備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語 糾錯筆記系列 專題01 名詞、主謂一致和冠詞（含解析）

專題01 名詞、主謂一致和冠詞易錯點(diǎn)1 望詞生義1. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick【錯因分析】本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析名詞詞義的能力。由后文的回答可以推斷本題答案，我只是按照食譜上說明書（做蛋糕），那么前面問的肯定是你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？再根據(jù)初步判斷去看選項，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不準(zhǔn)，尤其是D,考生可能會想到play tricks,認(rèn)為是把戲的意思，就錯選成A了。但是A僅僅有特征之意，D在此由把戲被轉(zhuǎn)化為技巧，類似于tips?！緟⒖即鸢浮?D 同義詞、近義詞甚至是形近詞有著不同的含義和適用場合，要特別注意在特定語境中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯和語法知識的能力。平時要努力擴(kuò)大詞匯量，做題時要深入理解語境，整體把握，結(jié)合句意作出最佳選擇。名詞詞義辨析是高考的熱點(diǎn)，主要考查考生結(jié)合語境區(qū)分詞義的能力，因而在記憶單詞時，一定要結(jié)合語境體會其意義。如近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的：(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(聲譽(yù))；contribution(貢獻(xiàn))；civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(職業(yè))；adaptation(適應(yīng)，改編)；appreciation(欣賞)1.Her_for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualification C. talentD. technique【解析】 A項表示動力，激勵；B項為資格；C項是才能，天賦；D項表示技巧。句意上她寫作的動力源自為女性獲得更高教育的權(quán)利。故選A?！敬鸢浮?A 【名師點(diǎn)睛】A、B形式相近，容易讓考生迷惑，不知意思。C、D讀音較為相近，又讓考生犯疑惑了。此時就分析題目，抓住題干中的desire，把題干簡化為Her_for writing was a desire，這樣看來，其實就在考查desire的近義詞，下面哪個選項意為渴望、心愿就是正確答案。多角度解題是考生致勝的關(guān)鍵。易錯點(diǎn)2 主謂一致錯誤2. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take【錯因分析】 此題易錯選D，關(guān)鍵是第二空的主語容易弄混，因此誤選答案D?！緟⒖即鸢浮緼1.如果主語有more than one很多 非常，或many a許多，構(gòu)成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。2.each作主語或修飾主語時 1)單獨(dú)用作主語(或修飾主語)，謂語用單數(shù)：Each student has his own desk. 每個學(xué)生都有自己的課桌。 Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個男孩進(jìn)來，每人提著一只箱子。 【注意】 (1) 兩個或多個each+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)并列作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 (2) each of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞用作主語，謂語一般要用單數(shù) Each of them was deeply frightened. 他們個個都驚恐萬分。 但是在非正式文體中(尤其是當(dāng) each of之后的名詞較長時)偶爾也可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，但很少見，學(xué)生宜慎用。 2)each 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語 此時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)： They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。 4. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣，作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由上下文決定(尤其注意其前的修飾語)，這一類名詞有： means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。5. kind種類作主語 6. 在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture. 7.分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。8. 表時間長度、錢數(shù)、速度等的詞組作主語，此時通常將其視為整體，謂語用單數(shù)。2. All we need_a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】C易錯點(diǎn)3 誤用冠詞3.I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday becauseeverybody was at _ church.A. a, theB. a,不填C.不填, aD.不填,不填【錯因分析】容易誤選 D，因為星期名詞前不加冠詞；而 at church表示在教堂里做禮拜，其中也不用冠詞?！緟⒖即鸢浮緽冠詞的考查一直以來是一個易錯點(diǎn)，雖然冠詞只有3個(a , an, the) 但是麻雀雖小五臟俱全，考查起來往往會弄錯。名詞第一次出現(xiàn)或泛指時，冠詞用a/an，但名詞的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）發(fā)音時，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。名詞第二次出現(xiàn)用the；強(qiáng)調(diào)特指時用the；the + 最高級， the + 形容詞（rich 富人, poor窮人, wounded傷者, dead死者, elderly長者）表某一類人 the+比較級（the more . the better）the +序數(shù)詞 （表順序）；'a+ 序數(shù)詞 （表又，再），固定搭配 (in the way 擋道)另外也需要注意零冠詞的情況。