備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）

考點(diǎn)05 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)高考頻度： 【命題解讀】介詞在英語(yǔ)中比較活躍，然而在高考中直接考查介詞的題不是很多，但是介詞卻是考生最容易犯錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考對(duì)介詞的考查將不再局限于單個(gè)介詞，將會(huì)更加注重對(duì)介詞固定搭配中的介詞的考查，精細(xì)化考查介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握介詞的基本用法，同時(shí)注意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的意思和用法?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握介詞的常見(jiàn)用法及易混介詞的辨析； 2. 掌握介詞與其他詞所構(gòu)成的一些固定短語(yǔ)； 3. 掌握在定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的使用情況。介詞的分類分類特點(diǎn)例詞簡(jiǎn)單介詞即一個(gè)介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。合成介詞由兩個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成合成詞into, onto, throughout, upon, within短語(yǔ)介詞由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。雙重介詞由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。分詞介詞由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)considering(就而論), including，regarding，concerning等。兼類介詞由形容詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等?？枷?介詞短語(yǔ)的功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語(yǔ)的功能例 句作定語(yǔ)They didnt find the solution to the problem.作狀語(yǔ)We have breakfast at seven.（表時(shí)間）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表?xiàng)l件）作表語(yǔ)When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I found the old building in a bad condition.考向 ?？冀樵~的辨析介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率相當(dāng)高，其用法跟冠詞一樣復(fù)雜。但根據(jù)近年來(lái)高考命題的情況來(lái)看，考生需要掌握以下內(nèi)容。1.表示相同或相似概念的介詞（短語(yǔ)）的區(qū)別表示的概念介詞（短語(yǔ)）區(qū) 別例 時(shí)間inonatat在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上；in在一段的時(shí)間之內(nèi)；on在具體日子。at 8 oclock, at noonin the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince 指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用；from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today.in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，也可以指一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)=within；after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過(guò)去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中。Well be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.What shall we do after graduation?in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作最后、終于解，單獨(dú)作句子成分，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示在末梢，到盡頭，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體，不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作在結(jié)束時(shí)，到末為止解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般說(shuō)來(lái)，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時(shí)說(shuō)的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系時(shí)、在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)以及在談事物間的差別時(shí)，就用between。Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范圍內(nèi)；on指與什么毗鄰；to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置（靜態(tài)）；into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.throughacrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示在角上，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指在拐角處，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides指除了還有，再加上；except指除了，減去什么，不能放在句首。but 與except意思近似，表示除了外經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。except for表示如無(wú)就，只是表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。All went out besides me. All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.表示的概念構(gòu)成例 動(dòng)作（表進(jìn)行概念、表被動(dòng)的關(guān)系）at+名詞at dinner/table在吃飯 at work在工作 at war交戰(zhàn) at cards 在玩牌            at work 在辦公 at play  在玩耍     at rest在休息        school在上學(xué)       at press正在排印at church在做禮拜beyond+名詞beyond belief難以置信   beyond control不聽(tīng)管教。 beyond compare無(wú)可比擬 beyond description難以形容beyond expression無(wú)法表達(dá) beyond suspicion無(wú)可懷疑in+名詞或in +名詞+of+名詞in the army在當(dāng)兵 in need of需要 in action在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)in progress在進(jìn)行 in operation在運(yùn)行中 in use 開(kāi)始使用 in sight看得見(jiàn) in store貯藏著in course of construction正在興建當(dāng)中。 in (good) repair維修良好的in course of shipment. 定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中。 in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)                             in the charge of 由負(fù)責(zé) in possession of 擁有                      in the possession of 被擁有on+名詞on business辦事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班 on duty值勤/日on guard在值勤 on strike在罷工on sale出售 on loan借貸on the march在行軍 on trial在試用 on the air在廣播 on fire在燃燒on the move 在移動(dòng)，搬遷，離開(kāi) on show/display/ exhibition在展出under+名詞under control在控制之中 under discussion在討論underdevelopment在發(fā)展中 under observation在觀察中under test在被測(cè)試 under construction在建設(shè)中under fire在炮火中        under examination在檢查/調(diào)查中under consideration在考慮中 under repair在修理中under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到襲擊under medical treatment在治療中 under study在研究中其他against ones opinion反對(duì)某人的見(jiàn)解for ones opinion同意某人的見(jiàn)解above reproach無(wú)可指責(zé)，無(wú)可非議 above suspicion不受懷疑above criticism無(wú)可指責(zé)at the mercy of在支配下；任由擺布for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得見(jiàn)1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會(huì)激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實(shí)際上；B. in command指揮；C. in turn輪流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。