2020年高考英語 必考點(diǎn) 專題12 定語從句（高效演練）（含解析）

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1、專題12 定語從句高效演練一. 單句語法填空1.Many young people，most of _were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom【解析】考查定語從句的用法。句意：很多年輕人前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐他們的夢(mèng)想，他們中的很多人都受過良好教育。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為Many young people，作介詞of的賓語，故要用whom。2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the we

2、ather may be better. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時(shí)間狀語，所以用when3(天津高考改編)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons _ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我寫下這個(gè)問題不能解決的所有原因。考查定語從句。從句缺少原因狀語，用why引導(dǎo)。4(浙江高考改編)Scientists have ad

3、vanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved. 【答案】which【解析】句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個(gè)得到了證明。考查定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用“代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。5I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks _ they

4、had refused to sell to tourists. 【答案】which【解析】句意：我和當(dāng)?shù)厝私慌笥眩鹲ell后缺少賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which。 6One important biological factor_helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 【答案】that/which【解析】factor后帶有定語從句，關(guān)系代詞作主語，用that/which。7.I live next door to a couple _childrenoften make a lot

5、of noise. 【答案】whose【解析】句中指的是那對(duì)夫妻的孩子，用whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句。8So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，_ they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. 【答案】where【解析】先行詞為地點(diǎn)，從句用where 引導(dǎo)作狀語。9.A nurse _ understands the healing(治愈) value of s

6、ilence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】who【解析】先行詞為人，用who 在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)定語從句。10I had one trip last year_I was caught by a hurricane in America. 【答案】where【解析】此處last year 為干擾性內(nèi)容，從句表達(dá)得是我在路途中被困，故先行詞為trip, 用where=in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。11The nu

7、mber of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【答案】as【解析】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在這里作主語，意為“正如，這一點(diǎn)”，代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。12It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 【答案】which【解析】句意：which

8、代替先行詞place，在定語從句中用作主語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。不可用that。13Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music. 【答案】where【解析】句意：對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，在那里你可以聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂。先行詞是St.Pauls Church，從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。14Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.【答案】

9、which【解析】句意：創(chuàng)造一種使員工感到自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)一部分的an atmosphere，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，此處in which相當(dāng)于where。 15He wrote manychildrens books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. 【答案】which【解析】句意：他寫了很多的兒童書，其中接近一半是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項(xiàng)可知是考查非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語。此處關(guān)系代詞which代指前面的books，作介詞of的賓語。16As the smallest child of his family, Al

10、ex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.【答案】when【解析】句意：作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是盼望著他有獨(dú)立的時(shí)間。定語從句的先行詞是time，后面的從句是完整的句子，先when。17The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.【答案】whose【解析】考查定語從句。句意：桌上的書是給我們的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，那些書的封面閃閃發(fā)光。先行詞為the books，和名詞covers之間是所有關(guān)系，故用whose作定語。18T

11、he boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. 【答案】where【解析】句意：該公司的老板試圖創(chuàng)造輕松的氛圍，這樣他的員工就可以享受工作的樂趣。先行詞為an easy atmosphere，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用where。19Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. 【答案】which【解析】句意：一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀de

12、pend on/upon依靠，依賴。先行詞為物，介詞后用which來構(gòu)成定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。20China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.【答案】which【解析】句意：中國日?qǐng)?bào)吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。先行詞是前面的整個(gè)主句，在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故用which來引導(dǎo)。不可用that。 21I didnt become a serious climber un

13、til the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我直到五年級(jí)才真正成為一個(gè)攀登者，那時(shí)，我爬到樹上去拿一個(gè)被掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。the fifth grade，設(shè)空處在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填when。22Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. 【答案】where【解析】句意：學(xué)

14、生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，他們從中能獲得成長經(jīng)驗(yàn)。將先行詞community activities代入定語從句后為：They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。23Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. 【答案】that【解析】句意：請(qǐng)把所有的你有的關(guān)于這個(gè)職位的候選人的信息發(fā)送給我們。先行詞是information，在定語從句中，缺少h

