三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語真題分項匯編 專題09 定語從句（含解析）

三年（2017-2019）年高考真題分項匯編專題09 定語從句 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】 21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進入到了一個時代，在這個時代夢想實現(xiàn)的機會最大。句中先行詞為an age（一個時代），且先行詞在從句中做時間狀語，所以關系詞用when。 故選C。2.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一個定語從句，先行詞是the stage，關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，用關系副詞where，故選B。3.【2019·新課標I卷·短文改錯】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞one afternoon表示時間在定語從句中作狀語，所以關系詞使用when。故將where改為when。4.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。5.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關系詞填who。6.【2019·新課標III卷·短文改錯】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy  themselves in the historical environment  is created for them. 【解析】本句考查定語從句。先行詞environment 在從句中做主語，指物，關系代詞用that/which。故 把what改為that/which。7.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導。故填that/which。8.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：學生在大學里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學）更重要。這里表達去哪所大學，表示地點，作狀語。故用where。9.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學中獲益最多的學生是那些完全投入學術生活的學生。_3_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車去上班，這有助于她們保持健康?！癬 helps them keep fit”是非限制性定語從句，該從句修飾整個主句，引導詞在從句中做主語，故該從句應用關系代詞which引導。A選項正確。點睛：非限制性定語從句即可修飾主句的一部分，也可以修飾整個主句。其引導詞的選擇和限制性定語從句的判斷規(guī)則一致，即：第一、找準先行詞；第二、看先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引導非限制性定語從句。2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句關系詞。句意：凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了。我們在大學的時候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限定性定語從句中作名詞sister的定語，故用關系代詞whose。故選C。點睛：本題考查定語從句。定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需抓住兩點：1.找準先行詞；2.看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關系詞。3.【2018·江蘇】23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關系副詞where，相當于in which。故選B。點睛：本題考查定語從句。定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需抓住兩點：1.找準先行詞。2.看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關系詞。4.【2018·新課標I卷·語法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。4.【2018·新課標I卷·短文改錯】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】 which改成in which或where【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。他們還有一個小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pond是先行詞，其在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用in which或where。5.【2018·新課標II卷·語法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。6.【2018·新課標II卷·語法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關系代詞who/that引導，故填who/that。三、2017年高考真題1.【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。_ we meet in our daily lives是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems，用that?？键c：考查定語從句?！久麕燑c睛】定語從句的關系詞分為關系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關系副詞（when, where, why等）。1. 關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當主語、賓語，定語等成分。關系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，關系代詞可省略（非限定性定語從句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定語從句中，關系詞均不可省略。注意關系代詞that, 關系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語從句。4. 作介詞賓語的關系代詞 在限制和非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞作介詞賓語，即介詞+關系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2017·江蘇】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項目”的目的之一是，whose在定語從句中作定語，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國建立了世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問題?？键c：考查定語從句3.【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】試題分析：本句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是My eldest son, 根據(jù)句意和空后名詞確定引導詞在從句中作定語，選項中只有whose修飾名詞作定語。故選B?？键c：考查定語從句?！久麕燑c睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關系詞的辨析，關系代詞that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語;whose做定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應的關系詞。2016年高考真題1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查定語從句的關系詞。a couple是先行詞，這對夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關系，故用whose作定語，whose children相當于the children of whom，故選A。考點：考查定語從句2.【2016·江蘇】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作為介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠地區(qū)追求它們的夢想，其中大部分人都是受過良好教育。故C正確?！久麕燑c睛】“of whom / which”引導的定語從句：在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞作為一個整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”的關系時，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但與表示所屬關系不同，這里不能用whose來代替of which。一、表示整體中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我揀起那些蘋果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋，六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復得的。二、表示所屬關系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 這是一項其細節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的the details of which=whose details?？键c：考查定語從句3.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：關于人類為什么哭的時候會流淚，科學家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個被證明了。使用定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用代詞+介詞+關系代詞which引導。故選B?？键c：考查定語從句。【名師點睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關系詞的辨析，關系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應的關系詞。如果是代詞+of+關系代詞，注意先行詞是人用whom，先行詞是物用which。4.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】試題分析： 句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好。使用定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時間狀語。故選D。考點：考查定語從句?！久麕燑c睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關系詞的辨析，關系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應的關系詞。 8