2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第三講 冠詞講與練 新人教版

第三講冠詞李仕才第一課時知識過關(guān)課讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分的冠詞用法。Tom，a1 classmate of mine, is a2 Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a3 teacher, is considered to be the4 most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the5 last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study the6 more knowledge youll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the7 radio. Both of them are working for the8 Students Union. They are of an9 age and I am a10 year older than they are.We are good friends because we have a11 lot in common. First of all, the three of us were born in the12 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the13 violin and love sports. We play football twice a14 week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the15 disabled. For example, we often go to a village near our school to look after the16 Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a17 Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didnt go back home until the18_sun set.1.泛指的一個，用不定冠詞。2.表示“像一樣的人”，用不定冠詞。3.職業(yè)身份前，表示類別，用不定冠詞。4.形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。5.序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。6.構(gòu)成句式：the more.the more.(越就越)。7.表類屬。8.普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。9.表示“同一”，用不定冠詞。10.表示數(shù)量“一”，用不定冠詞。11.構(gòu)成短語a lot。12.在逢整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞前表示年代，用定冠詞。13.在表示演奏play后，西洋樂器名詞前，用定冠詞。14.表示“每一”，用不定冠詞。15.用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人，用定冠詞。16.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示某夫婦或一家人，用定冠詞。17.表示“某一”，用不定冠詞。18.在獨一無二的事物前，用定冠詞。.單句填空(用a，an或the填空)1.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.2.A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet.3.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet.4.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.5.Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.6.Take your timeits just a short distance from here to the restaurant.7.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.8.We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.9.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.10.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was a threehour journey.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。)1.In China, more and more children are learning to play piano nowadays.在play后加the2.There is no doubt that little Tom is a honest boy.aan3.Out of the curiosity, he opened the novel.去掉Out_of后的the4.I didnt have own room till my sister left for college.在own前加my5.The moment he saw her, he opened arms and hugged her.在arms前加his6.A selfie(自拍照)is a type of selfportrait photograph, typically taken with handheld digital camera or camera phone.在with后加a7.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what a boy would do.第二個boy前的athe8.70% of students surveyed hold the view that rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.在students前加the9.Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in same home？在same前加the10.Karl Marx began to learn English in the fifties.thehis.語篇填空(在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。)Today our school organized all the students to take part in 1._ report at the meeting room in our school.Albert，2._ ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English. Albert，3._ professor in Beijing University, graduated from 4._ English Department of Oxford University in 1985. He said we should form 5._ habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class. When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active. If so，we can absorb 6._ large amount of knowledge. After class, we should read more English passages, which is important for the English learners. By doing this, we are not only informed what happens in 7._ world，but we can also review 8._ large number of former words. After 9._ period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. In 10._ word, English isnt difficult to learn, as long as we do what he told us.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 主要是講同學(xué)們通過聽Albert教授的講座，學(xué)到了一些學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。1.a泛指，是指一個報告。2.anordinary是由元音音標(biāo)開頭，故用an。an ordinary man“一位普通人”。3.a泛指，這里指Albert是北京大學(xué)的“一名”教授。4.the由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。5.the受表示特指的of短語修飾，form the habit of意為“養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣”。6.a固定搭配a large amount of意為“許多”，與不可數(shù)名詞連用。7.the世界上獨一無二的事物要用定冠詞。8.a固定搭配a large number of意為“許多”，與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。9.aa period of意為“一段時間”。10.a固定搭配in a word意為“總之”。第二課時高考研究課冠詞在語法填空中的考查點規(guī)律方法 1. 