2020年高考英語 必考點(diǎn) 專題08 主謂一致（精講深剖）（含解析）

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1、專題08主謂一致精講深剖真題速遞單句語法填空1.（2019全國I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。2.（2018全國I卷）While runni

2、ng regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming. 【答案】is【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本文介紹了跑步的好處，通篇以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。本句中賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且賓語從句中的主語為it，故用is。3.（2017全國I卷）Fast food (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people

3、will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】is【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)行文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語fast food(快餐)是不可數(shù)名詞短語，故填be的第三人稱單數(shù)形式is。單句改錯(cuò)1.（2018全國III卷）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well. 【答案】include改為includes?！窘馕觥靠疾橹髦^一致。該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主

4、語為that，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2.（2016全國卷II）He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. 【答案】was改為were【解析】考查主謂一致。本句中的賓語從句的主語是we，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與其保持一致也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把was改為were?？季V解讀2019考綱要求：掌握 主謂一致 的原則和用法。近五年全國高考試卷對主謂一致的考查重點(diǎn)在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)上。了解主謂一致的概念（謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和主語保持一致），掌握主謂一致三原則：1. 語法一致原則2. 意義一致原則3. 就近一致原則知識梳理一.語法一致原則1.

5、單數(shù)主語,單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 A student is studying English.一個(gè)學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。 To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)?！究碱}印證】（2016全國II卷）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow （be）often acceptable.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，故填is。（2014遼寧高考）The ear

6、ly morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. 【答案】have 改為has【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是“The early morning barking ”，一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，故把have 改為has。句意：清晨的吠聲一直困擾著我們，因?yàn)槲覀兘?jīng)常整晚都要照顧孩子。2. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞、代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All the students are clever.所有的學(xué)生都很聰明。They like English very much

7、.他們非常喜歡英語?！究碱}印證】（2014陜西高考）Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey look like rain！ 【答案】was改為were【解析】考查主謂一致。本句主語是the arrows，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其后面的謂語一個(gè)與其保持一致，故把was改為were。句意：突然，箭從天上向我們飛來-它們看起來像雨一樣！3. 用and或bothand 連接的單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語及主語從句作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both my father and my mother are farmers.

8、我的父母都是農(nóng)民。What I think and what I do have been fairly in disagreement.我的想法和我所做的都有相當(dāng)大不一致。注意：當(dāng)and連接的詞表示同一個(gè)人、事、物、概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The poet and writer has come.那個(gè)詩人兼作家已經(jīng)來了。4. 主語后緊跟as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to 等時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要與句子的主語保持一致

9、。 Nobody but my parents knows the secret.除了我的父母沒人知道這個(gè)秘密。 The teacher as well as students is excited.老師學(xué)生都很興奮。 The students as well as the teacher have learned to drive a car . 學(xué)生和老師都學(xué)會了開車。5. either、neither、no、each、every、many a、 more than one 后加單數(shù)名詞。any、some、no、 every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。either, neith

10、er, each單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Everybody is here.全都到了。 Either of the parents is important to me.父母對我都很重要。 Many a boy have made that mistake.很多男孩犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。6. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)of+名詞/代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Two-thirds of the students come from countryside.三分之二的學(xué)生來自鄉(xiāng)下。 Ninety percent of the work has been done. 百分之九十

11、的工作已經(jīng)完成。7.定語從句中的主謂一致。與先行詞一致I, who am your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.我，也是你的老師將和你分享快樂和憂愁。 which/as代替一句話內(nèi)容,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)As is known, she is kind.眾所周知，她很善良。 one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式; the only/exact one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句,從句中的謂語用單數(shù)形式。8. 從句作主語時(shí)的主謂一致what 從句作主語應(yīng)根據(jù)表語來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。What hed

12、like most for a birthday present is a car.他最想要的生日禮物是一輛車。What we badly need here are some English teachers.這里最需要的是英語老師。以who ,why, how, whether 或 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。二. 意義一致原則1. 集體名詞family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體

13、看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的各個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 My family is a large one.我的家是一個(gè)大家庭。 My family like playing cards.我的家人喜歡玩撲克。 The public is the best judge。公眾是最好的裁判。 The public are invited to express their opinions.公眾被邀請表達(dá)他們的看法。2. 表示時(shí)間，重量，長度，金錢，數(shù)目等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)即把主語作一個(gè)整體來看。 Three hours is enough to do the work.三

14、個(gè)小時(shí)來做這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。 Forty miles is a long distance.四十英里是一段長距離。注意：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)過了多少時(shí)日，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Five years have passed.五年過去了。3. 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時(shí)，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。e.g. Physics is a funda

15、mental subject in science.物理是一門理科基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科4. 其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題英語中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses, pincers, pliers, scissors, shorts, suspenders, trousers等，這類名詞做主語，如果不帶“一把”、“一副”等單位詞，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。5. 當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each，every, no或者many a 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。e.g. Each student and each teacher has been given a task.

