河北省南宮中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ)《unit1 Friendship》第四課Period 4 Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修1

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1、Period 4 Grammar 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I): statements and questions. 【知識(shí)導(dǎo)學(xué)】 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 陳述句 一般疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)句 【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】 一、將所給直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞： 1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _______ _______ having supper. 2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina ___

2、____ me that she _______ _______ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he sa

3、id to me. He told me that he _______ met her the day _________________. 【三“點(diǎn)”探究】 對(duì)于直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的掌握，我們可以遵循這樣一個(gè)原則：一個(gè)概念，兩種形式，三種句型，四種變化。 1. 一個(gè)概念：直接引述別人的原話(huà)為_(kāi)______引語(yǔ)。用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)為_(kāi)_______引語(yǔ)。 2. 兩種形式：直接引語(yǔ)前后______引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)_______引號(hào)。 “I want a new cup. said Anne. (直) Anne said that she wanted a new cup. (

4、間) 3. 三種句型：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和祈使句。 4. 四種變化：人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序和狀語(yǔ)。 一、陳述句 The man said，“I am very poor.”→The man said that he was very poor. He said, “I’m from America.” →He said that he was from America. 通過(guò)閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞___________引導(dǎo)并且它在口語(yǔ)中可以省略。 二、疑問(wèn)句 1. He asked me,“Are you interested in English?”

5、 →He asked me whether/if I was interested in English. She asked Tom，“Can you help me?” →She asked Tom if/whether he could help her. 通過(guò)閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞_____或_____引導(dǎo),并用__________語(yǔ)序 2. “What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted. “How did you repair it?” he asked

6、me.→ He asked me how I had repaired it. 通過(guò)閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由_________________引導(dǎo)。 直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序變?yōu)開(kāi)________語(yǔ)序。 三、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的四種變化 1.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)的變化。對(duì)于人稱(chēng)的變化，可記住下面的順口溜：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱(chēng)不更新。” 1)“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)而變化。 Sh

7、e said，“My brother wants to go with me.”→She said ______ brother wanted to go with her. 2)“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)，或被第二人稱(chēng)所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，也可以用第一人稱(chēng)。 He asked Kate，“How is your sister now？”→He asked Kate how _____ sister was then. 3)“第三人稱(chēng)不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果直接引語(yǔ)

8、中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾，在間接引語(yǔ)中，從句中的人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化。 Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said _______ was a good worker. 2．直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句(即間接引語(yǔ)部分)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。變化如下： 時(shí)態(tài)的變化 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 指示代詞、

9、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化 項(xiàng)目 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 指示代詞 this that these those 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now then today that day this week(month, etc.) that week(month, etc.) yesterday the day before last week (month, etc.) the week(month, etc.) before three days (a year, etc.)ago three days (a year, etc.)before tomorrow

10、 the next (following) day next week(month, etc.) the next (following) week (month, etc.) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) here there 動(dòng)詞 come/bring go/take 注意:如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為there; come也不必改為go。如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,則today, yesterday, tomorrow等狀語(yǔ)也不必變化。 John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” →John said to me t

11、hat he had told her all about it three days before. 注意：直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況： 1)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。 He says，“I am very happy.”→He says that he _____very happy. 2)直接引語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,客觀(guān)事實(shí),諺語(yǔ)和格言或科學(xué)真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，”th

12、e teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth ___________ around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 3)直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”→Tom said he _______ born on April 21,1980. 4)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞可保持原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。 He says, “I had a good time last ni

13、ght.”→ He says he _______ a good time the night before. ●溫馨貼士: 知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖解如下: 【拓展提升】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1) Tom said that they could go there together. →Tom said,“　　　　 　　　　come here together.”? 2) The teacher said, “You must go quickly, Tom!” →The teacher asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　quickly.? 3) Jane asked, “Is anybo

14、dy seeing you off today?” →Jane asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　seeing 　　　　off 　　　　　　　　.? 4) He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” →He said that the earth 　　　　around the sun.? 5) “Would you like to go to the movie with me?” Tom asked his sister. →Tom asked his sister 　　　　　　　　would like to go to the movie

15、 with 　　　　.? 6) He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work before dark.” →He said _________________afraid _________________finish the work before dark. 7) My American friend Mary said, “The second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.” My American friend Mary said _______ the second Sunday in May is

16、Mother ______ Day. 【知識(shí)導(dǎo)學(xué)】 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo),that可以省略 一般疑問(wèn)句 用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo),said改為asked 其后還可以加sb,句子用陳述語(yǔ)序 特殊疑問(wèn)句 用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),句子用陳述語(yǔ)序 【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】 1. he, was。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞I要變?yōu)閔e；主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句通常要將時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè)，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am having變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was having。 2. told, had, seen。直接引語(yǔ)中的said to sb在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)改為tol

17、d sb；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have seen改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)had seen。 3. she, had, gone。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)代詞I 應(yīng)變?yōu)閟he；一般過(guò)去時(shí)went改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)had gone。 4. is。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若直接引語(yǔ)為客觀(guān)真理，則變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。 5. had, before。直接引語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)met，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)had met；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday應(yīng)改為the day before(from )。 【三“點(diǎn)”探究】 1. 直接 間接 2. 加 不加 一、that 二、1 疑問(wèn)句 if/whether 陳述 2. 原句中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞 陳述 三、1. 1) her 2) her 3) Jack 2. 1) is 2) moves 3) was 4)had 【拓展提升】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1) We can　 2)Tom to go 　 3)if/whether somebody was; me; that day　 4)goes　 5)if/whether she; him; 6) that he was he couldn’t 7) that is ?