（全國）2020高考英語大一輪復(fù)習 話題版主題語境 Unit 5 工作與職業(yè)講義

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1、 Unit 5 工作與職業(yè).單詞拼寫 1.The study raises the possibility(可能性) that dieting is bad for your health.2.The Center offers programs designed to challenge(挑戰(zhàn)) and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.(2018北京)3.Students are encouraged to take control(控制) of their own learning, rather than just dependin

2、g on the teacher.4.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake(承擔) voluntary work and what keeps their interest in the work.5.In order to impress at a job interview，you need to bond with the interviewer(主持面試者) right away.6.Catherine was supposed to go with me.But she may have to work

3、extra(額外的) hours tomorrow.7.Any given performance(表演)takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers，musicians，or writers to create an appealing piece of art.8.I paused to catch my breath and then positioned(使自己站在) myself to take the best photo of this panorama.(2017天津)9.A recommendation

4、 letter is often your earliest written contact with a potential(潛在的) employer, creating a critical first impression.10.The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July in order to promote(推動) the development of robotics.(2018天津).單句語法填空1.The appointment(appoint) wa

5、s given to Tom，mainly for political reasons.2.Painters，digital media experts，photographers，booking agents and promoters are hired(hire) to sell tickets and promote the event.(2018江蘇) 3.Medium color choices are generally(general) furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.(2018全國)4.M

6、ore than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment(employ) in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.(2018北京)5.Becky,12 at the time，adjusted(adjust) to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.6.Hes been given six month

7、s to live if he doesnt quit drinking(drink).7.The architecture(architect) in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new. 8.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.(2016全國)9.They also provide educatio

8、nal(educate) programs on fire safety in the residence halls.(2018天津)10.Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design) approach this important point.(2018全國).單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1. by his last letter，she must be from Shanghai.2.Stern put Travis in the charge of t

9、he research team.3.All traffic controllers are threatening to go on a strike.4.Im looking forward to the art gallery next week.5.Our teacher required that we attention to our handwriting.選詞填空1.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best un

10、iversities in China.(2018北京)2.As we look ahead，lets remember what in the end were working to achieve.3.I was occupied with going over my lessons for my final exam when he phoned to invite me out for dinner.4.Within a short time，however，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parent

11、s.5.I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean floor.(2016浙江)6.Such is Dadwhatever problem he meets with，he never gives up.7.Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced

12、to ruins，the city took on a new look.8.The factory laid off 100 workers last month because of the bad situation.同義詞語替換1.Caroline doesnt have a gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work.musical ability2.Owens came in and took control of the situation.took charge of3.Space exploration may

13、help us avoid possible issues on earth.potential problems4.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.cooperation5.The questions in a job interview are usually designed to find out how the candidates handle the tricky situations in the past.deal with6.

14、He always dreams of becoming an expert in the field of agriculture.in the area of apply vt.涂；敷；應(yīng)用；運用vi.申請；請求；使用；專心致志(1)apply (to sb. ) for sth. (向某人)申請某物apply to適用于apply sth. to sth. 把某物應(yīng)用/涂抹于apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于(2)application n.申請(書)；應(yīng)用applicant n.申請人(1)The new technology，if applied(apply) to

15、rice growing，will help increase the grain output.(2)Applicants(apply) are required to have a degree in dance area，teaching experience at a professional or college level，ability to direct and teach stage movement.(2018河南南陽模擬)(3)He has applied to the school for scholarship.句式升級(4)If you apply yourself

16、 to the job in hand，youll soon finish it.Applying yourself to the job in hand，youll soon finish it.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)Apply yourself to the job in hand，and youll soon finish it.(用“祈使句and陳述句”改寫) (1)appoint sb. as/to be.任命某人為appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointment n.約會；預(yù)約；任命，委任by appointment按照約定have/m

17、ake/fix an appointment (with sb. )(與某人)預(yù)約/約會keep/break an appointment守/違約(3)appointed adj.指定的；約定的(1)The manager appointed him to receive(receive) the businessman.(2)They ignored the appointed(appoint) time and left their homes only after the fixed time.(3) Good morning，Mr Lees office.Good morning.Id

18、 like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京)(4)A new engineer was appointed(appoint) to deal with the products returned by customers.(2018北京西城區(qū)模擬)句式升級(5)He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a speech on the platform now.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)Ap

19、pointed as president of the university yesterday，he is giving a speech on the platform now.易錯點撥表示委任某人擔任某職務(wù)時，要分清兩種情況：(1)若指的是抽象的職位(如position，office，presidency，chairmanship等)，則用“appoint sb. to抽象職位”。(2)若指的是具體的某職位(如headmaster，manager，chairman，president等)，則用“appoint sb. (to be/as)具體職位”。如：Who shall we appo