16、每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師都被給與一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.每朵花和每棵草都要被修剪。6. The + adj. 原級用于指人時(shí)（ the old, the rich ，the poor ),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若指東西，抽象概念或個(gè)人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g.The young are usually active.年輕人通常很活躍。 The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美的東西往往給人以愉悅。7. none作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可，且以復(fù)數(shù)更普遍。 None of t

17、hem have/has failed.他們都成功了。 None have/has arrived yet.還沒有人到達(dá)。 None money of the money is mine.這些錢都不是我的。8. 有些單詞如：who, most, all, the rest, half, some 等即可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞隨其意義而定。9. 有些名詞如：deer, sheep, means,works, species, people等用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，謂語動(dòng)詞隨其含義而定。 This glass works was built in 1978.這玻璃建筑建成于1978年。 E

18、ast of the city are two steel works.這座城市的東部有兩個(gè)鋼鐵建筑。 The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.中國人民勇敢又勤勞。 The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working.中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。10. a/this/that + kind of +名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果主語是kinds（types) of+名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞of+ a ( this, that）kind時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The kind of appl

19、es sell well.這種蘋果很暢銷。 Men of this kind are dangerous . 這種類型的人很危險(xiǎn)。11. 主語是a large/small quantity of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果是“l(fā)arge (great) quantifies of +名詞（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。也就是說謂語動(dòng)詞隨quantity單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 There is a large quantity of apples on the farm。農(nóng)場里有大量的蘋果。 Large quantities of water are needed here.這里需

20、要大量的水。12. a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A number of workers are out of work.大量的工人失業(yè)。The number of the students in our school is eight thousand.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是8，000.13. 兩數(shù)相減或相除,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three.60減17等于43. Six and eight m

21、akes/make fourteen.6加8等于14.三. 就近一致原則謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語。1. 由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。You or she is good at English.你或他英語好。2. 以here, there開頭的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式看后面的主語而定，如果主語不止一個(gè)，謂語動(dòng)詞于最近的主語保持一致。 Here is some bread.這有些面包。There is a pen and three penci

22、ls on the desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和三只鉛筆。1. 如果主語由 “one in/one out of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 構(gòu)成，在正式語體中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.g. One in ten students has passed the examination.十分之一的學(xué)生通過了考試。One out of twelve bottles was left open.十二分之一的瓶子都空了。2.表示數(shù)量的one and a half+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)精講“3視角”巧解語法填空題1.看主語人稱，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式【思路點(diǎn)撥】1. The design on th

23、e back (show) the yellow-eyed penguin, one of the worlds rarest penguins?！敬鸢浮縮hows【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是“The design” ，是單數(shù)名詞，其后面的的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，故填shows。句意：背部的圖案告訴了我們世界上最稀有的企鵝之一黃眼睛企鵝。2. Having traveled from China through Kazakhstan, Russia Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France for 18days, the train f

24、inally arrived in London. Inside the 68 containers (be） household goods, clothing,cloth, bags and suitcases?！敬鸢浮縜re【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是倒裝句，真正的主語是“household goods, clothing,cloth, bags and suitcases”，是 and連接的多個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞故用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。句意：從中國經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭、德國、比利時(shí)和法國旅行18天，火車終于到達(dá)了倫敦。在68個(gè)集裝箱內(nèi)裝載的是家居用品、服裝、布、袋子

25、和手提箱。2.看充當(dāng)主語的詞(短語)，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式(1)看到主語為動(dòng)名詞短語/to do不定式或從句，要想到:謂語應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式;(2)看到“分?jǐn)?shù)(/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語，要想到謂語的數(shù)取決于名詞。【思路點(diǎn)撥】 3. Two-fifths of the land in that district （cover）with trees now, about 80% of which (plant)in the 1990s.【答案】第一空，is covered；第二空were planted【解析】考查主謂一致和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第一空所在的句子是主句，其主語是“ Two-fifths of

26、 the land in that district”，是分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，其后面的謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞保持一致，又根據(jù)句意“那個(gè)地區(qū)五分之二的土地現(xiàn)在被樹木覆蓋，其中大約80%的樹木在上世紀(jì)90年代被種下的。”可知此處該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填is covered。第二空的主語是“about 80% of which”，而“which”指代的是前文“trees”，根據(jù)第一空的分析以及句意可知此處該用復(fù)數(shù)謂語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填were planted。 4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts (cause) hearing loss in some teena

