2021版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時提能練41-42 北師大版

課時提能練41-42課時提能練(四十一)選修7Unit 21Human Biology(A)課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.單句語法填空1Local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.2I will not idle (虛度) away my time and be sorry in vain when my youthful head becomes white.3I would rather surf the Internet than go to the cinema.4The meeting which is reported to_be_held (hold) this month has been put off till the end of next month.5It's cruel of him to kill his mother.單句改錯1It is nice for you to give us so much help.forof2Strangely，Mr Green，opposing to the new policy，made no remark in the discussion.opposingopposed3I always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith后加that4My deskmate，rather than you，are responsible for the work.areis5He made fortune in his business trade last year.made后加a.選詞成篇Astraight away，cater to，get down to，at random，focus on，in despair，bring up，be responsible for，stop it in its tracksSome schools 1.focus_on the number of the students admitted to key universities.In order to 2.cater_to the request of society，they 3.get_down_to adding lessons 4.at_random.As a result，a lot of students think they're 5.in_despair and tired of being 6.brought_up at school.Some parents think that the local government should 7.be_responsible_for it and should 8.stop_it_in_its_tracks 9.straight_away.Bwipe out，rob.of.，at any rate，in vain，prohibit.from.，at all costs，submit toThree robbers were believed to have 10.robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday. The government ordered that the police should find the robbers 11.at_any_rate.The police immediately blocked the main roads and 12.prohibited the suspects from escaping but 13.in_vain.The authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be 14.wiped_out 15.at_all_costs.At present，the police are seeking the information about the case and urge the criminal to 16.submit_to the police.完成句子1The village shouldn't_have_been_wiped_out (本不應(yīng)該被徹底沖走的)if the trees around it had been protected well enough.2Most of us are doubtful_whether (懷疑是否)the boy really had_his_purse_ robbed_of (被搶了錢包)on his way home yesterday.3We_must_take_measures (我們必須采取措施)to get the prices to decline by 10 percent at any rate.4Generally speaking，it is wrong to achieve your aim at_the_cost_of_your _health(以你的健康為代價)5Having_been_here_for_a_year(待在這兒一年了)，I fit in quite well now despite some difficulties.課時作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解A(2019·綿陽市第一次診斷)We are what we eat.That is an old expression，but one worth knowing.A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy foodand not too much of itlive longer.But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets Mediterranean diet，New Nordic diet，Japanese diet and French dietmay be very different，but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods，which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits，vegetables，whole grains，nuts and olive oil.The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉)Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye，vegetables such as carrots，broccoli and eggs，seafood，fruits，oil，low­fat milk and cheese.Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet，with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80.The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life.The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients.Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed，tofu，rice，vegetables and fish.The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.However，F(xiàn)rench people eat fatty foods but do not get fat.And they live a long time.This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple.They eat less.Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries.And generally speaking，most French people do not snack.This means they do not eat food between meals.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。1What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?AThey contain abundant calories.BThey tend to be expensive.CThey share certain similarities.DThey reflect popular tastes.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“may be very different，but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods，which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，盡管有不同之處，但世界上最健康的飲食都使用很多當(dāng)?shù)氐暮蜁r令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鮮，更少的紅肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的飲食有一定的相似之處，故選C項。2What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?AGoing low in calories.BEating to the fullest.CHaving much seafood.DPicking many foods.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full”可知，日本的傳統(tǒng)是吃八成飽。由此可推知，吃得很飽在日本被認(rèn)為是不良的飲食習(xí)慣，故選B項。