（新課標）2020屆高考英語一輪復習 專題三 閱讀理解 考點二十一 說理議論類（含解析）

《（新課標）2020屆高考英語一輪復習 專題三 閱讀理解 考點二十一 說理議論類（含解析）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《（新課標）2020屆高考英語一輪復習 專題三 閱讀理解 考點二十一 說理議論類（含解析）（18頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點二十一　說理議論類 A 限時7分鐘 I recently came in contact with celebrity magazines． My family isn't one to give money for pictures of skinny, drunk celebrities with paragraphs about their relationships and shopping cart times． Thus, I was excited to finally get a chance to read about other people's attrac

2、tive yet troubled lives． Right away I noticed how each magazine seemed to be a copy of the other． They had headlines and pictures that were almost the same． Still, the pictures of perfectly constructed faces with cute designer outfits going on with their daily lives made me read on． Wait, celebrit

3、ies taking their dogs for a walk? Spending an afternoon at a park? All of these things seemed so ordinary—things my own family and I do together often． I suddenly realized how unextraordinary the people in these magazines were． They are simply normal people who happen to have a cool job and much mon

4、ey． For some reason, pictures of them doing things like buying milk at the store appeal to millions of readers． Then, when these regular people mess up, their mistakes are painted onto hundreds of newspapers and Internet sites． What if every time we made a mistake, it was made public? Have you ever

5、 failed a test? Imagine seeing pictures of you on the front of a newspaper with headlines like, “Regular Schooling Isn't Enough”． You'd be embarrassed． Now, I'm not necessarily taking the celebrity's side． I'm more realizing the fact that these people we are crazy about are just ordinary human being

6、s with many photographs following them around． Role models? I'd think not． Personally, I'd rather look up to people in any community who have accomplished a lot instead of an ordinary person walking his dog in Berverly Hills． 1．What do we know about the author's family? A．They admire celebrities

7、 very much． B．They often buy celebrity magazines． C．They are not interested in celebrities． D．They are curious about the life of celebrities． 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可推知，作者家人對名人的八卦新聞不感興趣，故選C。 2．What does the author think of celebrities? A．They live a happy life． B．They seldom do usual things． C．T

8、hey deserve people's admiration． D．They are just ordinary people like us． 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，作者突然明白，名人都是些普通人，只不過他們從事著看似光鮮、收入豐厚的工作，故選D。 3．Who is most likely to be the author's role model? A．Celebrities who live an ordinary life． B．Common people who do great things． C．Extraordinary people w

9、ho accomplish a lot． D．People who make great contributions to communities． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，作者更喜歡以那些雖生活在社區(qū)里，但能做出不平凡事情的普通人為榜樣，而不是那些雖生活在Berverly Hills而事實上很平庸的人，結合選項可知選B。 4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the actual life of celebrities． B．To ask us to be real

10、istic about others' mistakes． C．To show people's different attitudes towards celebrities． D．To advise us to have a right attitude towards celebrities． 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文可知，在作者看來名人只不過是受大家關注的普通人，我們需要以正確的態(tài)度去看待他們，故選D。 B 限時8分鐘 In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm f

11、rom the traditional business model is on the rise． Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm． People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways． That

12、 means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products． In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources． Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries． According to a recent study, the global market for lowcarbon energ

13、y will become three times bigger over the next decade． China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution． It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making

14、 electric cars and highspeed trains． In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest． In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%．

15、 Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets． First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy． Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development． Finally, govern

16、ments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one． The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the li

17、mits of this single planet． That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries． 5．According to Paragraph 1, we cannot infer that the traditional business model ________． A．makes the world warmer B．makes growth hard to continue C．brings severe damage to

18、 forests D．consumes natural resources 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm”可排除A、C兩項；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“People now realize that this unhealthy ．．． in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways．”可知，傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)模式不能確保可持續(xù)發(fā)展，因此要改變傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)展模式，故排除B項。故D項符合題意。 6．What can we infer fr

19、om Paragraph 2? A．Highspeed trains are a lowcarbon development． B．China is the leader of the lowcarbon market． C．China lacks wind and solar energy． D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests． 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句和第四句中的“and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and

20、highspeed trains”可知，高鐵屬于低碳的發(fā)展模式。故A項正確。 7．To fully develop the lowcarbon markets, government can ________． A．cut public expenses B．encourage energy conservation C．develop public resources D．forbid carbon emission 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“and targets for saving and reusing energy”可知，為了充分開發(fā)低碳市場，政府

21、可以鼓勵節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用能源。故B項正確。 8．We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________． A．make full use of natural resources B．explore new natural resources C．develop sustainable products D．deal with the major challenge 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段尾句中的“it offers abundant new chances