27、gers over the years.【答案】has caused【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語是“Listening to loud music at rock concerts”，是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語，其后面的謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)形式，又根據(jù)句末的時(shí)間狀語“over the years”，可知該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填has caused。句意：多年來，在搖滾音樂會上聽著高分貝的音樂導(dǎo)致了一些青少年的聽力損失。3.看到 there be等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到用就近一致原則【思路點(diǎn)撥】5. Not only Jasper but also his friends (be)planning to go,

28、 because they have never been there before.【答案】are【解析】考查主謂一致。not onlybut also連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)做主語要遵循就近原則，又根據(jù)句意“不僅賈斯珀，而且他的朋友也打算去，因?yàn)樗麄円郧皬奈慈ミ^那里?！笨芍颂幪頰re。6.There (be) also many small universities with only a few hundred students.【答案】are【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動(dòng)詞要遵循就近原則，故填are?！?原則”妙解短文改錯(cuò)題1.通過“語法一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)

29、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。(3)單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(4)主語后跟有with， together with， as well as等引起的并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(5)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義的詞，如news， maths， plastics physics作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】 1. Compared wi

30、th online games, many traditional games, like hide-and-seek, benefits kids mentally and physically.【答案】benefits改為benefit【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是 many traditional games，是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把benefits改為benefit。句意：與網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲相比，許多傳統(tǒng)游戲，比如捉迷藏，對孩子們的身心都有好處。2. Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, are going t

31、o visit Beijing this summer. 【答案】are改為is【解析】考查主謂一致。主語Dr Smith后跟有together with引起的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)仍要與其保持一致。故把a(bǔ)re改為is。句意：史密斯博士和他的妻子和女兒今年夏天將訪問北京。2.通過“意義一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有: family， class， team，group, public, committee, government, audience(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/

32、 the majority+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義;all，some，half，most， the rest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】 3. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing. 【答案】needs改為need【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是“two-thirds of the buildings ”，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式，其后面的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與其保持一致，故把ne

33、eds改為need。4.98% of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to thecoastline. 【答案】are改為is【解析】考查主謂一致。本句的主語是98% of the surface，是百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)做主語謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于名詞的形式。故把a(bǔ)re改為is。 3.通過“就近一致”原則解決主謂一致問題由 either.or. neithernor. not onlybut also等連接的并列主語或者在

34、there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】 5. There was a large number of people and the train was crowded, but everyone helped those who had lots of bag-gage and behaved politely. 【答案】was改為were【解析】考查主謂一致。本句and前面的句子是there be 句式，本句式謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。故把was改為were。句意：那里有很多人，火車也很擁擠，但是每個(gè)人都幫助那些行李多的人，都是彬彬

35、有禮。6. Here come your opportunity: the Student Union will organize a Poetry Writing Contest. 【答案】come改為comes【解析】考查主謂一致。以here, there開頭的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式看后面的主語而定。故把come改為comes。模擬訓(xùn)練1.（東北三省四市2019屆高三第一次模擬）There is also a restaurant car, though the kinds of food _ (be) limited. 【答案】are【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：高鐵上有餐車，盡管食物

36、種類有限制。分析句子可知，本句主語為kinds，復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，陳述一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用are。2.（吉林省遼源市普通高中2019屆高三第二次模擬）Co-sponsored by AESA, America East Shandong Chamber of Commerce and Confucius Education Foundation Inc, the festival _ (feature) recitation of the“Di Zi Gui，”【答案】features【解析】考查主謂一致。此處指這個(gè)節(jié)目以背誦弟子規(guī)為特色，與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

37、，主語是the festival是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填features.3.（山東省濟(jì)南市2019屆高三第一次模擬考試）The difference is that most Chinese paper-cuts are red，while those in other countries _ (be)often made in many other colors.【答案】are【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：不同之處在于，中國的剪紙通常是紅色的，而其他國家多是其他顏色。分析句子可知，本句主語為those，復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。4.（廣東省2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國

38、統(tǒng)一考試模擬試） Everybody_(assume) that s because the weather is cold. 【答案】assumes【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：為什么俄羅斯人喝那么多酒?每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為那是因?yàn)樘鞖饫洹＞渥佑靡话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，且主語是不定代詞Everybody，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，故答案為assumes。5.（湖南省岳陽市2019屆高三第二次模擬）The T-Watch Tactical Watch _ (be) ready for the “combat” of daily life.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：如今T-Watch Tacti

39、cal Watch手表準(zhǔn)備接受日常生活中的損耗。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語，主語為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)，故用is。6.（山東省日照市2019屆高三第一次模擬考試）According to experts，the key to the Forbidden Citys strength，as well as other ancient Chinese structures，_ (1ie)in dougong(斗栱)a centuries-old building method invented in China. 【答案】lies【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：專家表示，故宮和其他中國古代建筑的實(shí)力，關(guān)鍵在于斗拱中國發(fā)明的一種有數(shù)百年歷史的建筑方法。主語是the key，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填lies。11