15、ave的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞，且先行詞有all修飾，所以用關(guān)系代詞that。24Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poorchildren，_ is quite unexpected. 【答案】which【解析】句意：直到現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)為貧困的孩子們集資50 000英鎊，這是相當(dāng)出乎意料的。在非限制性定語從句中，代指前文提到的事件，并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which。25Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. 【答

16、案】which/that【解析】句意：一個(gè)月以后我們將會(huì)達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。在本句中，先行詞是the sales targets，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作set的賓語，所以填關(guān)系代詞which/that。設(shè)空處也可以不填，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。26The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must. 【答案】where【解析】句意：這本書對(duì)我的日常交流很有幫助，尤其是在那些必須給人留下良好印象的工作中。根據(jù)句意填關(guān)

17、系副詞where。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。27Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：在這么多海員不得不面對(duì)的危險(xiǎn)中，很有可能最大的危險(xiǎn)就是霧了。在這個(gè)定語從句中，先行詞是dangers，在從句中作face邏輯上的賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞用which或that。28It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch t

18、he football game. 【答案】when【解析】句意：時(shí)間是半夜，那時(shí)我的父親叫醒了我并告訴我去看足球比賽。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以答案是when。29I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我正在盼望著我的女兒能夠讀懂這the day，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。30I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library la

19、st week，_ my classmates recommended to me. 【答案】which【解析】句意：我上周從圖書館借了夏洛克福爾摩斯這本書，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the book Sherlock Holmes，從句中recommended后缺少賓語成分，故填關(guān)系代詞which。31English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it differently. 【答案】which【解析】句意：英語是一種被好幾種不同的cultures且關(guān)系詞在定語

20、從句中作介詞of的賓語，所以填which。32A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 【答案】whose【解析】句意：從國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)得到的利潤正在下降的公司可以去國外尋找機(jī)會(huì)。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為company，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語，故填whose。33The exact year _ Angela and her famil

21、y spent together in China was 2008. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中國度過的準(zhǔn)確的年份是2008年。這個(gè)定語從句的先行詞是year，在從句中作spent的賓語，所以要填能夠作賓語的關(guān)系代詞，用which或that。二.篇章語法填空Passage 1 There was a time _1_I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason _2_my father forced me to join

22、 in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, _3_I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, _4_teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me facetoface, from

23、_5_ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities _6_we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide,_7_

24、encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into _8_ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through _ I can memorize a large number of new w

25、ords. _ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”作者在英語俱樂部遇到了一位好老師，他使作者對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣，并養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語的好習(xí)慣。1 【答案】when 【解析】句意：有一段時(shí)間，我討厭學(xué)英語并且不喜歡說英語。There was a time when.有一段時(shí)間.。2. 【答案】why 【解析】This is/was

26、the reason why 這就是的原因。3. 【答案】where 【解析】先行詞是the club，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。 4【答案】whose 【解析】先行詞為my guide，代入定語從句后為：My guides teacher was Yu Minhong.由此可見，先行詞與teacher之間是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)。5【答案】which 【解析】先行詞為my guide communicated with me facetoface；先行詞在定語從句中作from的賓語，且介詞from提前，故填which。6【答案】that/which/不填 【解析】先行詞

27、是activities，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：We did the activities.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)或省略關(guān)系代詞。7【答案】who 【解析】先行詞為my father and the guide，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，且指“人”，所以用who引導(dǎo)。8【答案】which 【解析】先行詞為English，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞into的賓語，且介詞into已被提前，故填which。9【答案】which 【解析】句意：每天入睡前我總是回憶所學(xué)的文章，通過這種方法，我能記住大量的英語生詞。先行詞為the passages，關(guān)系詞在定語從句

28、中作介詞through的賓語，且介詞已被提前，故用which引導(dǎo)。10【答案】As 【解析】句意：正如我們英語老師所說的：“只要你們養(yǎng)成每天學(xué)英語的習(xí)慣并且堅(jiān)持不懈，你們遲早會(huì)征服英語?！狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句置于句首，后面引號(hào)內(nèi)直接引語的內(nèi)容為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故用as引導(dǎo)。Passage 2In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle _1_ he usually worked every day. Tut was a gumcollector(樹膠采集者)

29、, looking for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. On one particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didnt really know _2_he had seen but he knew it was something special.

