2018秋高中英語 Unit 2 English around the world同步練習 新人教版必修1

Unit 2 English around the world話題誦讀 日積月累The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes(部落)who invaded(侵略)Britain during the 5th century.Old EnglishThe invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages，which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English.Old English didn't sound or look like English today.Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English speakers.However，about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.Middle EnglishIn 1066，the Norman invaded and conquered England.They also brought with them a kind of French，which became the language of the ruling and business classes.For a period，the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century，English became a main language in Britain again，with many French words added.This language is called Middle English.Late Modern EnglishThe main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many more words，resulting from two main factors：firstly，technology development created a need for new words；secondly，the British Empire at its height converted one quarter of the earth's surface，and the English language used foreign words from many countries.Now there are many other varieties of English in the world，such as Australian English，New Zealand English，Canadian English，South African English，Indian English and Caribbean English.詞海拾貝1arrival n到達2period n時期；階段3class n階層4result from 因發(fā)生；隨產生5create v. 生產；制造問題思考1The main idea of the text is _.答案：the history of the English language2When is English called Middle English?_答案：In the 14th century.3What's the main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English?_答案：Vocabulary.自主預習 步步提高詞匯識記.將單詞與其正確釋義配對1official adj.A本身；本體；身份2native adj.&n. B常常；頻繁地3actually adv. C官方的；正式的；公務的4base vt.& n. D逐漸地；逐步地5gradually adv. E流利的；流暢的6vocabulary n. F以為根據；基部；基地；基礎7spelling n. G拼寫；拼法8identity n. H本國的；本地的；本地人；本國人9fluent adj. I實際上；事實上10frequently adv. J詞匯；詞匯量；詞表答案：1.C2.H3.I4.F5.D6.J7.G8.A9E10.B.根據所給漢語提示寫出單詞1_adj. 官方的；正式的；公務的2_n. 航行；航海3_adj. 本國的；本地的n本國人；本地人4_adv. 事實上；實際上5_vt. 以為根據n基部；基礎；基地6_adj. 逐漸的；逐步的_adv. 逐漸地；逐步地7_adj. 較后的；(兩者中)后者的；后半的8_n. 本身；本體；身份9_adj. 流利的；流暢的_adv. 流利地；流暢地10_adj. 頻繁的；常見的_adv. 常常；頻繁地答案：1.official2.voyage3.native4.actually5.base6gradualgradually7.latter8.identity9.fluentfluently10.frequentfrequently.根據漢語提示寫出正確的單詞1This _(后者的) point was important.2The shipTitanic sank on its first_(航行)3They bought some new furniture to furnish their new_(公寓)4This tree looks high and strong but_(實際上) its trunk is hollow.5If your_(詞匯) is small，you will be bad in English.6She received several_(正式的) letters this morning.7The_(身份) of the killer is still unknown.8She was born in Germany and her_(本國的)language is German.答案：1.latter2.voyage3.apartment4.actually5vocabulary6.official7.identity8.native.根據語境選詞填空1She has a _English and can speak English _，for which we all admire her very much.(fluently/fluent)2Losing weight is a slow，_ process，so_she has become slimmer and slimmer.(gradually/gradual)3The_of the word is difficult，but the correct pronunciation of it can help to_it.(spell/spelling)4Our efforts are beginning to have an_effect，and _the effect has made a great difference.(actual/actually)5He is a _ visitor to the house；that is，he visits the house_(frequent/frequently)6It is the responsibility of every person to keep certain _ principles，which means every action should be_ on a certain principle.(based/basic)答案：1.fluentfluently2.gradualgradually3.spellingspell4.actualactually5.frequentfrequently6basicbased語篇理解.Skimming for the main information1What does the passage tell us?AThe brief history of the English language.BThe Modern English based more on German.CThe old English based more on French.DEnglish spoken in English.答案：A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1_ AAll languages change when cultures communicate with one another.So does English.Para.2_ BHow English spread(傳播) in the past.Para.3_ CNative English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.Para.4_ DBy the 19th century，two big changes in English spelling happened.Para.5_ EEnglish is spoken in many countries.