3How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?ABy building connections.BBy exploring reasons.CBy listing examples.DBy analyzing figures.C寫作手法題。通讀后四段可知，作者列舉了這些健康飲食中的食物，故本文后四段是通過舉例子的方式來說明中心觀點的。4Which can be the most suitable title for the text?AWhat is the healthiest diet on earth?BHow does the old expression serve?CWhy is a healthy diet so important?DWhere can we feed ourselves well?A標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。故A項作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。B(2019·昆明市摸底調(diào)研)A new study shows that rising levels of planet­warming gases may reduce important nutrients(營養(yǎng)物) in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice.In the experiment，scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan.They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century.Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average,13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白質(zhì))The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However，vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The researchers said the effects of planet­warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries.These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets.That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia，Cambodia，Myanmar，Bangladesh，Laos and other nations，mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production.And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet­warming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了溫室氣體如何減少糧食作物中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)以及降低氣候變化對營養(yǎng)物的損害的方法。5Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may _.Aincrease iron in the riceBmake it less nutritiousCcause losses of vitamin EDmake it more deliciousB細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average,13 to 30 percent lower levels.less protein(蛋白質(zhì))”可知，B項為正確答案。A、C、D三項的表述均與原文表述不符。6How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?ABy importing rice from China and Japan.BBy taking other kinds of food instead of rice.CBy avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.DBy growing rice suitable for the environment.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels”可知，D項為正確答案。7What's the author's purpose of writing the text?ATo inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.BTo call on people to care for the planet they live on.CTo share the results of some studies on people's diets.DTo tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.B寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文通過介紹溫室氣體增加對糧食作物的影響來喚起人們對人類賴以生存的地球家園的保護(hù)。故選B。8In which part of a magazine can you read the text?AAdvertisements.BArt and culture.CScience reports.DBusiness news.C推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是文中的“study” “Researchers” “studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究報道，在雜志的科學(xué)報道部分能讀到本文。.完形填空(2019·長沙市統(tǒng)一模擬)Steve was a seventh grader，a big boy，looking more like a teenager than a 12­year­old.Yet，he went unnoticedhe had been _1_ every examination since first gradeuntil Miss Wilma appeared.In the middle of the first semester of school，the entire seventh grade was _2_ for basic skills.“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the _3_， “except for one boy.And it _4_ my heart to tell you this，but.” she _5_，“the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve _6_ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.After that，Steve still wouldn't do his homework.Even if Miss Wilma _7_ punished him，he remained _8_.“Steve，please! I care about you！”_9_， Steve got it! “Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”O(jiān)ne Monday a couple of weeks later，Miss Wilma gave a _10_ on the weekend homework.Steve _11_ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.With a look of _12_， Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.Miss Wilma's face was in a _13_ shock! She glanced up at Steve，then _14_， then up.The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!From that moment，nothing was the same for Steve.He discovered that not only could he remember and understand _15_， but he could translate what he learned into his life.He became _16_.After high school，Steve enlisted in the Navy，and he had a(n) _17_ military career.During his naval years，he inspired many young people who might not have _18_ themselves without him.A _19_ took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher，who _20_.【語篇解讀】Steve曾經(jīng)每次考試都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成績的時候，卻說他是班里最聰明的學(xué)生，而且告訴他老師非常關(guān)心他。Steve感受到老師對自己的良苦用心，從此刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，改變了自己的命運。