2.（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空）Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語(yǔ)，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩?duì)于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。3.（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】of/for4.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。5.（2017·新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯(cuò)）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, he agreed.【答案】刪除for【解析】時(shí)間名詞有every，each，last等詞修飾時(shí)，其前不用介詞。故刪除for。2.常見(jiàn)同一形容詞與不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差別常見(jiàn)形容詞搭配意義absent(be) absent from缺席(be) absent in不在這里而在afraid(be) afraid of擔(dān)心(be) afraid for為而擔(dān)心angry(be) angry with sb.對(duì)某人生氣(be) angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣anxious(be)anxious for sth急于想得到(be)anxious about sth./sb.對(duì)某事/某人擔(dān)心different(be) different from與不同(be) different to不關(guān)心familiar(be) familiar with精通，熟悉(be) familiar to為熟知（悉）good(be) good at擅長(zhǎng)于(be) good for對(duì)有益(be) good to對(duì)友好/態(tài)度好popular(be) popular with sb.受歡迎(be) popular for因而流行strict(be) strict with sb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格(be) strict in sth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格3容易混淆的含有介詞固定搭配的詞組類 型舉 例差一冠詞，大相徑庭in front of（在前面)in the front of（在前部） in charge of（負(fù)責(zé)）in the charge of（由負(fù)責(zé)）out of question（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)）out of the question（不可能） at table（在吃飯；在吃飯時(shí)）at the table（在桌子旁邊）有無(wú)介詞，意義不同know sb.認(rèn)識(shí)某人 know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.擊中某人 shoot at sb.向某人射擊search sb.搜身 search for sb.搜尋某人 believe sb.相信某人的話 believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益 benefit from sb.從某人那里得到益處畫(huà)蛇添足，誤加介詞serve the people為人民服務(wù)（容易在serve后加for） enter the room進(jìn)入房間（容易在enter后加into）follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind） marry sb.與某人結(jié)婚（容易在marry后加with）go abroad出國(guó)（容易在go后面加to） live upstairs住在樓上（容易在live后面加 in）母語(yǔ)思維，誤用介詞be caught in the rain被雨淋著（不用by） leave for some place動(dòng)身去某地（不用to）set an example to sb.為某人樹(shù)立榜樣（不用for） in the direction朝著方向（不用to）do a favor for sb.幫某人一個(gè)忙（不用to） different from和不同（不用with）with the help of在的幫助下（不用under） steal sth. from sb.偷某人的東西（不用of）read sth. to sb.給（為）讀（念）（不用for）【難點(diǎn)釋疑】一、常用介詞辨異1. about，on，of 關(guān)于on多用于慎重的、正式的語(yǔ)言交際場(chǎng)合。常見(jiàn)于學(xué)術(shù)上的論文或演說(shuō)等題目，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀，有論及之意。 about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有述及之意。of作關(guān)于講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時(shí)，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時(shí)與about意義相近，但有時(shí)意義很不同，常與動(dòng)詞know、hear、learn（聽(tīng)說(shuō)）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。 2. except，except for，except that，but，besides，beside except除之外，指不包括，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于but，但不定式常不帶to。 except for除了，只有，意思和except一樣，主要指說(shuō)明基本情況后，而在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語(yǔ)。 except that除了，只是，意思和except、except for一樣。但在用法上，其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導(dǎo)的其他從句。 but所含除外的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞）之后。 besides表示除外還有，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當(dāng)于also，有而且，加之，何況之意。 beside也是介詞，表示在附近，只不過(guò)形似besides，容易相互混淆。 如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用except，否則就用except for。3. including，included including是一個(gè)介詞，意為包括，它一般放在包括對(duì)象的前面。 included是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，意為包括。它一般用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，也可放在包括對(duì)象的后面。 4. in，later，during 都與時(shí)段名詞搭配 in作介詞，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即in + 時(shí)段名詞，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)。 later表示以后，常同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即時(shí)段名詞 + later，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。 during作介詞時(shí)，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即during + 時(shí)段名詞，常與現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)等連用。5. in，with，by 用 with通常指用具體的或有形的工具、器官等，有時(shí)也表示用某種手段、音調(diào)等。 by作介詞表示用時(shí)，一般指用方式、手段等。后面常接動(dòng)名詞或名詞，后面接名詞時(shí)，該名詞前面一般不加修飾語(yǔ)。 in指用語(yǔ)言、字體、墨水、體裁、風(fēng)格、方式、現(xiàn)金、順序等。