2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 4 Making the news（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、 Making the news 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human populati

2、on in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy(樹(shù)蔭) of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any t

3、rees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者) on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the ful

4、l-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑) are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as wel

5、l, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade-grown” and “bird-friendly”. Sure, these varieties migh

6、t cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)拉丁美洲的農(nóng)民種植咖啡作物的事例說(shuō)明了咖啡作物長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)下對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性。 1．Which opinion does the author agree with? A．People should buy full-sun coffee. B．Shade-grown coffee should b

7、e supported. C．Farmers should change the places to grow coffee. D．Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的第二句可知，作者支持農(nóng)民種植對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類無(wú)害的長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)下的咖啡作物，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．Compared with the traditional method, what advantage does the full-sun method have? A．It can protect the ecosystem. B．It

8、can promote people’s health. C．It can provide more nests for birds. D．It can increase the production of coffee. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，全陽(yáng)光照射這種方法能提高咖啡豆的產(chǎn)量，增加利潤(rùn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．How do farmers get more land to grow full-sun coffee? A．They cut down trees. B．They move to other countries. C．They turn gra

9、ssland into farmland. D．They buy more land from other farmers. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，農(nóng)民通過(guò)砍伐樹(shù)林來(lái)種植全陽(yáng)光照射的咖啡作物，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．It is quite worthwhile to buy shade-grown coffee at any cost. B．Farmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now.

10、 C．South American farmers are taking action to plant coffee bushes in the traditional way. D．The full-sun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句并結(jié)合第二段的第一句可推知，中南美洲的農(nóng)民意識(shí)到了咖啡作物長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)下的重要性，他們開(kāi)始改變種植方法，選擇傳統(tǒng)的種植方法，故C項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．We must concentrate our effor

11、t on ________ (find) ways to reduce costs. 答案：finding　concentrate one's effort on ... “集中精力……”，on為介詞，故填動(dòng)名詞finding。 2．They study hard ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of English. 答案：to acquire　此處不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。 3．I'll keep you ________ (inform) of the progress made at any time. 答案：informed　keep

12、sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。 4．It is difficult ________ (assess) the effects of these changes. 答案：to assess　It is＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事是……的”。 5．You can never depend on it ________ he can arrive on time. 答案：that　depend on it that “指望/相信……”。 6．—Are you ________ (accuse) me of lying to th

13、e headmaster? —I'm sure you did. 答案：accusing　accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑問(wèn)句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 7．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ________ (receive) in time for Christmas. 答案：be received　so as to do ... “為了做……”，gifts與receive之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填be received。 8．There are ca

14、ses ________ this rule does not work. 答案：where　若定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為抽象地點(diǎn)名詞case, stage, point, position, condition等時(shí)，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 9．He left the classroom without the ________ (approve) of the teacher. 答案：approval　由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞形式，即approval。 10．People demanded that the injured ___

15、_____ (take) to hospital at once. 答案：(should) be taken　demand意為“要求”，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。主語(yǔ)the injured與動(dòng)詞take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way __1__ my uncle's home.People on the s

16、treet were walking leisurely and chatting __2__ ，while my father was walking in a hurry.I tried my best to __3__ him.But I was still left behind.I could not understand why he __4__ so fast.Due to the fast speed，I lost my __5__ and was completely with sweat.Somehow，I began to be angry at him.He alway

17、s did not think about my__6__. “Why do you walk so fast? Don't you see me behind you？”I said __7__.“You are always like this.Why must you __8__ so loudly？”he said and his face got red right away.In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“It is your __9__ ！”I shouted at him immediately.

18、“You always like to __10__ others！”he cried out.This made me fall into a rage(憤怒)．Then we __11__ on the street.Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time，I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.Many people stopped to look at us.I was so __12__ that I could feel my face burning，for I saw

19、some people __13__ me，which made me lose face.I touched my face __14__ glared at him.“I will never talk to him，”I said to myself angrily. __15__ could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you.When I went to college，I still hated him.I did not say anything to him，__16__ I wer

20、e not his daughter.Always I pretended to complain that I was too__17__ when he called me.However，it was his tears from the worn-out__18__ that made me feel guilty when we met.He had given me everything he had，but I could not.__19__ ，I realized that I should not hate him. Now I begin to phone him an

21、d ask him to take care of himself.Although sometimes parents will __20__ wrong，they just hope we can be better. 1．A.at　　　　　　　 B．to C．for D．of 2．A.perfectly B．eagerly C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．enjoyably 3．A.make fun of B．catch up with C．make way for D．get rid of 4．A.