老師對他的影響促使他用同樣的方法去影響并且?guī)椭嗟娜恕?A.missingBfailingCpassingDskippingB根據(jù)下文可知，Steve學(xué)習(xí)成績很差；故可推知，他自一年級以來成績就不及格，故選B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。2A.testedBclassifiedCseparatedDdismissedA根據(jù)語境及下文內(nèi)容可知，此處是說第一學(xué)期期中七年級全部學(xué)生進(jìn)行基本技能測試。test“測試”符合語境。3A.questionsBeffectsClessonsDresultsD根據(jù)上文可知，七年級全部學(xué)生進(jìn)行了基本技能測試，故此處應(yīng)是指查看測試成績(result)。4A.fillsBpressesCbreaksDdestroysC根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示告訴Steve他考試沒及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break“使心碎”。5A.shoutedBhesitatedCinterruptedDlaughedB根據(jù)語境可知，Miss Wilma的語意有所轉(zhuǎn)折，故此處表示她猶豫(hesitate)了一下繼續(xù)說道。6A.droppedBraisedCcoveredDclosedA根據(jù)語境可知，Steve此次測試未及格，所以當(dāng)Miss Wilma提到Steve的時候，Steve雙目低垂，認(rèn)真檢查自己的指尖。drop one's eyes“垂下眼睛”。7A.strangelyBsteadilyCseverelyDsecretlyC根據(jù)上文“After that，Steve still wouldn't do his homework”并結(jié)合語境可推知，即使Miss Wilma嚴(yán)厲地(severely)懲罰了Steve，但他仍然很固執(zhí)(stubborn)。8A.helplessBstubbornCflexibleDcrazyB參見上題解析。9A.CommonlyBUnwillinglyCParticularlyDSuddenlyD根據(jù)語境可知，Steve突然頓悟，有人關(guān)心著自己。Suddenly“突然”符合語境。10A.quizBchanceCspeechDpresentationA根據(jù)下文“Steve_ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper”可知，該處表示Miss Wilma組織了一場小測試(quiz)。11A.sleptBlookedClivedDhurriedD根據(jù)該句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了測試。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合語境。12A.disappointmentBsurpriseCsatisfactionDinspirationB根據(jù)下文中的“Miss Wilma's face was in a _ shock”可知，Miss Wilma對Steve的表現(xiàn)非常驚訝(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“滿意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。13A.bitterBtotalCpreciousDridiculousB根據(jù)語境可知，Miss Wilma深感震驚。a total shock“深感震驚”為固定搭配。14A.downBawayCoutDbackA根據(jù)該句“She glanced up at Steve，then _， then up”可知，Miss Wilma深感震驚，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合語境。15A.homeworkBgradesCknowledgeDsubjectsC根據(jù)語境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但記住并理解了知識，而且可以把所學(xué)知識(knowledge)應(yīng)用到生活中。16A.outstandingBlazyCroughDtroublesomeA根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Steve不但記住并理解了知識，而且可以把所學(xué)知識應(yīng)用到生活中。由此可推知，他變得很優(yōu)秀(outstanding)。17A.tiringBordinaryChardworkingDsuccessfulD根據(jù)上文并結(jié)合語境可推知，畢業(yè)后，Steve參加了海軍，并且度過了成功的(successful)軍旅生涯。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。18A.relied onBlooked afterCturned toDbelieved inD根據(jù)語境可知，Steve在海軍服役期間鼓舞了許多年輕人，如果不是他，這些年輕人可能不會相信(believe in)自己。19A.competitionBchoiceCchangeDcampaignC根據(jù)上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的關(guān)心下，發(fā)生了改變(change)。20A.waitedBlistenedCwishedDcaredD參見上題解析。與上文中的“I care about you”呼應(yīng)。課時提能練(四十二)選修7Unit 21Human Biology(B)課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.單句語法填空1Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.2He is said to_be_studying (study) in the US now.3It is my finances that prohibit my going (go) to college.4They cheated the boy of his savings.5All cars made nowadays are_equipped(equip) with safety belts.單句改錯6Thankfully，this is a disease that is now in the decline.inon7They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. outafter/for8No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your9For one thing，I do well in English and which will be easy for me to complete the courses in your university.whichit10I cannot tolerate your absent from work.your后加being/absentabsence.完成句子1他站在那里，不知道在他身上將會發(fā)生什么。He stood there，not knowing what was_about_to_happen_to him.2急救中心配有裝備，可處理這種災(zāi)難。The emergency services are equipped_to_deal_with disasters of this kind.3我對他很有信心。I have great faith/confidence_in_him.4過去的幾周里，他的健康狀況變得越來越糟。His health has been_declining these past few weeks.5假使你不來，你就會錯過所有的美食。If you don't come，you'll_miss_out all of the good food.課時作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解A(2019·石家莊一模)Many years ago，when we first went to Canada，we were driving through Montana with our two children.We thought we would find a motel(汽車旅館) on the way and had not made a booking.As it was getting late，we started looking for a motel，only to find that all were booked，which worried me sick.Finally，around 9 pm.，we stopped at a gas station to fill up the gas tank.My husband asked for a phone book and told the woman at the counter that we were trying to find a motel.He tried for 15 minutes.When he was unsuccessful，the woman，Linda，said she and her family lived nearby and would be happy if we spent the night at her home.My husband was stunned by her offer.She called her son to direct us，since she had to hold the fort at the gas station till midnight.When we reached her home，her husband greeted us.He took out two sleeping bags for the children.He invited us to have coffee and chat while we waited for his wife.When she came back，we asked if we could slip away in the morning so as not to disturb them.They said we were now guests and we would have to have breakfast with them.We woke up to a table set for breakfast.They made a mountain of pancakes and bacon.We ate breakfast，and when we were leaving，my husband asked if he could offer some payment.They insisted we were their guests.We left moved by their spirit of hospitality(好客)We were amazed that they would take in a family of total strangers from a different country.We kept in touch for many years.Over the years，we've lost touch with them，but have never forgotten their kindness.