零冠詞用法歸納：獨(dú)一職位在某地，用作表/補(bǔ)/同位語；獨(dú)立主格作狀語，用by短語表方式；man字一詞指人類，對比含義兩名詞；系詞turn+名單數(shù)，街/路/期刊與雜志；具體意義變抽象，as/though之倒裝句；人名/地名/國一詞，抽象/物質(zhì)不特指；橋名/單島/單山峰，一專加一普專用詞；月份/星期/節(jié)假日，學(xué)科/語言/稱呼語；顏色/病名/五感覺，棋類/球類/三餐詞；復(fù)數(shù)名詞系泛指，固定詞組慣用語；以上情況請記住，其前均用零冠詞。3. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【解析】句意：一個人越有學(xué)識，他就越可能更謙虛。使用the +比較級+主謂， the +比較級+主謂的句型，所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼【名師點(diǎn)睛】冠詞的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠詞的一些固定搭配中冠詞的使用。這里用的是：the +比較級+主謂， the +比較級+主謂的句型，學(xué)生在平時應(yīng)該多積累這些包含冠詞的短語和句型。易錯點(diǎn)4序數(shù)詞、比較級、最高級前誤用定冠詞4.His English is _ second to none. And he is going to learn _ second language in _ second grade.A/；a；the Bthe；the；aC/；the；a Da；the；the【錯因分析】 此題涉及序數(shù)詞，很多學(xué)生誤以為序數(shù)詞a前都要用定冠詞the，因此易錯選答案。【參考答案】 A序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞而不用定冠詞the的情況：1泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個。A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教師不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣講話。2用于序數(shù)詞前表示又一再一。用于形容詞最高級前意為很，非常。We'll have to do it a second time.我們得再做一次。He is a most wise man.他是一個十分明智的人。3用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。He was a success in business.他是事業(yè)成功人士。4在專有名詞前表示某一個類似的一個。A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想見你。5用于of短語中表示同一(the same)。Tom and Kate are of an age.湯姆與凱特同歲。4. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【解析】句意：一個人越有學(xué)識，他就越可能更謙虛。使用the +比較級+主謂， the +比較級+主謂的句型，所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼易錯點(diǎn)5 名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義5. Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well, you know, English is my _. So it is my best choice.A. strength B. talent B. ability C. skill【錯因分析】 很多考生不知道此題該選擇哪一個，關(guān)健問題是弄不清楚strength的詞義?！緟⒖即鸢浮緼 名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，因此在復(fù)習(xí)過程中，要注意學(xué)會在語境中掌握同義詞的細(xì)微差別，全面掌握詞匯的多層含義。如interest既要知道它有興趣，趣味的意思，又要知道它的另一層意思：利益；好處。The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【解析】試題分析：句意：天氣預(yù)報說今天會是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影響；B.感覺；C.改變；D.機(jī)會，可能性。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿一、疑難名詞比較與辨析1.force; energy; strength; powerforce表示力、力量的意思。指為做或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事而實際運(yùn)用的力量。He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良習(xí)慣。Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 這些人是社會的進(jìn)步力量。energy主要強(qiáng)調(diào)精力，指用來做某事或完成某事的能力。還可以指能源。Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多國家正在提高天然氣、風(fēng)以及其他能源形式的利用。strength表示力的意思。指做事情的-種內(nèi)在能力。就人而育，著重指力氣；就物而言，著重指強(qiáng)度潛力等。He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力氣舉起了那塊石頭。The side man hasnt got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人還沒有足夠的力氣下床。power 表示 能力、能量、動力的意思。指身體上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否發(fā)揮出)。Knowledge is power.知識就是力 量。I shall do everything in my power to help you.我將盡我的能力幫助你。2.manner; means; method; waymanner表示方式、方法的意思。指個人喜歡采用的方式。The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他們相見的方式似乎有些傳奇色彩。He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己獨(dú)特的演出風(fēng)格。means表示方法、手段 、工具的意思。Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 學(xué)生有時通過晚上打工的方法來養(yǎng)活自己。The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飛機(jī)。Have you the means to support a family? 你有維持家的方法沒有?method指做某事的具體步驟或程序，也指系統(tǒng)的、抽象概念的原理。His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不錯，但是缺少方法。