20、int (to be/as) chairman of the club？Who shall we appoint to the chairmanship of the club？我們派誰擔任俱樂部的主席呢？ (1)earn ones living謀生earn sb. sth. 使某人得到(2)earnings n.收入；工資；利潤(1)The companys earnings(earn) have dropped by 5% in the first quarter.公司第一季度的利潤下降了5%。(2)He used to earn his living by fishing.他過去靠打漁為

21、生。(3)His honesty has earned him respect.他的誠實已經(jīng)為他自己贏得了尊敬。 (1)employ sb. to do.雇用某人做employ.as.雇用當employ oneself in (doing).從事，忙于be employed in (doing).從事，忙于(2)employment n.雇用；職業(yè)；就業(yè)in employment在業(yè)，有工作out of employment失業(yè)(3)employer n.雇主，老板employee n.雇工，雇員(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an

22、 easy atmosphere where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.(2)John has been out of employment(失業(yè)) for three years.句式升級(3)He was employed in reading and he didnt see Tom come in.Employed in reading，he didnt see Tom come in.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)Employing himself in reading，he didnt see Tom come in.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短

23、語作狀語改寫) hire vt.雇用；租用n.U租用；雇用(1)hire out出租(2)on hire已出租for hire供出租(1)At work，it is IQ that gets you hired(hire) but it is EQ that gets you promoted.(2)There is a growing tendency among employers to hire(hire) casual staff.(3)There were motorcycles for hire. (1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform s

24、b. that.通知某人(2)informed adj.消息靈通的；見多識廣的keep sb. informed of/about.隨時通知某人；使某人知道(1)On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.(2018全國)(2)He has been informed(inform) that he doesnt qualify for the scholar

25、ship because of his academic background.(2017江蘇)(3)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about(通知我們) his delay in case we got worried.(4)同義句改寫He informed the company of the ships safe arrival.(改為復(fù)合句)He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely.易錯點撥inform后不接雙賓語，也不用于inform sth. to

26、sb. 。要表示“告訴某人某事”，通常用inform sb. of/about sth. 。inform的賓語通常只能是人，所以當后接從句時，其前的sb. 不能省略。 (1)She worked hard and was promoted(promote) from a saleswoman to a middle manager.(2)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.熟詞生義選擇句子中promote的漢語意思(3)They are

27、 promoting their new products on television. A A.推銷；促銷B.促進C.提升 (1)recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推薦某物recommend sb. for/as/to be.推薦某人為recommend doing sth. 建議(勸告)做某事recommend sb. to do sth. 勸告某人做某事recommend that.(should) do.建議(2)recommendation n.推薦；建議；介紹信(1)Can you recommend a good dictionary to me? (2)I wo

28、uld never recommend using(use) a sunbed on a regular basis.(3)I will be glad if you can consider my recommendation(recommend).一句多譯(4)我建議他買這本書。 I recommend him to buy this book. I recommend that he (should) buy this book. 同義句改寫(5)What is recommended in the regulation is that one should not tell other

29、 people the password of his/her e-mail account.It is recommended in the regulation that one should not tell other people the password of his/her e-mail account. (1)take responsibility for對有責任；對負責It is sb. s responsibility to do sth. 做是某人的職責。a sense of responsibility責任感(2)responsible adj.負責的，可靠的；負有責任

30、的，應(yīng)負責任的be responsible for對(某行為)負責；是的原因(1)Its important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly(responsible).(2)It was her responsibility that all members (should) be informed(inform).(3)同義句改寫We are the ones who are responsible for our life and future.We are the ones who take responsibility for

31、our life and future.熟詞生義選擇句子中responsible的漢語意思(4)The chemical is directly responsible for those deaths. C A.盡責的B.懂道理的C.引起的易錯點撥responsibility后接that從句時，從句通常要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用(should) do。 (1)require sth. of sb. 要求某人某事require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事sth. require(s) doing/to be done某事需要It is required that.(shoul

32、d) do.要求(2)requirement n.要求；必要條件；需要meet/satisfy ones requirements滿足某人的要求(1)The minimum requirement(require) for the post was a degree in engineering.(2)They were required to give(give) quick responses.(3)His house requires repairing/to be repaired(repair).(4)It is required that all members (should)

33、be(be) present.(5)The new task requires hard efforts of us.易錯點撥(1)require表示“需要”，接含有被動意義的非謂語動詞時，不定式用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，而動名詞用主動結(jié)構(gòu)，即require to be done或require doing。(2)require后的賓語從句，requirement后的表語從句、同位語從句通常要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用(should) do形式。 quit doing.停止做quit office/ones job離職quit school輟學(xué)(1)Doctors are doing research t