答案：Para.1BPara.2CPara.3APara.4DPara.5E.Scanning for detailed information1How was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150?AIt was the same as the English spoken at present.BIt was more like French.CIt was based more on German.DIt was more like Danish.2Why was Shakespeare able to make use of a wider vocabulary by the 1600's?ABecause new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.BBecause Shakespeare made up many new words.CBecause British settlers moved to different countries.DBecause a new dictionary was written.3What happened to American English in the 19th century?AIt became more like British English.BIt became more like German.CIt had its own dictionary.DIts spelling was given a separate identity.4Which of the following is NOT true?AEnglish is one of the official languages in India.BEnglish developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.CChina has the largest number of English speakers.DNow more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language.答案：1.C2.A3.D4.C.Intensive reading to finish the passageAt the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from 1._They were native speakers.Today，the largest 2._ of people speaking English may be in China.A lot of Chinese people speak English 3._their foreign language.The 4._ language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries.Old English sounded more like German for it was 5._on German，but modern English 6._ more like French than German because England was once ruled by the French.Those settlers 7._the language, so Shakespeare could make use of a wider 8._ by the 1600's.Two people had great effects on the English settlement.One was Samuel Johnson, who wrote his 9._，and the other was Noah Webster, who later wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, which gave American English its own 10._答案： 1.England2.number3.as4.English5based6.sounds7.enriched8.vocabulary9dictionary10.identity閱讀素養(yǎng)提升Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English？(various answers)_答案：They may include any of these reasons：to use computers and the Internet，to trade，to learn in Western universities，to read academic journals，etc.精讀難句透析1At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.分析：此句為復雜的簡單句。句中“_”及“spoken today”皆為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾先行詞“_”。譯文：_答案：spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150the English譯文：最初，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。2Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.分析：此句為主從復合句。_引導了原因狀語從句。在狀語從句中又含有_引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞“_”，且在從句中充當主語。譯文：_答案：becausewhothose譯文：然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語不那么像德語了，因為那時的英國統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語后來講法語。知識聚焦 講練互動要點直擊1Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一種英語嗎？ 歸納拓展（1）more than one單數名詞，意為“不止一個”，在語意上雖為復數，但作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。（3）more.than.比更，與其說倒不如說（4）rather than 而不是(1)_ late for class this morning.今天早晨不止一個學生遲到了。(2)He is _ a friend to me.He is also my teacher.他不僅是我的朋友，他還是我的老師。(3)We are _ to help you.我們非常樂意幫助你。(4)He is _ lucky _ clever.與其說他聰明，不如說他幸運。答案：(1)More than one student was(2)more than(3)more than glad(4)morethan 即學即練完成句子。(1)Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job is _(超出了我力所能及的范圍)單句語法填空。(2)More than one question _(raise) at the meeting last week.(3)What we expect from you is working hard _ hardly working.答案：(1)more than I could do myself(2)was raised(3)rather than2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎，而我們現在所說的英語則不是。 歸納拓展(1)be based on/upon以為基礎；依據base.on/upon.把建立在基礎之上(2)at the base of 以為基點；在的底部as a base for 作為的素材(3)basic adj.基本的；基礎的(1)One should always _ his opinion _ facts.一個人應該始終以事實為依據發(fā)表自己的觀點。(2)We camped _ the mountain.我們在山腳下安營。(3)Our company's _ is in Beijing.我們公司總部在北京。 即學即練用base短語的適當形式填空。(1)You should _ your conclusion _ careful research.(2)I found some white flowers _ the monument.(3)The TV play，which _ a detective novel，is very popular with young people. 歸納拓展be present at出席at presentat the present time目前；現在for the present目前；暫時(4)_ they are living in the country.目前他們住在鄉(xiāng)下。(5)Many experts _ the meeting.許多專家出席了這次大會。