2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1

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1、 Earthquakes 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 Whenever we see a button, we want to press it because we know that something will happen.This is true in most cases, for example, on a doorbell.But some buttons are actually fake(假的), like the “close” button on a lift. Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close

2、” button because they don’t have the patience to wait.But lifts’ “close” buttons are a complete trick, at least in the U．S.—the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press. It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the U．S., making sure that all

3、 lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter safely.Only repair workers can use the buttons to speed up the door closing process if they have special keys. But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t completely useless.According to psychologists, fake buttons can ac

4、tually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control. “A sense of control is very important.It reduces stress and increases well-being，” said Ellen J．Langer, a psychology professor at Harvard University.Experts also added that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives fo

5、r this same purpose. For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.Pressing them used to help make the traffic signals change faster, but that was before computer-controlled traffic signals were introduced. But psychologists found it interesting that even when peopl

6、e are aware of these little “white lies”， they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了我們平時(shí)生活中所見(jiàn)到的按鈕可能是不起作用的。 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe different fake b

7、uttons. B．To explore the functions of fake buttons. C．To analyze various habits of pushing buttons. D．To explain the disadvantages of fake buttons. B　解析：寫作意圖題。通讀整篇文章可知，作者通過(guò)舉例子介紹了不同地點(diǎn)的虛假按鈕，其目的是探求這些虛假按鈕的功能。故選B。 2．What can we learn about the “close” buttons on a lift in America? A．They work when

8、people press them hard. B．They were designed for a sense of control. C．They never speed up the door-closing process. D．They take the safety of the disabled into account. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第一句可知， 美國(guó)電梯里的“關(guān)閉”按鈕是為了確保殘疾人能安全地通過(guò)。故選D。 3．What can we infer about pedestrian crosswalk buttons? A．They can

9、make people feel better. B．They help computers work faster. C．They can control the traffic signals. D．They help pedestrians cross safely. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control”和第六段中的“For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t li

10、ve up to their names either.”可知， 人行橫道按鈕也沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能，但可以讓人們感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)，故選A。 4．Which may be the best title for the passage? A．Buttons in the U．S.A. B．Buttons Always Lie C．Buttons May Not Work D．“Close” Buttons on Lifts C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了有些按鈕只是形式上的，而不具備真正的實(shí)際功能。故C項(xiàng)“按鈕可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故選C。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．

11、I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 答案：was trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。 2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face. 答案：expression　由空前的“an excited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞 expression “表情”。 3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition i

12、n London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)． 答案：were destroyed　動(dòng)詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動(dòng)，且指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points. 答案：an　come to an end “結(jié)束”。 5．Don't forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does s

13、omething good. 答案：sincerely　副詞 sincerely “真誠(chéng)地”，在此處修飾動(dòng)詞praise。 6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)． 答案：injury　由空前的his可知，應(yīng)填名詞injury “受傷；傷害”。 7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment. 答案：congratulations　由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying

14、可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)． 答案：shocked　此處形容詞shocked “感到震驚的”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 答案

15、：highly　think highly of “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”，是固定搭配。 10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain. 答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。 三、完形填空。 I'm sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart. A woman is running i

16、n circles trying to gather family members together for a __1__.When the final moment comes before __2__，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a __3__ hug that should protect him until he __4__. I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave __5__ because the ones I love have a differ

17、ent __6__ from mine. I think of other departures and arrivals.I __7__ seeing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her as if she'd been __8__.That year she was in her first year at university，coming home for the first time. Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is __9__ called，I gather my

18、 book and luggage.__10__ there is no one to see me off，I do not __11__ to see where I have come from.__12__，I think of my husband at work __13__ if I have left yet. As I head towards the plane，I find myself __14__ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91-year-old grandfather died.After ret

19、urning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport __15__.My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears，__16__ was looking at us，but I didn't __17__. Life needs the important __18__ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a __19__ could come

20、back to find someone __20__ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off. 1．A.lecture B．goodbye C．dinner D．party 2．A.gathering B．boarding C．a(chǎn)nnouncing D．landing 3．A.powerful B．gentle C．warm D．common 4．A.leaves

21、 B．survives C．returns D．recovers 5．A.frightened B．a(chǎn)nxious C．relaxed D．a(chǎn)lone 6．A.schedule B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．target 7．A.imagine B．enjoy C．recall D．consider 8．A.stolen B．cheated C．lost

22、 D．punished 9．A.punctually B．finally C．a(chǎn)bruptly D．repeatedly 10．A.Although B．While C．Till D．Since 11．A.slow down B．get off C．look back D．run away 12．A.However B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 13．A.doubting B．a(chǎn)s

23、king C．predicting D．wondering 14．A.remembering B．forgetting C．planning D．rejecting 15．A.shouting B．crying C．laughing D．whispering 16．A.someone B．everyone C．none D．a(chǎn)nyone 17．A.care B．respond C．scold D．flee 18．A.arrival

24、B．chance C．departure D．moment 19．A.journey B．diet C．picnic D．holiday 20．A.worrying about B．smiling at C．talking of D．waiting for 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】作者在機(jī)場(chǎng)看到迎接與送行的場(chǎng)景，回憶起與女兒和丈夫的溫馨往事，意識(shí)到人生中需要?dú)g聚與離別這些重要的時(shí)刻。 【核心詞匯】depart vi.離開(kāi)，出發(fā)　 wrap one's arms around sb.用手臂摟住某人 wait one's turn t

