備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點19 情態(tài)動詞（含解析）

考點19 情態(tài)動詞高考頻度：【命題解讀】高考研究英語中常用的情態(tài)動詞主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：同一情態(tài)動詞表示不同的意義的情況；情態(tài)動詞后跟各種形式的用法；尤其要注意情態(tài)動詞+完成式是高考中的重點所在?！久}預(yù)測】情態(tài)動詞是各地高考試題中的必考項目，每年高考單獨命題區(qū)的單項填空必有一道考查情態(tài)動詞的項目。新課標(biāo)卷主要在語法填空和短文改錯中考查?？键c依次是：推測(可能性)請求/允許必要性特殊用法。試題的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越來越隱蔽，語境越來越真實，考查角度越來越細(xì)致，這些因素在很大程度上增加了試題的難度?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 真實的語境中對情態(tài)動詞的理解和把握；2. 掌握情態(tài)動詞表示推測和可能性的用法；3. 掌握情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度、語氣等方面的用法?？枷蛞籧an，could與be able to的用法1表示能力，意為能，會。Many people can use the computer.許多人會用電腦。If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem.如果你好好睡一覺，你將能夠解出這道題。I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous.我本來可以解決這個問題，但我太緊張了。2can/could表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。How can you treat me like that?你怎么能那樣對我？3can/could表示禮貌地請求別人做某事，意為能，可以。Can I have a word with you? It wont take long.(表示請求)我可以和你談?wù)剢?？不會花很多時間的。【易混辨析】can和be able to 用法上的區(qū)別1. can只有兩種時態(tài)，即can 和could；而be able to 有多種時態(tài)，如was/were able to，will/shall be able to，have/has been able to等。Ill be able to drive the car in a week. Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. 2. 表示過去通過努力終于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. can 和be able to 都可以表示能力。can泛指一般的能力；be able to則主要指具體做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要是靠be 發(fā)生變化，所以形式比can 多。3. can能表猜測，be able to不能。can的這種用法主要用于疑問句和否定句。其肯定形式是must be。 Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be? It cant be our teacher who is knocking at the door.4. can 可以表 允許，與may可以互換，此時不能用be able to 代替。Can / May I sit here?Yes, please. 1. (2018·北京卷·單項填空) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【參考答案】C2. (2017·北京卷·單項填空)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【參考答案】C考向二may與might的用法1表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時要用mustnt，表示不可以禁止阻止之意。May I play basketball this afternoon?No，you mustnt.今天下午我可以打籃球嗎？不，不行。2may/might as well動詞原形意為最好，倒不如，may/ might well動詞原形，意為很可能。He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.他現(xiàn)在很可能呆在北京。If you think the price of beef is too high，you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你認(rèn)為牛肉太貴的話，你不妨買些豬肉。你自己決定。might為may的過去式，但也可以代替may，語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。He might not come today. 今天他也許不來了。(語氣不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard. 當(dāng)你工作太努力時，你也可能患頭痛。You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【參考答案】D考向三must與need的用法1must用于否定句，表示禁止，表示說話者的命令或指令，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈。You mustnt play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.你千萬不要玩刀，否則會傷到自己。2must表示必要性，意為必須。Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.發(fā)展一定會促成一種更好的生活，更好的做事情的方法。3must表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)，意為非得，偏要。If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走的話，至少等到暴風(fēng)雨結(jié)束。must開頭的疑問句，其否定回答通常用dont have to或neednt。而不用mustnt。 Must I finish my homework first? 我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。can和must在表推測時，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。It can not be Li Lei. 那個人不可能是李磊。 It must be Li Lei. 那個人肯定是李磊。【易混辨析】must和have to 1. 表示必須、必要。在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt/dont have to（不必）. Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2. must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，have to有更多的時態(tài)形式。 The play isnt interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. 3. 表示推測、可能性，只用于肯定的陳述句。 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.4. need 的用法：（1）情態(tài)動詞，需要，有必要 ，一般用于否定句或疑問句中。You neednt come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必來。（2）行為動詞，需要, 有必要，可以用于各種句式中。You dont need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。Do we need to finish all the work today? 我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎？【巧學(xué)妙記】need的用法助記口訣實義動詞表需要，后接名、代、不定式。need后接動名詞，主動形式表被動。情態(tài)動詞表需要，沒有人稱、數(shù)之變。其后直接加動原，多用疑問與否定?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟are和need 1. dare作情態(tài)動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，過去式形式為dared。 How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2. need 作情態(tài)動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 3. dare和 need作實義動詞用時，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer. He needs to finish his homework today.1.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【參考答案】C2.You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【參考答案】A【答案解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)下文的it costs可知，照相機(jī)很昂貴，可推斷此處是說，你一定要非常小心對待照相機(jī)。故選A 。may可能；can能夠，有時會；will會，愿意?？枷蛩膚ill與would的用法1表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。