2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4

Unit 2 Working the land李仕才一、閱讀理解In the dead of winter，we dont typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good healthVitaminDThis important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other life­threatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin DEven during winter, just a 10­minute walk at midday can keep the bodys Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks(蛋黃)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.To attract consumers，food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏)of VitaminDIt made the childrens bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option；Take Vitamin D supplements(補(bǔ)充物)These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了維生素D的一些情況。1During the winter months，people_ Aarent able to meet their deadlinesBoften dont dress warmly enoughCgenerally like to remain indoorsDleave lots of work for others to do C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we dont typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人們愿意待在室內(nèi)。2According to the text，Vitamin D_ Acan be obtained by being exposed to the sun Bcan be used to cure life­threatening diseasesCcan be mainly found in some milk productsDcan make the childrens bones soft and weakA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，維生素D可以通過曬太陽獲得，故選A。3Why is salmon mentioned in this article?AIts seldom prepared in the correct way.BIts a useful addition to a persons diet.CIt has a huge impact on the environment.DIts advantages have been exaggerated.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，三文魚是補(bǔ)充維生素D的食物，因此對我們的飲食是有用的補(bǔ)充物，故選B。4The main purpose of this article is _ Ato introduce a valuable nutrient Bto advertise Vitamin D supplementsCto note risks associated with a nutrientDto explain how a nutrient was discoveredA解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹一種營養(yǎng)成分維生素D。二、單句語法填空1(2017·江蘇高考)_(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.答案：Determining分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動名詞短語作主語，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主語，remains是謂語動詞。2The _(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business.答案：production由設(shè)空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式。production “生產(chǎn)；制造”。3Nowadays, children have more _(free); they can do whatever they like.答案：freedomfreedom 名詞“自由”，在本句中作賓語。4Cats can help rid the home _mice.答案：ofrid . of “使擺脫或除去”。5A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses _ashes.答案：toreduce . to . “使淪為”。6I bitterly _(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film.答案：regretted所填詞由bitterly(副詞)修飾，且由從句中had missed可知，此處用動詞的一般過去時。7It is _(disturb) to think about so much work to do.答案：disturbingdisturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表語。8The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's _(catch)答案：being caught本句中，lead to后接名詞或動名詞(短語)，且the thief和catch存在被動關(guān)系，故填being caught，即動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，作lead to的賓語。9I am not _(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.答案：satisfiedbe satisfied with . 為固定短語，意為“對感到滿意”。10Though he is young, he is struggling _(support) a large family.答案：to supportstruggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。三、完形填空When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the _1_ will last longer than you'd expect：researchers have found that writing thank­you notes raises people's _2_ levels for up to six months.“If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you _3_ it with the person who helped you，it has the _4_ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang.Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.He'd been feeling depressed and _5_ about his life：He'd been divorced and wasn't _6_ with his children.He felt tired from the _7_ hours he devoted to work.At a/an _8_ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of _9_.He decided to write 365 thank­you notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an _10_ change.Immediately，he noticed his _11_ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”Kralik says of his _12_ acts of expressing thanks._13_ by Kralik's experience，I decided to try the _14_ myself.I chose someone from my past whom I'd _15_ thanked before：my wonderful high­school English teacher.I wasn't sure if I'd be able to _16_ him，but eventually I found where he lived.In my letter，I thanked him for the _17_ and support that he'd given me years earlier.I may never hear from him _18_，but that isn't the _19_.The letter helped me _20_ my life，and I've been happy now for months.1A.timeBthoughtsCeffects Drelationship2A.education BhappinessCincome Dhealth3A.share BcompleteCcompare Dleave4A.method BdesireCenergy Dpotential5A.discouraged BdishonestCimpatient Dsurprised6A.bored BstrictCclose Dhonest7A.limited BvaluableCdelightful Dlong8A.importantly BparticularlyCphysically Dexactly9A.forgiveness BachievementCgratefulness Dpatience10A.positive BunexpectedCpossible Dinstant11A.wealth BattitudeCposition Dcompetence12A.generous BstrangeCbrave Dsimple13A.Struck BInspiredCShocked DInvited14A.idea BbeliefCletter Dtest15A.nearly BfrequentlyCalready Dnever16A.remember BrecogniseClocate Dreward17A.degree BmoneyCgift Dguidance18A.in advance Bin publicCin return Din person19A.case BpointCfact Dsolution20A.appreciate BunderstandCface Dreview【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們這樣一個道理：當(dāng)你對別人表達(dá)出感謝之情時，你會變得更快樂。1C考查名詞辨折。根據(jù)“benefits”并結(jié)合第一段可知，此處指感謝別人對自己的影響要比你預(yù)想的長久。C項(xiàng)意為“效果，影響”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“時間”；B項(xiàng)意為“想法”；D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。2B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指寫感謝信可以提高人們的幸福水平。B項(xiàng)意為“幸福”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”；C項(xiàng)意為“收入”；D項(xiàng)意為“健康”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。3A考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此處指與幫助你的人分享這件事。share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“比較”；D項(xiàng)意為“離開”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。4D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指如果你與幫助你的人一起分享感激之情，這就有可能將你們兩人之間的距離拉近。D項(xiàng)意為“可能性，潛能”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“方法”；B項(xiàng)意為“欲望”；C項(xiàng)意為“精力”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。5A考查形容詞辨折。根據(jù)該句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此處應(yīng)用“discouraged”與“depressed”并列，指他對生活感到沮喪。 