30、He ran to tell the local governor, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡爾), the city_3_the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places _4_ kings had lived _5_the Mayan people ruled the region.For a

31、 long time before that day, local people had known _6_somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left there, nobody knows _7_! After

32、1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years _8_Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didnt mention Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had tol

33、d European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees, _9._ no one would listen to them. Then the news _10_the lost city had been found again made archaeologists(考古學(xué)家) extremely glad.語篇導(dǎo)讀：1848年，Tut意外發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪雅城市遺址。1 【答案】where 【解析】定語從句補(bǔ)全為：he usually worked every day in the jungle.故從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。2 【答案】wha

34、t 【解析】句意：Tut真不知道他看到的是什么，但是他知道那是一些特殊的東西。分析句子可知，從句中缺少賓語，指物，故填what。3 【答案】that/which 【解析】that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the city。 4 【答案】where 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句部分缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。5 【答案】when 【解析】引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。6 【答案】that 【解析】句意：那天之前的很長一段時(shí)間，當(dāng)?shù)厝司椭绤擦掷锏哪硞€(gè)地方有一個(gè)古老的瑪雅城市。從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整。7 【答案】why 【解析】句意： 但是瑪雅人離開了那里，沒有人知道為什么。此句補(bǔ)全應(yīng)是nobody knows why t

35、he Mayans left there。8 【答案】before 【解析】引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。由主句時(shí)態(tài)可知答案。9 【答案】but 【解析】前后句表轉(zhuǎn)折。10 【答案】that 【解析】句意：失去的城市現(xiàn)在又被重新找到使得考古學(xué)家非常高興。同位語從句中不缺少任何成分，且意義完整，that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)成分，沒有含義，只起連接作用。 三、單項(xiàng)選擇1. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when

36、 【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男栴}可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。_ we meet in our daily lives是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems，用that。考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。1. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語，定語等成分。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。eg. An architect is a pers

37、on who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略（非限定性定語從句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to coo

38、perate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞均不可省略。注意關(guān)系代詞that, 關(guān)系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語從句。4. 作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞 在限制和非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is

39、head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】試題分析： 句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下

40、個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。使用定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時(shí)間狀語。故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。 3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwid

41、e starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項(xiàng)目”的目的之一是，whose在定語從句中作定語，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國建立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問題。考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句4. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C

42、. his D. who【答案】B【解析】試題分析：本句是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是My eldest son, 根據(jù)句意和空后名詞確定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，選項(xiàng)中只有whose修飾名詞作定語。故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語;whose做定語；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。5. I live next door to a couple _ children often

43、make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。a couple是先行詞，這對(duì)夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose作定語，whose children相當(dāng)于the children of whom，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句 6.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB. of th

44、emC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作為介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求它們的夢(mèng)想，其中大部分人都是受過良好教育。故C正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】“of whom / which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句：在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞作為一個(gè)整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which/ whom或者of which / whom都可以。但與表示所屬關(guān)系不同，這里不能用whose來代替of which。一、表示整體中的

45、部分The buses,most of whichwere already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I picked up the apples,some of whichwere badly bruised.我揀起那些蘋果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。There are two bottles left,one of

46、 whichis almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。二、表示所屬關(guān)系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten.他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It wa

47、s an agreement the details of which could not be altered.這是一項(xiàng)其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的the details of which=whose details?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時(shí)候會(huì)流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個(gè)被證明了。使用定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。如果是代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞，注意先行詞是人用whom，先行詞是物用which。13