二、介詞的省略1. 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時(shí)，介詞常省略。Come any day you like. 你想哪天來(lái)就哪天來(lái)。2. 表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作每一解時(shí)，前面不用介詞。An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天吃一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，醫(yī)生不找我。3. 習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略，常見(jiàn)的此類搭配有：spend money/time (in) doing sth，waste money/time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。三、介詞不可遺漏的情況1. 含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式在形容詞easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作狀語(yǔ)，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介詞不能遺漏。 The chair is comfortable to sit on/in. 這把椅子坐著舒服。The man is difficult to work with. 這個(gè)人很難共事。2. 當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很值得關(guān)注。3. 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能遺漏。 Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 你應(yīng)該注意你的發(fā)音。4. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上介詞。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我們經(jīng)常去的那個(gè)圖書(shū)館離我們的學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。5. 在too.to.，enough. to.，so. as to.等結(jié)構(gòu)中，含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介詞不能遺漏。The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday. _2. Joe wasted a lot time before he got down to work. _3. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed. _4. Only a few months ago, this area suffered by the worst drought in a century. _5. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country. _6. Appreciate and honor what you have instead focusing on what you do not. _7. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age. _8. I just couldnt laugh to his jokes the way I used to. _題組二 能力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空1.This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply _ the first impression.A.in the form ofB. with the help ofC. on the basis ofD.in case of2.It was quite_ me why people preferred to go to the island on such a cold night.A. againstB. overC. beyondD. above3. _ our disagreements, we have been able to find some common ground.A. BeyondB. ForC. DespiteD. By4.Sometimes its tough to get off the couch and go for a run. With so many digital devices at your fingertips, how can you possibly keep_?A.in turnB.in shapeC.in returnD.in charge5.I feel that one of my main duties _a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.A. forB. likeC.asD. with6.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of7.Most people work because its unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion8.A common memory they all have_ their school days is the school uniform.A. ofB. onC. toD. with9.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_nature.A. in view ofB. in need of C.in touch with D. in harmony with10.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but forII.語(yǔ)篇填空As I walked _1_the city streets，I passed a young man searching through a small block of land that contained a mix of leaves and rubbish. I was somewhat puzzled why someone _2_him would be searching through rubbish. Finding this a little odd，I asked him，What are you searching _3_？ He replied very simply that he was looking for money.After talking _4_him for a little longer，I found out that he had become homeless after getting laid _5_ from his job. Since then，he had been working _6_ part-time jobs in a doctor's office and in a food bank to earn some money. But he made so little that he lost heart. The man seemed fairly talented，although he was a little dirty.I told him that our thoughts create our reality，and I suggested that he not give _7_ and think _8_ a positive way. During the whole talk，what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible. Although he didn't respond _9_ the spot，my sense told me that what I said seemed to have an effect _10_ him.題組三 體驗(yàn)真題1.（2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.2. （2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·完形填空）I still cant believe what a coincidence it was. Im just so glad I was there _60_ to help my son.A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose3. （2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·短文改錯(cuò)）They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.4. （2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空） Good morning, Mr. Lees office. Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at5. （2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of6.（2018·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空） Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random6.（2017·天津·單項(xiàng)填空）We offer an excellent education to our students. _, we expect students to work hard.A. On average B. At best C. In return D. After all7.