Would you mind opening the window for me?請你給我打開窗戶好嗎？2will和would表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never talk to him again. 我再也不愿意和他說話了。3will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動作，有總是或總要之意。Fish will die without water.沒有水，魚會死去。1. (2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯) As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not to let me.考向五shall，should與ought to的用法1shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。Shall we begin our new lesson today?我們今天開始上新課好嗎？2shall用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。3should表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，意為應(yīng)該。You should be strict with yourself as an officer.作為一名官員，你應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。4ought to表示應(yīng)該。You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.這么重要的會議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。5shall還可表示法律、規(guī)定和條例中規(guī)定的應(yīng)該。Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不論誰駕車闖紅燈，罰款至少200元?！疽谆毂嫖觥縮hould, ought to 1. should, ought to表示應(yīng)該，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2. 表示勸告、建議和命令。should、ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? 3. 表示推測，should、ought to (客觀推測)，must(主觀推測)。 He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)考向六情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法1can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為有時會；用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為可能，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant意為不可能，語氣很強(qiáng)烈。As we all know，an experienced teacher can make mistakes.眾所周知，一位有經(jīng)驗的老師也會犯錯。He cant have left. His coat is here.他不可能已經(jīng)走了。他的外套還在這里。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting？布什先生做什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時，他怎么可能開會遲到呢？2may/might用于肯定句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測，意為有可能；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not意為可能不，表示一種不太確定的語氣。What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure，but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.本周六你打算干什么？還說不定，但我可能會去滾石音樂會。3must表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為一定，必定，表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨傘，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它濕了。4should用來表示推測時意為應(yīng)該，即含有按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因為你在駕校訓(xùn)練了那么多，通過路考應(yīng)該沒什么困難。考向七情態(tài)動詞have done的用法情態(tài)動詞have done用法must have done一定做過某事，其否定形式為cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done(1)本來能夠做但卻未做(2)可能做過某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做過某事may/might have done或許/可能做過某事should/ought to have done本該做但卻未做，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了neednt have done做了本沒有必要做的事情1.must have done表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成一定做過某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因為地面還是濕的。You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人說話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。2.cant have done表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成不可能做過某事。Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了。3.can have done表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成可能做過嗎？。There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？4.could have done是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。5.may have done表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是可能已經(jīng)或也許已經(jīng)，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George? 喬治發(fā)生了什么事？I dont know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。6.might have done表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。 She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多給她點機(jī)會，她可能已經(jīng)取得了更大的成績。7.would have done虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來會。I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。8.should have done意思是本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做。shouldnt+have+done表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實際做了。含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含義。Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，湯姆哭了，我本不應(yīng)該對他如此嚴(yán)厲的。9.ought to have done表示過去應(yīng)該做而實際并沒有做，譯成理應(yīng)做，往往表示遺憾。與should have done用法基本一樣。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。10.need have done表示本來需要做某事而實際沒有做。neednt have done則表示本來不需要做某事而實際做了I neednt have bought so much wine only five people came. 我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldnt have missed the train. 他本來需要快點去車站的，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。 （2015·福建卷·單項填空）Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should【參考答案】D題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1. Can you help me? I _ never understand this.2. _ you tell me what time it is, please?3. Henry _ walk when he was one year old.4. We are going for a walk. _ you like to join us?5. Tom, you _ leave your clothes on the floor like this.6. The road is wet. It _ have rained last night.7. He has waited outside for half an hour. _ he come in?8. These flowers have died. You _ have watered them.9. _ she be ten years old next month?10. I _ have hurt your feelings but it was not my intention.II. 單項填空1. You _ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise.A.needntB.couldntC.cantD.mustnt2. Remember that in some countries, you _ take flowers of a certain colour, because theyre unlucky.A.could notB.needntC.may notD.mustnt3. Being young generations in China, _ they take up all of the challenges and opportunities that this country offers?Absolutely.A. mustntB. mightntC. shouldntD. couldnt4. _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, sir, but its an emergency.A. CanB. ShouldC. MustD. Would5. It is said that people _ reduce the risk of catching some serious diseases by exercising.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. need6. I was very surprised that that little child _ have said such rude words to his parents.A. mightB. couldC. wouldD. should7. My phone _ have been stolen while I was taking a bus. I cant find it anywhere.A. canB.mustC.shouldD.would8. You _ so much cash with you, you know that shop accepted checks.A.couldnt have takenB.wouldnt have takenC.shouldnt have takenD.neednt have taken9. Without your help, we _ our task on time. I cannot thank you enough.A.cant finishB.couldnt finishC.cant have finishedD.couldnt have finished10. Bob didnt pass this exam.What a pity! He _.A. should study hardB. should have studied hardC. would have studied hardD. could have studied hard題組二能力提升用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下面短文Miss Fang couldnt read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she _1_go to the Health Service and see a doctor.You should see a doctor as soon as possible， she said.You _2_need glasses.When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor _3_see her at 3：30.Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.The doctor _4_take you at about ten to four， the appointment clerk suggested._5_I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？Miss Fang thought she _6_(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldnt be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, I think I _7_make it at ten to four.Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, _8_I leave at 3：45 today？I _9_have an eye examination. As expected, the teacher said, Yes, of course you _10_.題組三體驗真題1.(2017·天津) My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. mustn't2. (2016·天津) It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt3.(2016·浙江)George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone4.（2015 重慶）You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1. can2. Could/Can3. could4. Would5. mustnt6. must7. Shall8. should9. Will10. mayII. 單項填空1. A 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你不必讓我搭便車。為了鍛煉我想走回家。neednt不必；couldnt（過去）不能；cant不能；mustnt禁止。故選A。2. D 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：記住在一些國家，你不能帶某些顏色的花，因為它們是不幸運的。這里表示禁止用mustnt。could not不能（表示能力）； neednt不必；may not可能不。故選D。3. C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：作為中國的年輕一代，難道他們不應(yīng)該接受這個國家提供的所有挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)會嗎？should表示應(yīng)該，故C項正確。4. C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你偏要現(xiàn)在打斷嗎？難道你沒有看見我在打電話嗎？對不起，但是這是緊急事情。Can 能夠；Should應(yīng)該；Must必須，偏要；Would將會。故選C。7. B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：一定是我乘坐公共汽車的時候手機(jī)被偷了。我到處都找不到它。can能；must必須；should應(yīng)該；would將會。must have done過去一定做某事。故選B。8. D 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞+have done。句意：你本不必帶這么多現(xiàn)金在身邊。你知道那家商店接受支票。couldnt have taken過去不可能做了；wouldnt have taken過去不會做而做了；shouldnt have taken本不應(yīng)該做某事而做了；neednt have taken過去本不必做某事而做了。故選D。9. D 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞+完成式的用法。句意：沒有你的幫助，我不可能按時完成我們的任務(wù)。我再怎么感謝你都不過。對過去事情的否定推測用couldnt have doneb表示過去不可能做某事。故選D。10. B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞+have done。句意：Bob沒有通過考試。真遺憾！他本應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)的。should have done意為過去本應(yīng)該做卻沒有做，would have done意為過去本來會做卻沒有做；could have done意為過去本可能做卻沒有做。故選B。題組二能力提升適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下面短文1.should2.might3.could4.might5.Shall6.shouldnt7.can8.May/Can9.must10.can題組三 體驗真題1.C【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)“I can do it in the morning.”可知現(xiàn)在沒必要打掃房間。故選C項。needn't不必；daren't不敢；shouldn't不應(yīng)該；mustn't不準(zhǔn)，禁止。句意：我的房間很亂，不過今晚在我出去之前，我沒必要打掃它。我可以在(明天)早晨打掃。4.D 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡羅，這些年你一點也沒有變化。must表示對現(xiàn)在的肯定推測。15