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一家在去加拿大時得到陌生人幫助的經(jīng)過。1What made the author upset at first?AThey got lost in Canada.BThey ran out of gas.CThey had nowhere to stay.DThey were late for dinner.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“As it was getting late，we started looking for a motel，only to find that all were booked，which worried me sick.”可知，由于天色漸晚，作者他們開始找汽車旅館，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的旅館都被預(yù)訂了。據(jù)此可知，讓作者感到擔(dān)心的是他們沒有地方可以住宿，故C項正確。2What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 mean?ATroubled.BSurprised.CDisappointed.DConfused.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句和第三段第二句“She called her son to direct us，since she had to hold the fort at the gas station till midnight.”可知，Linda要為作者一家人提供住宿，她讓她的兒子來給作者他們領(lǐng)路，因為她要值班到午夜；結(jié)合最后一段中的“We were amazed.strangers from a different country.”可知，作者他們對Linda為陌生人提供幫助的行為感到驚訝；故畫線詞表示“驚訝的”，故B項正確。3What did the author's family do the next morning?AThey slipped away.BThey paid for their breakfast.CThey met some strangers.DThey had a big breakfast.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，第二天一早，Linda一家就準(zhǔn)備好了豐盛的早餐，作者一家和Linda一家共享了早餐，故D項正確。4What is the best title for the text?AUnexpected HospitalityBA Kind WomanCBe Kind to StrangersDLooking for a MotelA標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者一家在去加拿大時得到加油站工作人員Linda和其家人幫助的經(jīng)過。作者一家因為沒有預(yù)訂旅館，晚上沒地方住宿，Linda得知情況后邀請作者一家到她家住宿，并熱情招待了素不相識的作者一家。據(jù)此可知A項(意想不到的熱情款待)最適合作文章的標(biāo)題。B(2019·長春監(jiān)測二)Next time you go shopping，keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits.According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation，a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.With concerns that face­recognition cameras “are kind of invasive(侵犯的)”， British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流量)by filming people's shoes.The technology can collect a large amount of personal information.“We have cameras at 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann，Hoxton's officer said.As modern cities get fuller70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data.Their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隱私) is concerned.“Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up.When we enter the transport system，we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards，mobile phones or credit cards.Nick Millman，director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern.He used the example of Google Maps，which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm.He explained，“It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.” In this case，Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns.【語篇解讀】本文主要討論了在現(xiàn)代生活中，人們對于個人信息以科技途徑流失的狀況的擔(dān)憂和可能的解決方法。5What is the article mainly about?AAn introduction to collecting shoppers' data.BThe concerns about giving away personal data.CThe problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.DAn invention recording and collecting customers' information.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是對于泄露個人信息這一問題的擔(dān)憂，故選B。6The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics _.Acan gather a lot of people's personal data from their shoesBuses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers' dataChas improved the accuracy of facial recognition softwareDoffers a perfect solution to customers' privacy concernsA細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和第二句可知，Hoxton Analytics公司所發(fā)明的新技術(shù)通過分析客人的鞋子而收集他們的個人信息，故選A。7According to the author，cameras in modern cities _.Acause a huge waste of public spacesBhelp reduce the size of population in urban areasCare likely to help improve traffic conditionsDare to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient servicesD細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，作者認(rèn)為攝像頭在現(xiàn)代城市應(yīng)用是為了避免犯罪、災(zāi)難并提供有效服務(wù)，故選D。8What is Renate Samson's attitude toward the rise of smart cities?AWorried.BOptimistic.CConfused.DUninterested.A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隱私) is concerned.”可推知，Renate Samson對于智能城市的增加是很擔(dān)憂的，這與本段最后一句“Very few of us have