25、o do sth.等著輪到某人做某事 think of想起，記起　recall doing sth.回憶起做某事 see sb.off為某人送行　at work在工作，起作用 1．B　結(jié)合上文中出現(xiàn)的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)告別(goodbye)的場(chǎng)景，故選B。 2．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示登機(jī)(boarding)前最后的時(shí)刻，故選B。 3．A　結(jié)合下文中的“protect him”可知，母親在兒子登機(jī)前給他一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的(powerful)擁抱，故選A。gentle“溫柔的”；warm“溫暖的”；co

26、mmon“共同的，普遍的”。 4．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，快要登機(jī)的時(shí)候，母親給了兒子一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的擁抱，自然是盼望兒子能一路平安并平安歸來(lái)，故選C。leave“離開(kāi)”；survive“幸存，艱難渡過(guò)”；recover“恢復(fù)”。 5．D　根據(jù)空后的“because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一個(gè)人(alone)，沒(méi)有人來(lái)為她送行，所以選D。frightened“害怕的，受驚的”；anxious“焦慮的，渴望的”；relaxed“放松的”。 6

27、．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者一個(gè)人離開(kāi)是因?yàn)樗鶒?ài)之人都有不同的日程安排。schedule“日程安排，計(jì)劃表”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。 7．C　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者回憶起(recall)女兒上大學(xué)第一次回家的往事，所以選C項(xiàng)。 8．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者一把抱住女兒，好像她走失了很久。lost“丟失的，遺失的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。 9．B　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班終于(finally)通知登機(jī)了，故選B。punctually“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”；abruptly“突然地”；repeatedly“反復(fù)地”。 10．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“__10__ there is no one to see m

28、e off”和“I do not __11__ to see where I have come from”是因果關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用Since“因?yàn)?，既然”? 11．C　既然沒(méi)有人來(lái)送行，作者不需要回頭張望(look back)。slow down“放慢，減速”；get off“下車，離開(kāi)”；run away“突然離開(kāi)，逃離”。 12．C　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者沒(méi)有回頭張望，相反地，作者想的是，還在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已經(jīng)離開(kāi)。故選C項(xiàng)。 13．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。wonder if...“不知道是否……”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。 14．A　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己記得(rememberin

29、g)另一件以前的迎接與送行，故選A。 15．B　結(jié)合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此處應(yīng)用crying。shout“大喊，喊叫”；laugh“大笑，笑”； whisper“低語(yǔ)，悄聲說(shuō)”。 16．B　此處指的是，因?yàn)樽髡呖奁?，每個(gè)人(everyone)都在看著作者和她的丈夫。故選B。 17．A　雖然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故選A。respond“回復(fù)，作出反應(yīng)”；scold“訓(xùn)斥，責(zé)罵”；flee“逃離”。 18．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人生中一直需要這樣重要的時(shí)刻(moment)，故選D。arrival“到達(dá)”；chance“機(jī)會(huì)”；depart

30、ure“離開(kāi)”。 19．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回來(lái)時(shí)都能看到有人在等待(waiting for)他們。故選A。 20．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help. ________________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)so→too　too ... to do “太……而不能”。 2．The girl was sitting on th

31、e bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands. ________________________________________________________ 答案：buried→burying　此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Judged→Judging　judging fr

32、om ... “由……來(lái)判斷”。 4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy. ________________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　a number of opportunities “許多機(jī)會(huì)”。 5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked. __________

33、______________________________________________ 答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副詞“極其，非常”，此處修飾形容詞shocked。 五、短文改錯(cuò) The day before Mother's Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I

34、 wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someo

35、ne else's words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me. 【答案】　 The day before Mother's Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most

36、 students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that some

37、one else's words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me. 第一處：most前加the?？疾楣谠~。母親節(jié)前一天，我周圍的所有人都在談?wù)撌裁词撬麄儗槟赣H買的最合適的禮物。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞的最高級(jí)，故在most前加the。 第二處：were→was?？疾橹髦^一致。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Buying flowers作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式，故將were改為was。 第三處：diffe

38、rently→different?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾不定代詞something需用形容詞。注意：different在此作后置定語(yǔ)。 第四處：去掉so?？疾檫B詞。as“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，故后面的so多余。 第五處：sent→send。考查動(dòng)詞。and連接的不是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是不定式，第二個(gè)不定式前的to承前省略了。 第六處：what→which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為suggestions，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。注意：what不可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 第七處：it→them。考查代詞。指代前面的suggestions，需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them。 第八處：feel→feeling?？疾槊~。feel作名詞表示“觸覺(jué)，印象”，而feeling作名詞表示“想法，意見(jiàn)，感覺(jué)”，顯然此處要用feeling。 第九處：in→up?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。give in是“讓步，屈服”的意思，與語(yǔ)義不符。give up意為“放棄”，符合語(yǔ)境要求。 第十處：to→for?？疾榻樵~。此處表示我感謝媽媽為我做過(guò)的一切。thank sb.for sth.“為某事感謝某人”為固定用法。 8