22、for sustainable product industries”可知，C項正確。 C 限時8分鐘 To Friend or Not to Friend We all love our parents and turn to them when we're in need, but would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have become ex

23、tensions of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with latest technology and parents were left behind, con

24、tent to continue their daytoday lives as they always had because they had no need to know more about technology． However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives． This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselv

25、es about social networking sites． These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there's also a certain amount of control over privacy that we don't get in real life． Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a

26、 “friend” request from a parent or family member． It's a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives． On the one hand we don't want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide． On the other

27、hand if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did before． A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn't take it personally if their child ignores their request, “When a teen ignores a parent's friend request, it

28、doesn't necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be independent．” Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list． 9．From Paragra

29、ph 2, we learn that ________． A．parents feel secure about their privacy online B．social networks successfully fill the generation gap C．parents have realized the importance of social networks D．social networks offer a platform for parents to communicate 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段后兩句可知，父母已經(jīng)意識到社交網(wǎng)絡的重要性

30、。故選C。 10．Teenagers may refuse a parent's friend request because ________． A．they hide something from their parents B．they are unwilling to be watched by parents C．their parents tend to fall behind technology D．their parents make negative comments on them 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，青少年可能會拒絕父母加好

31、友的請求，因為他們不愿意被父母監(jiān)視著自己的一舉一動。故選B。 11．The passage is mainly about ________． A．privacy online B．social networks C．the generation gap D．parents' friend requests 答案：D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，全文主要講了現(xiàn)在很多父母進入社交網(wǎng)站，希望加孩子為好友，但是這樣的要求往往被孩子拒絕，分析了其中的原因，并進一步對孩子們提出忠告。故選D。 12．The passage is written mainly

32、 for ________． A．parents B．teenagers C．teachers D．researchers 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“We all love our parents and turn to them when we're in need”以及最后一段給青少年的建議可知，本文的寫作對象是廣大青少年。故選B。 D 限時8分鐘 When asked to identify the qualities that lead to success in life, experts often list the abil

33、ity to overcome obstacles． Getting over the difficulties, through determination and persistence, is the characteristic of the greatest leaders, the most successful parents and the most prized employees． Those who make no excuses, who do whatever it takes to get something done, are the ones who have

34、the capacity to achieve greatness． In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students' needs． It's our job to teach them． But to truly help them be successful, we ourselves have to have the “no excuses” attitude． The problem is that by allowing ourselves no excuses, and doing whatever it take

35、s to make students successful, we often find ourselves accepting excuses from them． Students don't complete an assignment, and we give them a second chance． A test is failed and we provide a chance to retake it, or do test corrections for extra credit． But there's always a reason for a child's beha

36、vior． It's important to understand the reason, but it's equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse． There's a girl in my class with terrible handwriting． “Maybe if I had a mother who had taught me that, I would have better handwriting！” she says． She has been in and out of foster

37、 care (寄養(yǎng)照管) for years． She has an explanation for her bad handwriting, but when does it become an excuse that reduces her ability to communicate for the rest of her life? We must understand the kids and work to find ways for them to succeed． Simultaneously (同時), we must draw lines, set limits, sh

38、ow them the difference between right and wrong． The real work is figuring out when we stop letting reasons be excuses, and start to teach kids about taking responsibility for themselves． Maybe there is failure on the path to success． Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that

39、 he cannot cross． 13．The example of the girl in Paragraph 4 shows that ________． A．children can't tell a reason from an excuse B．children need to improve their ability to communicate C．children's behavior is greatly affected by their parents D．children have reasonable explanations for their b

40、ehavior 答案：A　推理判斷題。結合第三段尾句中的“but it's equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse”可知，原因不等于借口，女孩的例子正是說明了孩子們往往無法辨別借口和原因，故選A。 14．What is a teacher's real work in the author's opinion? A．To show kids the difference between right and wrong． B．To help kids become responsible for thems

41、elves． C．To set specific limits to the behavior of kids． D．To meet the needs of different kids． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，一個教師真正的工作是弄清楚什么時候不再讓理由變成借口，并開始教孩子們要對他們自己的言行負責，故選B。 15．What does the author try to express in the last paragraph? A．Children should try to avoid failure． B．Failure may benefit

42、 children in the long run． C．Children should be careful on their way to success． D．Failure is easy to conquer if children are confident． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross．”可以推斷，從長遠來看，讓孩子經(jīng)歷失敗并不一定是壞事，孩子們能從中受益，故選B。 16．The passa

43、ge is probably written by ________． A．a(chǎn) working parent B．a(chǎn) college student C．a(chǎn)n experienced teacher D．a(chǎn) newspaper reporter 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students' needs． It's our job to teach them．”以及第四段首句“There's a girl in my class with terrible handwrit