（2017·天津·完形填空） My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.A. in search of B. in need of C. in place of D. in support of8. （2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effects) (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.9. （2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.10. （2017·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)）They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful information from the internet.11. （2017·新課標(biāo)卷III·語(yǔ)法填空）I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.12.（2017·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by13.（2017·江蘇·單項(xiàng)填空）Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense ofC. in face of D. in relation to14. （2017·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. among B. against C. behind D. below15. （2017·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _crowds_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work.題組一基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1. 去掉to 【解析】句意：我借給她一些錢，以便她能去度假。動(dòng)詞lend后可接雙賓語(yǔ)，所以to多余。2. 在time 前加of 【解析】句意：?jiǎn)淘陂_(kāi)始工作前浪費(fèi)了不少時(shí)間。a lot of為固定用法，意為許多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞。注意：a lot為副詞短語(yǔ)，表程度。3. 去掉in 【解析】句意：最大的難題是，幾乎所有的通訊系統(tǒng)都被破壞了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。4. by from 【解析】句意：僅在幾個(gè)月前，這個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了一次本世紀(jì)以來(lái)最為嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)。suffer from為固定用法，意為忍受，遭受。 5. for of 【解析】句意：他們很好，邀請(qǐng)我訪問(wèn)他們的國(guó)家。 Its kind of sb to do sth為固定句型。注意：在It is/was + adj. +of/for sb to do句型中，當(dāng)形容詞為easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary等時(shí)用介詞for，而當(dāng)形容詞為描述人的品德及特征的kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish等時(shí)用介詞of。6. 在instead后加of【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所擁有的，而不是將注意力放在你沒(méi)有的東西上。instead of 為復(fù)合介詞，意為而不是。7. 去掉 in 【解析】句意：這個(gè)男孩想?yún)④?，但因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)小被拒絕了。join表示參加，加入(某個(gè)組織)時(shí)， 后面不加介詞in；表示參加(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))時(shí)，才加 in。8. 第一個(gè)to at 【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那樣因他講的笑話而發(fā)笑。laugh at為固定搭配，意為嘲笑，因而發(fā)笑。題組二能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空1.C 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。in the form of以的形式，with the help of在的幫助下，on the basis of 以為基礎(chǔ)，in case of如果，假使。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知選C。2.C 【解析】考查介詞。句意：我很不理解為什么人們?cè)敢庠谀菢永涞囊粋€(gè)晚上登那個(gè)島。against反對(duì)，over翻越，在上面，above在上面，超過(guò)，均不符合句意。be beyond sb.某人無(wú)法理解，符合句意，故選C。3.C 【解析】考查介詞的用法。句意：盡管我們存在分歧，但仍能找到一些共同點(diǎn)。despite即使，盡管，符合句意。4.B 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有時(shí)，很難從沙發(fā)上站起來(lái)，稍微活動(dòng)一下。手邊有那么多數(shù)碼設(shè)備，你怎么可能保持健康呢？in shape健康，符合句意。in turn輪流，相應(yīng)地；in return作為回報(bào)；in charge負(fù)責(zé)。 5.C 【解析】句意：我覺(jué)得作為教師，其主要職責(zé)之一就是幫助學(xué)生成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者。as作介詞有作為的意思，符合語(yǔ)境。 6.B 【解析】句意：這些評(píng)論是對(duì)某些經(jīng)常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛?wèn)到的問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。in memory of紀(jì)念； in response to回應(yīng)； in touch with聯(lián)系；in possession of擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的作用，根據(jù)常識(shí)和句意，評(píng)論應(yīng)該是對(duì)問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。所以答案是B。7.C 【解析】句意：很多人工作是因?yàn)檫@是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的確喜歡工作的。根據(jù)前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示對(duì)比。As a result意為結(jié)果，In addition 意為此外， By contrast意為相反， In conclusion意為結(jié)論。不可避免表述到一種無(wú)奈，也就是說(shuō)，很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表達(dá)是事實(shí)上有些人喜歡工作， 喜歡和不得不剛好構(gòu)成一種否定，所以選C。8.A 【解析】考查介詞辨析。of關(guān)于，表示從屬關(guān)系； on表示在之上； to表示對(duì)于； with表示和在一起。句意：他們共有的關(guān)于他們學(xué)校的記憶是校服。have a memory of對(duì)有記憶，是固定短語(yǔ)，故選A。9.D 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。 in view of在眼里； in need of需要； in touch with和接觸； In harmony with與和諧相處。這四個(gè)短語(yǔ)后面都應(yīng)該接名詞，該句意思為：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我們生存下來(lái)的唯一的方法就是與自然和諧相處。根據(jù)句意，故選D。10.D 【解析】句意：要不是愛(ài)迪生的發(fā)明，今天我們身邊享用的很多東西都將不復(fù)存在。thanks to 多虧，具有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性，如將題干改成_ Thomas  Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things  around us.則選A項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)不管，不顧；C項(xiàng)除了；D項(xiàng)要不是，常用于隱藏式（含蓄式）虛擬條件句。故選D項(xiàng)。II.語(yǔ)篇填空1.along/down2.like3.for4.with5.off6.on7.up8.in9.on10.on題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .這是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。2. B 【解析】考查介詞詞組詞義辨析。我高興的是我在那兒及時(shí)幫助了我的兒子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及時(shí)；C. for sure