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1、1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的，因為在很早很早以前地球就形成了。2.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwithaBigBangthatthrewmatterinalldirections.然而，一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。3.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbo
2、dies.然后，原子開始形成并結(jié)合成恒星和其他天體。Par 1第1頁/共43頁第2頁/共43頁第3頁/共43頁第4頁/共43頁1.ForseveralbillionyearsaftertheBigBang,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.大爆炸后好幾十億年過去了，但地球還只是一團塵埃。2.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到3845億年前，這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的
3、球狀物。3.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球（開始）變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。Par 2第5頁/共43頁第6頁/共43頁第7頁/共43頁4.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearthsatmosphere.它（地球）猛烈地爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了碳，氮氣，水
4、蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。5.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.更為重要的是，地球冷卻了下來，地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。第8頁/共43頁第9頁/共43頁第10頁/共43頁1.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.在火星這些其他行星上都出現(xiàn)了水，但和地球不同的是，這些水后來都消失了。2.Itwasnotimmediatelyo
5、bviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水對于生命的發(fā)展會起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點在當時并不明顯。3.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。4.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossiblef
6、orlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。Par 3第11頁/共43頁1.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.好幾百萬年后，水的表面開始出現(xiàn)了極小的植物。2.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.他們繁殖起來就使得海洋
7、充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類及其他各種魚類后來的進化創(chuàng)造了條件。3.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.接著，綠色植物開始出現(xiàn)在陸地上。4.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.隨后，陸地上出現(xiàn)了動物，其中有一些是昆蟲，另外一些叫兩棲動物，他們既能在陸上生活，也能在水里生存。Par 4第12頁/共43頁第13頁/共43頁第14頁/共43頁5.Laterwhentheplant
8、sgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.后來，當植物長成了森林的時候，爬行動物首次出現(xiàn)了。6.Theyproducedyoungentirelybylayingeggs.他們一般是通過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。7.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.再后來一些叫做恐龍的巨型動物出現(xiàn)了。8.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.他們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。9.However,65m
9、illionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.然而，六千五百萬年前，恐龍時代結(jié)束了。第15頁/共43頁第16頁/共43頁10.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.他們?yōu)槭裁磿蝗粶缃^至今仍是個謎。11.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.恐龍的滅絕使地球上哺乳動物的增多有了可能。12.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthto
10、youngbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.這些動物不同于以往所有的生物形態(tài)，因為他們能從體內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。第17頁/共43頁1.Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.最后，大約260萬年前，一些小巧聰明，長著手腳的動物出現(xiàn)了，他們散布在地球的各個地方。2.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsonthe
11、planet.于是，他們接著成為這個行星上最重要的動物。3.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.然而，他們對地球卻不怎么在意，Par 5第18頁/共43頁4.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。5.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometo
12、ohottoliveon.因此，許多科學(xué)家相信地球可能會變得太熱而不適合生物生存。6.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)，取決于這個問題能否得到解決。第19頁/共43頁第20頁/共43頁主語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當主語叫主語從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：連接詞： that(無詞義) whetherThat he will come and help us is certain.Whether
13、we stay or not makes no difference.連接代詞:who(ever) whom what(ever) which(ever) whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.連接副詞：when where how whyWhen and where the test will be given is not decided.第21頁/共43頁1. 引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞是不能省略的。 That the earth is round is true2. That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將th
14、at-從句置于句末，例如：It is true that the earth is round.結(jié)構(gòu)：第22頁/共43頁a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯b. It + be + p.p.+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信It is known to all that從所周知It has been decided that已決定第23頁/共43頁c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句It is commo
15、n knowledge that 是常識It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實是d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起第24頁/共43頁2.表示“是否”意義時，一般用whether 而不用 if引導(dǎo)主語從句， Whether she will come or not is still a question3.有時可用形式主語it 代替主語從句：e.g. It is still a question whethe
16、r she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .第25頁/共43頁4.無論主語從句有多長，一般做單數(shù)處理。e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet. . 注意： 以what開始的主語從句如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，系動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens.第26頁/共43頁 1.It is obvious to the students _ they should
17、get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that2. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who練一練！第27頁/共43頁 3.It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C.when D. whether練一練！第28頁/共43頁 _ l
18、eaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It第29頁/共43頁 賓語從句一
19、個句子在復(fù)合句中充當賓語就叫賓語從句連接詞： that(無詞義) whether ife.g. I dont know whether (if)you are willing to help me . 連接代詞：what(ever) who(ever) whose which(ever) 等連接副詞： when where how why等第30頁/共43頁特別提示1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些詞或詞組如hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel lik
20、e, appreciate, take(認為),rely on, dont mind等，習(xí)慣上后面跟it做形式賓語，再接賓語從句。I take it that you will agree with us.第31頁/共43頁3.在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中，為了保持句子平衡，用it作形式賓語，而將從句放在句尾。常帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些動詞后的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣，如insist，order，request，sugge
21、st等。I suggested that we (should) start before 5 o clock.第32頁/共43頁5.必須用whether 引導(dǎo)， 不可用if:1). 從句后有or not 時，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not .2). 介詞賓語通常用 whether 引導(dǎo): It depends on whether he is coming or not . 3). 后接動詞不定式時。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4).discuss 后面的賓語從句解釋為是否
22、用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something at once.第33頁/共43頁5)主語從句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表語從句和同位語從句The question is whether we can get thereon time .7)當it做形式主語whether / if 都可引導(dǎo)主語從句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend th
23、e meeting.第34頁/共43頁6. 用who，whom, which(ever), whose,when,what(ever), where, why, how, whoever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。 Do you know how old he is?I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支
24、持。第35頁/共43頁7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。第36頁/共43頁如果主句主語為第一人稱反意疑問句常與從句的主語和謂語保持一致；其他情況看主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to Australia, has she? 我認為她沒去澳大利亞，是嗎？I dont beli
25、eve that he can translate this book, ? She thinks that her husband is the best one in the team, ？can hedoesnt she第37頁/共43頁1. Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.2. Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.3. Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?doubt問題肯定句中用肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用否定句中用 that疑定句中用疑定句中用 that1. I doubt _h
26、e is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.if/whetherthatthatif/whether第38頁/共43頁賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略： （1）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省； （2）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句 Eve
27、ryone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.賓語從句第39頁/共43頁1.He asked _ for a violin（MET1992） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or sh
28、e wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever 第40頁/共43頁4. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; wh
29、at we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along第41頁/共43頁6. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that第42頁/共43頁感謝您的觀看。第43頁/共43頁
高一英語必修三 UNIT 課文詳解PPT課件