He is a man of method.他是個有條理的人。method of teaching 教學(xué)方法 method of study 學(xué)習(xí)方法Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一種方法。way是最通用的詞，也是最不正式的詞，本義是通道、通路，引申作方式、方法講，含義很廣。In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就這樣過了幾天，這位藝術(shù)家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像這樣搞它。My parents always let me have my own way of living.3.cost; price; value; worth; expensecost表示成本、費(fèi)用的意思。 原指生產(chǎn)某種物品的成本 ，包括生產(chǎn)中所支付的原料和勞動。一般要低于售價，有時也可用來泛指價格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代價，甚至生命。As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本將會降低90% 之多。China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 中國日報刊登大量廣告有助于降低報紙生產(chǎn)的成本。price表示價格、價錢、定價的意思。 指經(jīng)營商品出售的單價，通常要高于商品的出廠成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代價。Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把價格講下來嗎?They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他們可以在首都以高價出售他們的牛肉。value表示價值、價格。指我們所估計一件東西的價值，因此是不能 以金錢估價的。Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他們現(xiàn)在再一次寫常人常事現(xiàn)代世界中的孤獨(dú)感及交好朋友的價值等等。The park is good value for the money.公園花這么多錢值得。worth意思是價值。指東西本身的真正價值，是經(jīng)久不變的，是可貴的。It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他問我這臺計算機(jī)值多少錢。expense意思是費(fèi)用、支出、開銷，指花費(fèi)金錢、時間和精力。We travelled to France at our own expense. 我們自費(fèi)去法國旅行了。Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 知道誰將擔(dān)負(fù)你訪問日本的費(fèi)用嗎?4.land; ground; soil; earthland表示陸地、土地、地，是河流和海洋的相對用語。用于指土地或土壤時，著重指它的性質(zhì)、用途等。有時泛指大地，也可作國家、地產(chǎn)講。The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.巖石地已變成了沃土。But some people dont want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的農(nóng)田用來修建廠房。To the sea captains surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船長吃驚的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)陸地旅行也很愉快。ground(n. )表示地、土地的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、場地。也可用于借喻指根據(jù)、理由。He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他學(xué)會了在種植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，當(dāng)二班運(yùn)動員傳給第四棒時，接力棒掉在地上了。soil表示土壤、土地，指可以生長植物且富有有機(jī)物的沃土，宜于農(nóng)耕。When the plants are in the ground, Ill put some powder on the soil.當(dāng)植物種到地里時，我將給地里撒些粉劑。He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤環(huán)境。earth表示地、地球、泥土，著重指大地，以別于天空。作泥土解時，常用于以別于堅硬的巖石。Later, in a few weeks time Ill put the little plants in the earth. 幾星期后，我將把小植物埋在泥土里。5.practice; exercise; training; drillpractice; exercise; training; drill都表示練習(xí)、訓(xùn)練的意思。training表示訓(xùn)練、培養(yǎng)、教練、鍛煉的意思。一般指對于身體的鍛煉、對動物的訓(xùn)練、對士兵的訓(xùn)練等。These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.這些足球隊員直到加入我們俱樂部才受到嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。The athlete is in training.這個運(yùn)動員鍛煉得好。The home training of children is the first class social problem. 兒童的家庭教育是社會的頭等問題。exercise主要指為提高技巧或業(yè)務(wù)水平而規(guī)定的練習(xí)或體格鍛煉。The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 書中有一系列按難易排列的練習(xí)適于初學(xué)者應(yīng)用。You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多進(jìn)行戶外運(yùn)動。practice主要指正規(guī)的、有條理的、不斷反復(fù)的 練習(xí)或把理論道理貫徹在行動中的 實踐。More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多練習(xí)會使你口語更流利。The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理論和實踐的統(tǒng)一是馬克思主義的基本論點(diǎn)之一。drill表示操練、訓(xùn)練的意思。一般指嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練或反反復(fù)復(fù)練習(xí)或軍事上的練兵。Lets do some pattern drills.咱們做些句型練習(xí)吧。