位置因素：名詞前，有時在形容詞前(表示一類人)。2設(shè)題特點：該考查點常常以自由填空的形式出現(xiàn)。3語境信息：在確定應(yīng)該填冠詞的前提下，根據(jù)語境分析所填冠詞的類型。4牢記固定搭配中的冠詞。真題驗證11This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.(2017·全國卷)答案thetop是名詞，前面要用冠詞，此處特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠詞the。2As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017·全國卷)答案aas a result因此，為固定搭配。3But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting. Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as _ model in New York.(2017·全國卷)答案a此處句意為“作為紐約的一名模特”，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞model前應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞a，表示“一，一名”。4For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder.(2017·浙江卷)答案a此處wonder為可數(shù)名詞，表示“奇跡，奇事”，此處為泛指，故要用不定冠詞a。5Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全國卷)答案a短語搭配for a while意為：一會兒。6The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_ other is with mumshe never suspects. (2016·全國卷)答案theone.the other.意為：一個；另外一個。7. _ prize for the winner of the competition is a twoweek holiday in Paris.(2016·浙江卷改編)答案The名詞prize后有限制性定語，故應(yīng)使用the表示特指。8. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.(2015·廣東卷)答案a由語境可知此處表示泛指 “一座農(nóng)場”。9Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven. (2015·四川卷改編)答案a由語境可知此處表示泛指，a Beethoven 意為“一個和貝多芬才華相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕薄?0. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全國卷)答案the由most可知此處應(yīng)該填the，表示最高級。冠詞在短文改錯中的考查點規(guī)律方法 1定位分析：名詞前是否應(yīng)該有冠詞填上必要冠詞；刪掉多余冠詞。2語境分析：名詞前冠詞是否正確誤用冠詞改正。真題驗證21They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017·全國卷)_答案第二句about后的aan/onehour以元音音素開頭，且是可數(shù)名詞，所以表示一個小時用an/one hour。2I still remember how hard first day was.(2017·全國卷)_答案hard后面加the/my此處特指我學(xué)習(xí)開車的第一天，所以在first day前面加the/my。3Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.(2017·全國卷)_答案在picture之前加the或this此處特指作者提到的這張照片，故在名詞前加定冠詞the或指示代詞this。4. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016·全國卷)_答案theaa short period of time意為：一段短暫的時間；此處使用不定冠詞表示泛指。5But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016·全國卷)_答案world前加theworld前面常常加定冠詞表示“全世界”。6. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全國卷)_答案去掉the短語搭配at first意為：最初。7One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. (2015·全國卷)_答案outside后的athe此處shop為第二次出現(xiàn)，故使用定冠詞表示特指。8. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015·浙江卷)_答案hurry前加a短語in a hurry意為：急忙；匆忙。9As result, the plants are growing everywhere.(全國卷)_答案As后加a短語搭配as a result意為：結(jié)果。10That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！(陜西卷)_答案aanimpressive lesson為元音音素開頭，故使用an。第三課時寫作增分課冠詞在寫作中的增分點一、遇到名詞要考慮前面冠詞是特指還是類指1水對于我們生活很重要，因此我們要盡我們最大的努力來阻止它被污染。(be important to, do our best, prevent. from, pollute)Water_is_important_to_our_life,_so_we_must_do_our_best_to_prevent_it_from_being_polluted.2我的家鄉(xiāng)附近那條河里的水已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染。我們要求政府盡早采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣肀Ｗo(hù)它。(be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as)The_water_in_the_river_near_my_hometown_has_been_polluted_seriously.We_demand_the_government_take_appropriate_measures_to_protect_it_as_soon_as_possible.3都說老師們過著簡樸的生活，但我認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師很有意義。(be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful)Teachers_are_said_to_live_a_simple_life,_but_I_think_being_a_teacher_is_meaningful.4計算機(jī)在我們生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。(computer, play a part/role in)The_computer_plays_a_more_and_more_important_part/role_in_our_life或Computers play_a_more_and_more_important_part/role_in_our_life.5中午的時候在沒有任何保護(hù)措施的情況下直視太陽對我們的眼睛有害。(be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection)It_is_harmful_to_our_eyes_to_look_straight_at_the_sun_without_any_protection_at_noon.二、活用不定冠詞a，an1就在那時，有一個七歲的小女孩正步行穿越馬路。(there be, walk across)Just_then,_there_was_a_sevenyearold_girl_walking across the street.2要學(xué)好英語，一本好的詞典是必需的。(dictionary, a must)To_learn_English_well,_a_good_dictionary_is_a_must.三、掌握好名詞前用the的各種情況1會議將于周四下午三點到四點在位于3號樓四樓的402房間舉行。(be held)The_meeting_will_be_held_in_Room_402_on_the_fourth_floor_of_Building_3_from_3_pm_to_4_pm_on_Thursday_afternoon.2她的歌曲在年輕人和老年人中都很受歡迎。(be popular with, as well as)Her_songs_are_very_popular_with_the_young_as_well_as_the_old.3那座廟建于清代，已經(jīng)有七百多年的歷史了。它在20世紀(jì)90年代由政府出資修繕過。(build, dynasty, the temple, a history of, restore, government, at ones expense)Built_in_the_Qing_dynasty,_the_temple_has_a_history_of_700_years._It_was_restored_at_the_governments_expense_in_the_1990s.4他拉住我的手說：“你幫助我，我真的很感激?！?take sb by, be grateful to sb for, help out)He_took_me_by_the_hand_and_said,_“Im_really_grateful_to_you_for_helping_me_out.” 8