(6)I can't remember her name _我一時想不起她的名字了。(7)The man _ the meeting is the present president of our country.出席會議的那個人是我們的現任總統(tǒng)。答案：(1)baseon(2)at the base of(3)base(4)At present(5)were present at(6)for the present(7)present at名師點津：present意為“目前的”時，常用作前置定語；意為“在場的”時，常用作后置定語。聯想“出席與缺席”的相關詞匯：present adj. 出席的；在場的；現在的；當前的presence n出席；存在；到場absent adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不在的absence n. 不在；缺席；缺乏 即學即練用適當的介詞填空。(4)We don't know how many people will be present _ the meeting _ the present.(5)How many people have been presented with the Nobel Peace Prize _ the present time?同義詞語替換。(6)Please don't worry.Your son is all right now_(7)How many people attended the meeting?_(8)Flowers were_given_to all the dancers._答案：(1)baseon(2)at the base of(3)is based on(4)atfor(5)at(6)at present(7)were present at(8)were presented to3I'd like to come up to your apartment.我樂意去你的公寓。 歸納拓展come up 走進；上來；提出come up with 提出；想出；找到come on 快點；加油come across 偶遇，碰到come out 出來；出版；開花形象記憶圖解come up(1)His name has_ a lot.他的名字被多次提到。(2)When the sun _，the heavy fog disappeared gradually.當太陽升起，濃霧就漸漸地消失了。(3)Scientists have _ a shocking idea.科學家們已提出了一個令人震驚的想法。答案：(1)come up(2)came up(3)come up with名師點津：come up表示被“提及”，其主語是被提出的內容，主動形式表示被動含義；come up with“提出”，其主語是提出動作的發(fā)出者，后面的賓語才是被提出的內容。 即學即練用適當的介、副詞填空。(1)I've never come_ such an experience in my time.(2)They came up_a cure for the disease.(3)The dictionary is being printed and it will soon come_(4)Come _please.Only a few minutes left.答案：(1)across(2)with(3)out(4)on4So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世紀時，莎士比亞能夠使用比以往任何時候都要豐富的詞匯量。 歸納拓展make use of 利用；使用make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用make the best of 充分利用make the most of 充分利用(1)We should _ our spare time to study.我們應該利用我們的業(yè)余時間去學習。(2)Ten minutes has been _ to study the problem.充分利用10分鐘的時間來研究這個問題。答案：(1)make use of(2)made full use of名師點津：make use of 的常見變形(1)把use 提前使用被動語態(tài)。(2)把use提前用作先行詞，其后接定語從句。(3)把make use of的賓語提前作主語，此短語用被動語態(tài)。 即學即練完成句子。(1)We should _ the Internet when we do research work.我們做研究工作時應當充分利用因特網。單句改錯。(2)That's the best use that we made for money._(3)Her vast experience will be made full use by us._答案：(1)make full/good use of (2)forof(3)use與by之間加of5For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.比如，由于英國在1765至1947年間統(tǒng)治著印度，所以印度有很大一部分人會講一口流利的英語。 歸納拓展a number of“許多，大量的”，和復數名詞連用。當它出現在主語前時，謂語動詞用復數形式。還可以在number 前加上形容詞 great，large，small等表示程度。the number of “的數量”，修飾可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。_ professors _ present today；_ them _600.許多教授今天都在場，他們的數量有600人。答案：A number ofarethe number ofis 即學即練用a number of，the number of 填空。(1)We have lived here for _ years.(2)There are _ students in the school，but I don't know _ the girls among them.用所給詞的適當形式填空。(3)The number of the students _(keep)rising these years，and a number of them _(come) from countryside.答案：(1)a number of(2)a number ofthe number of(3)keepscome6Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能從“閱讀”中找到下列的命令和要求嗎？ 歸納拓展(1)have a good command of掌握；精通(尤指語言)be in command of掌握；控制at sb's command聽某人支配(2)command sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that.(should) do sth命令(1)Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.另外，我的英語掌握得很好，被選為英語老師的助手。(2)The police _ the messy situation now.警察現在已控制住了混亂的形勢。(3)He has a great number of English idioms _他掌握了大量的英語成語。(4)He _ the work in an hour.He _ that we_ the work in an hour.他命令我們一個小時內完成這個工作。 即學即練單句語法填空。(1)He commanded that all the copies of the book _ (destroy)(2)Li Ping often watches English TV news in her spare time.No wonder she has _good command of English.(3)He commanded the rescue team _(climb) over the mountain in two hours. 歸納拓展(1)at sb's requestat the request of sb應某人之要求make a request/requests for.請求；要求(2)request sb to do sth請求某人做某事request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物request that.(should)do sth請求It is requested that.(should)do sth據要求(5)He came to attend the party _他應她的邀請來參加宴會。(6)You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and _ it to perform different tasks.你可以和機器人談話，問問題，還可以要求它執(zhí)行不同的任務。(7)My parents requested that I _ a second foreign language.My parents requested me _ a second foreign language.我父母要求我再學一門外語。