34、o find out what happens physically when people quit smoking(smoke).醫(yī)生正在做研究，以找出人們戒煙時身體會發(fā)生什么。(2)The boy quitted school and found a job to support his family.那個男孩輟學(xué)了，找了份工作養(yǎng)家。(3)He said that if he quit the job，he would lose his drive to work and succeed.(2018浙江)他說如果辭職，他就會失去工作和取得成功的動力。熟詞生義選擇句子中quit的漢語意思(

35、4)He quitted Paris after a month. C A.中斷B.償清C.離開易錯點撥quit后接名詞或動名詞作賓語，不能接不定式作賓語。 (1)be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事keep sb. occupied使某人忙碌(2)occupy oneself with sth. /(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事(3)occupation n.工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)(1)Teaching and doing housework keep her occupied(occupy) every day.(2)I suppose I wa

36、s looking for an occupation(occupy) which was going to be an adventure.(3)一句多譯當我進來的時候，學(xué)生們正忙著做作業(yè)。When I came in，the students were occupied with/(in) doing their homework.(occupied)When I came in，the students were occupying themselves with/(in) doing their homework.(occupy)When I came in，the students

37、were busy with/(in) doing their homework.(busy) look down on/upon看不起look into調(diào)查；研究；向里面看look through瀏覽；仔細查看；審核look up向上看；查閱look up to尊敬，敬仰look back on回憶，回顧look at注視；看待(1)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.Im looking forward to receiving(receive) your earlie

38、st reply.(2)The day that he had been looking forward to came(come) at last.(3)He looked forward to see(see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd. take after與相像，效仿take for把當成；誤以為take in吸收，接納；理解，領(lǐng)會；欺騙take off脫下；(飛機等)起飛；(事業(yè)等)騰飛；大受歡迎take over接管，接任take up占據(jù)；開始處理，從事；開始做；繼續(xù)根據(jù)語境用take短語的正確形式填空(1)She took

39、 up the story where Tim had left off.(2)Dont be taken in by the advertisement.It doesnt tell the truth.(3)Last year，his son took over the family business after his death.(4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.(5)She really takes after her mother.They seem like sisters.(6)Some insects

40、 take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. (1)in charge of掌管(表狀態(tài))in the charge of被掌管；由負責free of charge(for free)免費(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯罪charge sb. some money for sth. 因某物收某人錢(1)She is charged with murdering her husband./She is accused

41、of murdering her husband.(2)He charged me 20 yuan for the postcard.(3)同義句改寫Mr Bell is in charge of the class.The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class作主語改寫)Mr Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改寫)易錯點撥類似in charge of，in the charge of的短語：Id appreciate it if you would give me the op

42、portunity.Im looking forward to your early reply.如果你給我這次機會我將感激不盡，盼望你早日答復(fù)。(1)此處的it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(2)在英語中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞，如enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等接when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在it之后。(3)see to，depend on，count on等由動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，先加形式賓語it，再接that 從句。(1)I w

43、ill appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.(2017全國)如果你能在你方便的時候盡快給我回信我將不勝感激。(2)You can depend/rely on it that he will complete the task on time.你要相信他會按時完成任務(wù)的。I do hope the chance is coming quite soon.我真心希望機會快快到來。“do/does/did動詞原形”構(gòu)成強調(diào)句，意為“確實，的確”，用來加強謂語動詞的語氣，但須符合以下條件：(

44、1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時；(3)只能用來強調(diào)謂語動詞，若強調(diào)主語、賓語、表語、狀語等，則應(yīng)用It is/was.that/who.進行強調(diào)。(1)He does enjoy listening to classical music.他的確喜歡聽古典音樂。(2)Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要來呀。(3)He did write to you last week.上周他的確給你寫信了。(2017浙江)How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview

45、is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story，think about the topic a

46、nd develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” 32 Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was

47、wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged. 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten m

48、inutes.As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer，you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 If yo

49、ur news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people，be polite.C.If you dont own a camera，you can buy one.D.For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful r

50、esults，ask them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.31.答案D解析解本題可用句意判斷法。由空格后的But以及can be easy可以反推，該空講的應(yīng)該是街頭采訪并非易事。選項D “對于新手記者，這可能像是一項有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)”符合語境。32.答案G解析解本題可用詞匯鎖定法。本段說去采訪前要列出大約

51、十個與采訪話題相關(guān)的問題，并在空前給出例子“Why do you think.？”，選項G中“With a question like this”中的question指的就是這個問句。33.答案B解析解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法?？崭窈蟮摹癊xcuse me”以及“I was wondering if you could.”都體現(xiàn)了采訪者的禮貌。這與選項B“當你接近人們時，要有禮貌”前后照應(yīng)。34.答案A解析解本題可用設(shè)題位置法。顯然，該空要填本段的段落小標題。根據(jù)空格后的“你在街上的每次采訪都不應(yīng)超過十分鐘”可知進行街頭采訪時要控制好時間。故選項A符合語境。35.答案F解析解本題可用詞匯鎖定法。選項