44、ing．”可推知，這篇文章很可能是由一個有經(jīng)驗的教師寫的。 A 限時15分鐘 (2018·北京高考) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world． Well, the future is apparently now． The California Department of Motor Vehi

45、cles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads． The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services． California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here． Com

46、panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country． It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads． But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how

47、the transformation is regulated． While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility

48、 options． The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared． Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles． They tolerate

49、 long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread． They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking． Instead of walking

50、 a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the selfdriving minibus． The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ridehailing (叫車) services． A study from the University of California at Davis sugges

51、ted that replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric, selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基礎設施) and operations 40% by 2050． Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appeal

52、ing． The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services, considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (責任與維護問題)． But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people be

53、come comfortable with the technology． Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today． The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and

54、 states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably． The car of the future is coming． We just have to plan for it． 1．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________． A．help deal with transportationrelated problem

55、s B．provide better services to customers C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，盡管到目前為止，大多數(shù)爭論都集中在無人駕駛汽車的安全性上(理應如此)，政策制定者們也應該討論無人駕駛汽車如何能幫助緩解交通擁堵、減少尾氣排放，并提供更方便、更實惠的交通選擇。同時結合第三段第一句可推知，作者認為應該關注無人駕駛汽車能如何幫助處理跟交通有關的問題。故選A。 2．As for driverles

56、s cars, what is the author's major concern? A．Safety． B．Side effects． C．Affordability． D．Management． 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，作者認為政策制定者應開始思考如何保證無人駕駛汽車的出現(xiàn)不會擴大當今以汽車為主導的交通運輸系統(tǒng)的最消極的一面，由此可推知，作者關心的是無人駕駛汽車的管理。故選D。 3．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Employed．

57、 B．Replaced． C．Shared． D．Reduced． 答案：A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可推知，目前無人駕駛汽車價格高昂，且大眾對該技術的接受度低，再結合畫線詞所在句的含義可知，考慮到自動駕駛技術的成本以及責任和維護問題，可以猜測，叫車服務將使用首批商用無人駕駛汽車。由此可推知，field意為“使用”。故選A。 4．What is the author's attitude to the future of selfdriving cars? A．Doubtful． B．Positive． C．Disapproving． D．Sympat

58、hetic． 答案：B　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段最后三句可知，即將到來的技術進步為城市和國家發(fā)展交通系統(tǒng)提供了機會，這種交通系統(tǒng)的目的是讓更多的人能夠更經(jīng)濟地出行。未來的汽車就要來了。我們只須為它做好計劃。由此可推知，作者對無人駕駛汽車的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選B。 B 限時10分鐘 ⊕(2019·合肥市高三調研性測試)It's not just kids who are overdoing screen time． Parents are often just as guilty of spending too much time checking smart phones and ema

59、ils． And the consequences for their children can be troubling． Dr Jenny Radesky is a pediatrician (兒科醫(yī)生) specializing in child development． When she worked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighborhood, Radesky started noticing how often parents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile device． Rad

60、esky was so concerned that she decided to study the behavior． After relocating to Boston Medical Center, she and two other researchers spent one summer observing 55 different groups of parents and young children eating at fast food restaurants． “Many of the caregivers pulled out a mobile device rig

61、ht away，” she says． “They looked at it, scrolled on it and typed for most of the meal, only putting it down occasionally．” This was not a scientific study． Radesky is quick to point out． It was more like anthropological (人類學的) observation, complete with detailed field notes． Forty of the 55 parent

62、s used a mobile device during the meal, and many, she says, were more absorbed in the device than in the kids． Radesky says that's a big mistake, because facetoface interactions are the primary way children learn． “They learn language, they learn about their own emotions, and they learn how to re

63、gulate them，” she says． “They learn by watching us how to have a conversation, and how to read other people's facial expressions． And if that is not happening, children are missing out on important development milestones (里程碑)．” In the research for her book, SteinerAdair interviewed 1,000 childre

64、n between the ages of 4 and 18, asking them about their parents' use of mobile devices． The language that came up over and over and over again, she says, was “sad, mad, angry and lonely．” SteinerAdair says we don't know exactly how much these mini moments of disconnection between a parent and child

65、 affect the child in the long term． But based on the stories she hears, SteinerAdair suggests that parents think twice before picking up a mobile device when they're with their kids． 5．What did Dr Jenny Radesky find in a Seattle neighborhood? A．Parents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile de

66、vice． B．High technology made people's life more convenient． C．Children took a much keener interest in smart phones． D．Parents were worried about their children's development． 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“When she worked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighborhood, Radesky started noticing how often parents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile device．”可知，Jenny Radesky博士在社區(qū)里發(fā)現(xiàn)了父母玩手機而忽略孩子的現(xiàn)象，故選A。 6．How did Radesky do her research? A．By interviewing the caregivers． B．By analyzing data from a cl