The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵們在營場上操練。6.sign; signal; mark; symbolsign表示 符號、記號、招牌等意思。是最普通的用語，指一個具有公認(rèn)意義的、簡單的、隨意制定的代表物。Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用來代表聲音的符號。Youll see the sign for the rest rooms.你將看到休息室的指示牌。signal表示 暗號、信號的意思。有時是有意的;有時是無意的。有意的，如強(qiáng)風(fēng)訊號、求救信號等。There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那兒電信號又變成聲音。mark表示 痕跡、記號、商標(biāo)、特征、分?jǐn)?shù)的意思。指印在物品上的記號，可用在好壞兩個方面。作動詞時，表示標(biāo)明、作記號的意思。He got full marks in his maths test. 他在數(shù)學(xué)測試中得了滿分。Each stone was marked with a number. 每個石頭上都標(biāo)明號碼。symbol表示 象征的意思，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)故意用來包含某一特定意義的東西，或故意構(gòu)成的傳達(dá)某一特定意義的事物。a good luck symbol 好運(yùn)氣的象征The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 獅子被看作百獸之王，是因為它是勇氣與權(quán)利的象征。二、學(xué)習(xí)冠詞的難點(diǎn)1.在特殊情況下混用a和an關(guān)于a和an的一般區(qū)別，同學(xué)們可能比較清楚，也不易搞錯，但是對于數(shù)字和字母前用該用不定冠詞a還是an，則是許多考生可能忽略的問題。如：They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他們有一個8歲大的女兒。(數(shù)字8在英語中讀音與eight同，故其前用an，不用a;類似地，我們要說an 11-year-old child，不能說a 11-year-old boy。)Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我們的女兒給我們發(fā)來了再要點(diǎn)錢的求救信號。(字母s的讀音為es，它的第一個音為元音，故其前要用an。)2.星期名詞前冠詞的使用問題表示星期的名詞(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不與冠詞連用，但有時為了表示特指可以帶定冠詞;若表示不確定的某一個，其前可用不定冠詞。如：When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日慶祝會在哪天舉行?就在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣誕節(jié)是星期一。You wont catch me working on a Sunday! 你絕對見不到我在星期日工作!He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店從不營業(yè)。We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back. 在她回去后的那個星期五我們收到了她的明信片。When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日慶祝會能在哪天舉行?在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。3.三餐飯前冠詞的使用問題一般說來，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠詞。如：Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供應(yīng)到上午9點(diǎn)。Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能來吃午飯嗎?但是，若要特指某一頓早餐、中餐或晚餐，則可在其前加定冠詞。如：The supper is well cooked. 晚飯做得很好。Thank you for the breakfast. 謝謝你的這頓早餐。另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描繪性定語的修飾，則其前通常要用不定冠詞。如：We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我們動身前好好吃頓早飯。Ive got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃熱食的習(xí)慣。After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就趕到車站去了。We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 為了去旅行, 我們早餐都吃得飽飽的。4.冠詞的非前位用法限定語與所修飾的中心名詞的關(guān)系一般順序是：冠詞+表示大小尺寸的限定詞+表示顏色的限定詞+表示原材料的限定詞+中心名詞。但在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，冠詞放在了形容詞之后。【錦囊妙計】1.不定冠詞用在quite，rather，many，half，what，much等詞之后。例如：He is rather a fool.What did you think of the concert？Oh，it was quite a success.2.不定冠詞用在so（as，too，how）+形容詞之后。例如：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.Its too difficult a book for us to read.注意：以元音音素開頭的名詞前加不定冠詞時用an。例如：an apple。即使單詞拼寫以輔音字母開頭，但該詞的讀音是元音音素開頭，加不定冠詞時也要用an，例如：an hour，an honest boy；反之，拼寫以元音字母開頭，但讀音是輔音，加不定冠詞時要用a，例如：a university。3.sothat與suchthat:sothat和suchthat都作如此以致解，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。常見句型如下：sosuchthat和sothat有時可以換用，條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，且該名詞還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如下：such a/an+形容詞+名詞so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。例如：He is such a good student that we all like him.He is so good a student that we all like him。