忠實(shí)的，忠誠的be devoted to致力于；獻(xiàn)身于；熱愛(3)devotion n.奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)照；忠誠(1)Most children long for and need a loving，devoted(devote) and responsible father.(2018黑龍江哈爾濱三中二模)(2)Only when we realize the importance
27、 of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.句式升級(jí)(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)Devoted to community activities，he was pr
28、aised by the people around.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保n.保證；擔(dān)保；保修單(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保證某人某事guarantee to do sth. /that.保證做某事；確保be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定會(huì)；必定會(huì)(2)under guarantee在保修期內(nèi)give sb. a guarantee that.向某人擔(dān)保/保證(1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.(2)The car is less than a year old，so
29、 it is still under guarantee.(3)一句多譯我們保證在一周內(nèi)將貨物送到。We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；簡(jiǎn)單句)We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；復(fù)合句)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.) insist on/upon (doing) sth. 堅(jiān)持(做)某
30、事insist that.堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)決要求(1)The doctor insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated(operate) on immediately.(2)一句多譯他堅(jiān)持要我同他一起去。He insisted that I (should) go with him.He insisted on me/my going with him.He insisted on it that I (should) go with him.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥(1)insist表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)
31、，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣；表示“堅(jiān)決主張，堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should) do”。(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接動(dòng)名詞，遇此情況要用insist on/upon。insist后也不接帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)manage to do設(shè)法做manage it能做到manage sth. 經(jīng)營(yíng)/管理(2)succeed in doing.成功地做成了try to do.努力做(不一定成功)(1)Later，engineers managed to construct(construct) railways in a system of deep
32、 tunnels，which became known as the Tube.(2017全國(guó))(2)The box is heavy，but I can manage it(拿得動(dòng)). (1)prove sth. to sb. 向某人證明某事prove (to be)n./adj.證明是；結(jié)果是(prove為系動(dòng)詞)provethat/wh- 從句證明It is proved that.經(jīng)證明(2)proof n.證明；證據(jù)同義句改寫(1)The report proves its truth.The report proves it to be true.The report proves
33、 that it is true.句式升級(jí)(2)This method is proved to be more efficient.(用it作形式主語改寫)It is proved that this method is more efficient.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥prove用作不及物動(dòng)詞，具有連系動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，其后可接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(主要是to be，且to be可省略)等。 (1)reflect.in在中映出的影像be reflected in倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon反省/思考某事(2)reflection n.C映像；反映；U反射；思考，考慮be lost
34、in reflection陷入深思中on reflection再三考慮(1)She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water.(2)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on (upon)/reflecting on (upon)(思考) before we act.(3)一句多譯你對(duì)服飾的選擇反映了你的性格特點(diǎn)。Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v.)Your choice of
35、 clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n.)reward v.酬謝；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞n.獎(jiǎng)金；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而獎(jiǎng)賞/酬謝某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物獎(jiǎng)賞/回報(bào)某人(2)in reward for為獎(jiǎng)賞；為報(bào)答as a reward for作為對(duì)的獎(jiǎng)賞/回報(bào)(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意義的(1)Last weekend, I fixed up a wooden flower shelf for my fami
36、ly when Dad was away on business, which was really a rewarding(reward) experience.(2)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016北京)學(xué)生們一直努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的付出最終會(huì)獲得成功的。(3)Id like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness
37、.我想做點(diǎn)什么來報(bào)答她的好意。risk vt.冒的危險(xiǎn)n.危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒著的危險(xiǎn)(2)at risk處于危險(xiǎn)之中at the risk of doing sth. 冒著的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒著的危險(xiǎn)(3)risky adj.危險(xiǎn)的一句多譯(1)他受到了贊揚(yáng)，因?yàn)樗爸ｋU(xiǎn)撲滅了大火。He was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he took/ran
38、 the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.(2)同義句改寫I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.I wondered if I was putting my life in danger. go over復(fù)習(xí)go out出去；熄滅go against違背；違反go up上漲；上升go ahead前進(jìn)；干吧；說吧go withou
39、t沒有也可應(yīng)付；將就寫出下列句子中g(shù)o through的漢語意思(1)He went through many difficulties, which didnt cast him down. 經(jīng)歷(2)Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.通過，穿過(3)It didnt take Albert very long to go through his money.用完(4)She went through the companys accounts，looking for evidence of fraud(欺詐).檢查；審核
40、(1)owe sb. sth. owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把歸功于某人owe it to sb. that./to do.把歸功于某人(2)owing to由于(1)My English teacher is such a great soul，to whom I owe many thanks.(2)I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.(3)Owing to the bad weather(由于天氣不好)，this mornings flight will be delayed. be/get stuck in陷入
41、；困在中stick out伸出；探出；醒目，顯眼stick by忠于；遵守；繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持stick up for支持；維護(hù)(1)All his life，he was stuck(stick) in his house taken care of by his mother.(2018黑龍江哈爾濱六中二模)(2)Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.(2017全國(guó))(3)Carefultheres a nail sticking out of(突出) that board. (1)before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語
42、從句，除了表示“在之前”以外，還可以表示“(之后)才；不久就；不等就”。(2)句型歸納：It wont be.before.用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就會(huì)(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))It will be.before.得過多久才(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))It wasnt.before.沒過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就(before從句用一般過去時(shí))It was.before.過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才(before從句用一般過去時(shí))(1)The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.(2017全國(guó))結(jié)果是人們?cè)谶€沒真正需要停止前就停止駕駛了
43、。(2)It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就學(xué)會(huì)了使用計(jì)算機(jī)。(3)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會(huì)，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。Dont admit defeat until you really have to.不到萬不得已就不要承認(rèn)失敗。(1)until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么這個(gè)主句需用肯定式；若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not.unt
44、il.結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)在not.until.句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒裝語序。(3)not.until.句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為：It is/was not until.that.。(1)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世紀(jì)初期他的音樂才能才完全被認(rèn)可。(2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until w
45、e have actually had that lesson.我們很難汲取生活中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，直到我們真正得到了這一教訓(xùn)。句式升級(jí)(3)I didnt pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒裝句)It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(2016江蘇，
46、D)Not so long ago，most people didnt know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then
47、eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacki
48、ng.He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years later at Jamaicas Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly-Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaicas unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“
49、Where did she come from？” asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder.At the Beijing Olympics she swep
50、t away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little w
51、oman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one-room apartment
52、，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings；one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she l
53、ived.Sometimes her family didnt have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes.Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first
54、baby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everyt
55、hing.It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by crimin
56、als and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the worlds toughest crim
57、inal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I have so much fire burning for my country，” Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight
58、to make it a womans as well as a mans world.As Muhammad Ali puts it，“Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.65.Why did Stephen Francis decide
59、 to coach Shelly-Ann？A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stephen Francis.was convinced th
60、at he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.”和“he sensed there was something trying to get out.”可知，Stephen Francis教練感受到了她的巨大潛力。66.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A.She would become a promising star.B.She badly needed to set higher goals.C.Her sprint
61、ing career would not last long.D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“.sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.”可判斷出，短跑界認(rèn)為她的短跑生涯不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。67.What made Maxime decide t
62、o train her daughter on the track?A.Her success and lessons in her career.B.Her interest in Shelly-Anns quick profit.C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Maximes early.gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would n
63、ot end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track.”可知，母親Maxime希望女兒擺脫貧困，所以決定讓女兒進(jìn)行跑步訓(xùn)練當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。68.What can we infer from Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B.She was eager to do more for her country.C.She became an athletic star in her country
（全國(guó)）2020高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題版主題語境 Unit 4 個(gè)人情況（四）講義