52、F “這一數(shù)量的采訪應(yīng)該能給你所需要的全部答案”中的“That number of interviews”與空格前的“A safe number of interviews to conduct(采訪的保險數(shù)量)”前后照應(yīng)。.宏觀把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò)通過閱讀文章可知，本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了進行街頭隨機采訪的若干技巧。街頭采訪對于新手記者來說可能是一大挑戰(zhàn)，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的幾個技巧來做，你也可以完美地完成任務(wù)。本文采取的是“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)形式：第一段提出論點：街頭采訪對于新手記者來說可能是一大挑戰(zhàn)，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的幾個技巧來做，你也可以完美地完成任務(wù)。后面

53、幾段是作者提出的五條建議的具體內(nèi)容。.微觀排障長難句分析The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.句式分析：該句是一個復(fù)合句，其中in which引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句。翻譯：街頭采訪是指記者帶著一名攝影師在街頭隨機采訪。.詞匯積累1.the man-on-the-street interview街頭采訪2.tip n.建議3.story n.新聞報道4.think abo

54、ut考慮，思索5.topic n.主題6.relate to與有關(guān)7.environmental protection環(huán)境保護8.warm up(使)活躍起來，(使)熱情起來段首設(shè)空并不難，找準主題句是關(guān)鍵本文34題屬于七選五閱讀題中最常見的在段首設(shè)空的題目，那么選擇的通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。本題我們根據(jù)空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.”可知這段要求我們采訪時要限制時間。故A項為本段主題句

55、。當七選五閱讀題在句首設(shè)空時，還可能存在以下兩種情況：1.屬于段落間的過渡句。這時要前瞻后望找提示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾能夠有機地銜接起來，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。2.與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一、二句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句之間會有某種銜接手段，尤其是當選項是幾句話時。比如，如果選項中出現(xiàn)時間、年代時，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 (2016全國)If you feel stressed by responsibi

56、lities at work，you should take a step back and identify(識別) those of 61.greater(great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62.achievement(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63.is(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more

57、focused 64.on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 65.as possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66.studies(study) show that we are far

58、 more productive at work if we take short breaks 67.regularly(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68.a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 69.to bring(bring) your work home.It could

59、 be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is,70.make(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.61.答案greater解析考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)后面的and less可知，此處也要用比較級形式。62.答案achievement解析考查名詞的用法。固定表達sense of achievement“成就感”。63.答案is解析考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語為動名詞短語leaving the

60、 less.，動名詞作主語時謂語要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，且這里說的是一個客觀事實，故要用is。64.答案on解析考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。固定短語be focused on“專心于，集中于”。65.答案as解析考查固定表達。正是因為人們早晨的注意力更為集中，所以我們要早點兒開始，在午餐前盡可能地做到高效。固定表達as.as possible“盡可能”。66.答案studies解析考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞show可知，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。67.答案regularly解析考查副詞的用法。如果我們定時短暫休息的話。此處修飾動詞短語take short br

61、eaks，故要用副詞形式。68.答案a解析考查不定冠詞的用法。讓你的身體和大腦休息一會兒。固定表達for a while“一會兒”。69.答案to bring解析考查不定式的用法。固定表達be likely to do.“很可能做某事”。70.答案make解析考查祈使句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，故謂語要用動詞原形。.宏觀把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò)通過閱讀文章可知本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是當我們在工作中感到壓力巨大時，應(yīng)該如何合理地釋放這些壓力。內(nèi)容涉及優(yōu)先處理最重要的事情；上午盡量保持高效；工作期間定時短暫休息等。在解題時緊緊圍繞這條主線，速讀全文，掌握大意，理順邏輯，然后

62、細讀文章做題。 文章的脈絡(luò)如下：.微觀排障長難句分析It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，make sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.句式分析：該句是一個but連接的并列句，在第二個分句中whatever引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句。翻譯：這可能是任何事情園藝勞動、做飯、聽音樂、體育鍛煉但是無論是什么，切記從日常壓力中解脫出來而不是去擔心另一件事。.詞匯積累1.feel stressed感到有壓力2.responsibility n.責任3.task n.任務(wù)4.a sense of achievement成就感5.be focused on專心于，集中于6.productive adj.具有創(chuàng)造性的，效率高的7.as.as possible盡可能8.get through度過9.take short breaks 短暫休息10.be likely to do.很可能做某事有根可尋攻克提示類語法填空1.括號內(nèi)提供的是動詞首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后根據(jù)以下兩點進行