答案：(2)are in command of(3)at his command(4)commanded us to finishcommanded (should) finish(5)at her request/at the request of her(6)make requests for(7)should learnto learn 即學即練單句語法填空。(4)Now I come here _ the request of Smith to assist him in finishing the work.(5)The request was that we _(leave)as fast as we could.(6)They made _request for more food and clothes.答案：(1)be destroyed(2)a (3)to climb(4)at(5)should leave(6)a7Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。 歸納拓展常見的插入語：to tell(you) the truth (跟你)說實話to be honest/exact老實說/準確地說generally speaking一般說來in other words換句話說what's more而且what's worse更糟糕的是that is to say也就是說(1)_，he went to that city on foot alone.信不信由你，他曾獨自步行去那個城市。(2)_，he is a maths teacher.準確地說，他是一位數學老師。 即學即練單句語法填空。(1)Believe it _ not，I was left waiting in the rain for two hours.(2)_ other words，he did pass the driving test.(3)What's _(bad)，it began to rain. 歸納拓展(1)such修飾單數名詞時，位于不定冠詞a/an之前；若名詞前有one，no，any，some，all，many等詞修飾時，such放在這些詞之后。(2)such 用作代詞，位于句首時，謂語動詞的單復數根據后面的名詞來決定。(3)He's _他就是這么一個人。(4)_ the facts.事實就是這樣。答案：(1)Believe it or not(2)To be exact(3)such a man(4)Such were 即學即練完成句子。(4)_ is enough.這樣的字典有一本就夠了。(5)_ my hope for the future.我對未來的希望就是這樣。答案：(1)or(2)In(3)worse(4)One such dictionary(5)Such is8Although many Americans move a lot，they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.雖然許多美國人經常搬遷，但是他們仍然能夠辨別、理解彼此的方言。 歸納拓展(1)recognize sb/one's voice認出某人/聽出某人的聲音recognize sb/sth as/to be 承認是be recognized to be/as.被認作/被認為是recognize that. 認識到/承認It is recognized that. 人們公認(2)recognition n認出；認識(1)The moment I answered the phone，I _ his voice.我一接電話就聽出了他的聲音。(2)People _ the sports meeting is a great success.It _ the sports meeting is a great success.The sports meeting _ a great success.人們公認這次運動會十分成功。答案：(1)recognized(2)recognize thatis recognized thatis recognized to be熟詞生義The company recognized Mr Brown's outstanding work by promoting him to chief manager.公司提升布朗先生為總經理以表彰他出色的工作。(recognize vt.賞識；表彰) 即學即練單詞語法填空。(1)He_(recognize)me，but did not smile a greeting.(2)The book is now recognized_ a classic.(3)_(recognize)a problem is the first step in finding a solution.一句多譯。(4)Lightning Bolt_ a genius for dash._ Lightning Bolt is a genius for dash.“閃電”博爾特被公認為短跑天才。答案：(1)recognized(2)as/to be(3)Recognizing(4)is recognized to be/asIt is recognized that9Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置對方言的產生也有影響。 歸納拓展play a part inplay a role in在中扮演一個角色；在方面起作用play the part/role of(角色名)扮演的角色(1)His parents _ his success.他的成功有他父母的因素在內。(2)Books _ your gaining knowledge.書在你獲得知識方面起著重要作用。(3)She _ a thief in the play.她在劇中演了一個賊。答案：(1)played a part in(2)play an important part in(3)plays the role of名師點津：(1)play a part/role in表示組織/活動/戲劇等的詞，而play the part/role of表示成員、身份或角色等的詞。(2)play a part in通常做以下變化考查：把名詞提前使用被動語態(tài)。把名詞提前用作先行詞，其后接定語從句。 即學即練完成句子。(1)He _carrying through the whole plan.他在完成整個計劃中起著重要的作用。(2)_flood control is very important.我們的軍隊在抗洪方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。(3)Do you _ all kinds of activities at school?你在學校積極參加各種活動嗎？答案：(1)played an important part in (2)The role that our army played in(3)take an active part in10Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的英語不盡相同，也可以相互理解。句式分析此句為主從復合句。even if引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使，盡管”，可以與even though互換。(1)I like her，even if/though she can be annoying at times.盡管她有時會很煩人，我還是喜歡她。(2)Even if/though we could afford it，we wouldn't go abroad for vacation.即使支付得起，我們也不出國度假。 即學即練完成句子。(1)Mr Smith likes to help us _.史密斯先生雖然很忙，但他還是愿意幫我們。(2)_，I wouldn't go.即使受到邀請，我也不去。答案：(1)even if/though he is very busy(2)Even if invited11As we know，British English is a little different from American English.眾所周知，英式英語與美式英語有所不同。句式分析該句中as引導非限制性定語從句，且在從句中充當know的賓語，as指代整個主句的內容。as引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞往往是整個主句，常譯為“正像一樣，正如一樣”。常見的表達方式有：as is well known 眾所周知；as often happens 這種情況經常發(fā)生；as is often the case情況常常這樣；as is supposed 如所預料的；as has been pointed out 如所指出的；as has been said before 如前所述；as I can remember 正如我所記得的；as we expect 正如我們所預料的那樣。(1)_，the moon travels around the earth.眾所周知，月亮圍著地球轉。(2)We were sitting，_，in a riverside restaurant.我記得我們當時是坐在一個河畔的餐館里。答案：(1)As we all know(2)as I remember 即學即練完成句子。(1)_，few people are t