但是，如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則只能用such，不能用so修飾。例如：It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many，few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little等表示量的形容詞時，應(yīng)該用so而不用such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together（維持生活）。但little不表示數(shù)量而表示小的意思時，仍用such。例如：They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.三、高考主謂一致的知識結(jié)構(gòu)一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語法一致1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語法一致6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 邏輯一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.4. 表數(shù)量的短語one and a half后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句邏輯一致5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. 定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞，表示某一類人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語時， 謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 當(dāng)兩個主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.【巧學(xué)妙記】主謂一致記憶口訣單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見，集體名詞謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員，復(fù)數(shù)謂語記心間。有些名詞謂常復(fù)，people, police即這般。主語單數(shù)后接介，謂語單數(shù)介無關(guān)。many a作主語也如此，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單。or、nor、but also、there be，近主原則掛嘴邊。關(guān)系代詞定主語，謂語根據(jù)先行詞判。不定式短語、動名詞，主語從句謂全單。時間、貨幣與距離，謂語多單復(fù)少見，rest，means，following等，意義決定其復(fù)、單。none，all，half of等，of之賓語定答案。還有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，仍據(jù)of之賓定復(fù)、單。代詞all指人謂復(fù)數(shù)，all指事情謂用單。量詞用法請注意，謂語要隨量詞變。and連接兩名詞，身兼兩職一定冠。no，each，every后單名，兩種事物一概念。以上情況請記清，謂語動詞全用單。形容詞帶the一類人，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)加定冠，-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈與群島，謂語用復(fù)勿用單。代詞neither，either，each，用作主語謂全單。1.（2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。2.（2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯）Last winter when I went here（改為there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken改為chickens【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。他們擁有一個大的獨(dú)立住宅，還養(yǎng)了許多只雞。根據(jù)前文的dozens of可知，其后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. （2018·全國新課標(biāo)卷II·短文改錯）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays改為Friday。4. （2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改為a 【解析】考查冠詞。這里表示“作為一個孩子”，a用在表示泛指的單數(shù)名詞前，the表示特指。故把the改為a。5.（2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。6. （2017·全國新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects 【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是一些不為人知的副作用，根據(jù)前文的some可知side effect(副作用)有很多，故填effects。7. At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics。A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】D 8. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct_.A. solution          B. targetC. measure          D. function【答案】A【解析】 句意：學(xué)校顧問會幫你梳理一下你的問題，但是他們不會給你任何直接的解決辦法。本題考查名詞辨析。solution 解決問題的辦法；target目標(biāo)，靶子；measure措施；function功能，作用。根據(jù)句意可知選A。9.（2016·江蘇卷·單項填空） Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipe B. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條；句意：你能告訴我你對幸福長壽的秘密嗎？當(dāng)然是盡情享受每一天。根據(jù)句意可知A項意為秘訣，與上下文相符。10.（2017·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示結(jié)果。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。故填a。11.（2016·全國新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a【解析】介詞短語for a while意為一會兒，本句是指通過鍛煉或做一些你喜歡的事情，讓你的身體和大腦