A項(xiàng)意為“泄氣的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“不誠實(shí)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“沒有耐心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感到驚訝的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。6C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“He'd been divorced”可知，他已經(jīng)離婚了，并且與孩子也不親近。C項(xiàng)意為“親近的，親密的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“無聊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠實(shí)的”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。7D考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“felt tired from”可推知，此處指因?yàn)殚L時間的工作，所以他感到疲勞。D項(xiàng)意為“長的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“有限的”；B項(xiàng)意為“有價值的”；C項(xiàng)意為“高興的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。8B考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，他離婚了，和孩子也不親近，而且工作辛苦，所以這是他人生的低谷。B項(xiàng)意為“尤其，特別”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“重要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“身體上”；D項(xiàng)意為“恰恰，正好”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。9C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“He decided to write 365 thank­you notes”可知，此處指他記起祖父告訴過他感激的重要性。C項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“原諒”；B項(xiàng)意為“成就”；D項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。10A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此處指他希望通過這種方式獲得一個積極的改變。A項(xiàng)意為“積極的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“出人意料的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。11B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，這位律師正處于人生的低谷時期，然后通過寫感謝信使得他的態(tài)度開始改善。B項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“財富”；C項(xiàng)意為“位置”；D項(xiàng)意為“能力”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。12D考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，寫感謝信只是表達(dá)感謝的一個簡單的行為。D項(xiàng)意為“簡單的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。13B考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，“我”也決定寫感謝信了。由此推斷出，“我”是受了Kralik的經(jīng)歷的鼓舞。B項(xiàng)意為“鼓舞，激勵”，符合語境。故答案選B。14A考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”決定親自試試這個想法。A項(xiàng)意為“想法，主意”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“信念”；C項(xiàng)意為“信”；D項(xiàng)意為“測試”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。15D考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”不知道這位高中英語老師的地址，所以他是“我”以前從未感謝過的人。D項(xiàng)意為“從未”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“幾乎”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)?！保籆項(xiàng)意為“已經(jīng)”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。16C考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此處指“我”不知道是否能夠找到他。C項(xiàng)意為“找出的準(zhǔn)確位置”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)意為“獎勵，獎賞”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。17D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”感謝的對象是“我”的一位高中英語老師，所以“我”應(yīng)是感謝他給予“我”的指導(dǎo)和幫助。D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“程度，等級”；B項(xiàng)意為“金錢”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。18C考查介詞短語辨析。根據(jù)常識可知，“我”寫感謝信給多年前的老師，而老師不一定會回信給“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“作出回應(yīng)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“提前”；B項(xiàng)意為“公開地”；D項(xiàng)意為“親自”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。19B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“I've been happy now for months”可知，“我”快樂了幾個月，所以此處指老師是否回信不是重點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決方法”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。20A考查動詞辨析。聯(lián)系全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于表達(dá)出感謝可以給自己帶來快樂，所以此處指這封感謝信幫助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”為此快樂了幾個月。A項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對”；D項(xiàng)意為“回顧”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。四、單句改錯1They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem._答案：第一個toonfocus one's attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。2They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest._答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselvesbe equipped with和equip oneself with . “配備有”。3Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have._答案：satisfyingsatisfiedbe satisfied with “對感到滿意”，主語通常為人。4Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year._答案：fortothanks to “多虧了；由于”。5She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket._答案：去掉towould rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。五、短文改錯My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined in the basketball team.All the teammate practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another school's.At the very beginning，we were so nervous which we couldn't cooperate very good.Because this was the first time for us to compete with the school honor.In the half match they fell behind.Our team leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last.Play basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork.【答案】My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined the basketball team.All the practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another school's.At the very beginning，we were so nervous we couldn't cooperate very .Because this was the first time for us to compete the school honor.In the half match fell behind.Our team leader us together and said that we must get in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last. basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork.第一處：刪除in?？疾楣潭ù钆洹oin后接某個組織，表示加入該組織，此時join為及物動詞；join in通常指參加某項(xiàng)活動。由該句中的team可知，該處用join。第二處：teammate改為teammates?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的All可知，該處的可數(shù)名詞teammate應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第三處：had后加a?？疾椴欢ü谠~。有一次我們的籃球隊(duì)和另外一個學(xué)校的籃球隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一場比賽。該處泛指“一場比賽”，故用不定冠詞a。第四處：which改為that?？疾楣潭ň湫?。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用了固定句型“so.that.”，表示“如此以至于”。第五處：good改為well。考查副詞。cooperate為動詞，修飾該動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞，故用副詞well。第六處：with改為for。考查介詞。compete for sth.為固定搭配，意為“為競爭”，該處指“為學(xué)校的榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)”，故用介詞for。第七處：they改為we?？疾槿朔Q代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處陳述的是我們參加籃球賽的過程，故用人稱代詞we。第八處：calls改為called?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“said”，并結(jié)合語境可知，該處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。第九處：uniting改為united。get在此為連系動詞，表示“變得，達(dá)到”，后跟形容詞united，get united意為“團(tuán)結(jié)起來”。第十處：Play改為Playing。考查動名詞。由動詞makes可知，該處應(yīng)用動名詞短語作主語，故用Playing。9