22、walked B．ran C．started D．trained 5．A.temper B．confidence C．breath D．balance 6．A.beliefs B．behavior C．feelings D．requests 7．A.calmly B．frequently C．softly D．loudly 8．A.tell B．claim C．read

23、 D．speak 9．A.fault B．cruelty C．origin D．business 10．A.enjoy B．a(chǎn)dmire C．blame D．a(chǎn)buse 11．A.fought B．bargained C．consulted D．quarreled 12．A.alarmed B．a(chǎn)fraid C．a(chǎn)shamed D．a(chǎn)mazed 13．A.asking for B．

24、laughing at C．waiting for D．a(chǎn)iming at 14．A.and B．so C．but D．or 15．A.Anger B．Sense C．Care D．Shame 16．A.in case B．a(chǎn)s if C．unless D．a(chǎn)fter 17．A.wrong B．crazy C．busy D．innocent 18．A.arm

25、 B．face C．head D．body 19．A.Naturally B．Occasionally C．Obviously D．Gradually 20．A.do B．give C．find D．keep 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】作者因一件小事和父親在大街上爭(zhēng)吵，致使自己顏面盡失，于是下定決心不再與父親說(shuō)話。但隨著歲月的流逝，作者意識(shí)到是憤怒讓自己忘記了自己最愛(ài)的人為自己所做的一切，于是逐漸改變了自己對(duì)父親的態(tài)度。 1．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者與父親是在去叔叔家的路上。on

26、 the way to...意為“在去……的路上”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．D　該句中while表示對(duì)比，意為“然而”。此處是說(shuō)作者和父親走得比較匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比較悠閑，邊走邊開(kāi)心地(enjoyably)聊著天。故選D項(xiàng)。perfectly意為“完美地”；eagerly意為“急切地”；anxiously意為“焦慮地”。 3．B　從下文的I was still left behind可知，父親走得很快，作者試圖趕上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。catch up with意為“趕上”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。make fun of意為“取笑”；make way for意為“給……讓路”；g

27、et rid of意為“擺脫……；除去……”。 4．A　根據(jù)第二段開(kāi)頭的Why do you walk so fast？可知，此處指作者不知道為什么父親走(walked)得那么快。故選A項(xiàng)。 5．C　根據(jù)空后的completely with sweat可知，由于走得太快，作者氣喘吁吁、汗流浹背。lose one's breath意為“喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。temper意為“脾氣”；confidence意為“信心”；balance意為“平衡”。 6．C　根據(jù)上文中的I began to be angry at him可知，作者對(duì)父親很生氣，認(rèn)為他根本不考慮作者的感受(feeli

28、ngs)。故選C項(xiàng)。belief意為“信念”；behavior意為“行為；舉止”；request意為“請(qǐng)求；要求”。 7．D　上文提到作者很生氣，所以說(shuō)話的聲音應(yīng)該是很大的。根據(jù)第8空后的so loudly也可知答案。故選D項(xiàng)。calmly意為“平靜地”； frequently意為“頻繁地”；softly意為“溫柔地”。 8．D　根據(jù)下文的In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and...可知，此處指父親埋怨作者說(shuō)話聲音大。故選D項(xiàng)。 9．A　作者責(zé)怪父親走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此處指作者認(rèn)為這都是父親的過(guò)錯(cuò)(fault)。故選A項(xiàng)。cruelty意為

29、“殘忍”；origin意為“起源”；business意為“事情；商業(yè)”。 10．C　作者在埋怨父親，而此時(shí)父親也非常生氣。因此，父親在說(shuō)作者總是責(zé)備(blame)別人。故選C項(xiàng)。enjoy意為“喜歡”；admire意為“欣賞”；abuse意為“虐待；濫用”。 11．D　根據(jù)下文Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time, I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.可知，作者大發(fā)脾氣，與父親在大街上吵了起來(lái)，所以選quarreled，意為“爭(zhēng)吵”。fight意為“打架”；bargain意為

30、“討價(jià)還價(jià)”；consult意為“咨詢”。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的I could feel my face burning可知，和父親吵架引來(lái)很多路人駐足觀看，作者感覺(jué)自己的臉滾燙，因此可推斷，作者感到羞愧(ashamed)。alarmed意為“擔(dān)憂的；恐慌的”；afraid意為“害怕的”；amazed意為“驚奇的”。 13．B　由空后的made me lose face可知，作者覺(jué)得很丟人，因?yàn)榭吹铰啡嗽诔靶λ?。laugh at意為“嘲笑”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。ask for意為“請(qǐng)求；要求”；wait for意為“等待”；aim at意為“針對(duì)；以……為目標(biāo)”。 14．A　句意為：我摸

31、了摸我的臉，怒視著他。touched和glared是作者先后做的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，所以用and連接。 15．A　文中反復(fù)提到angry，通過(guò)對(duì)與父親吵架的描述可知，此處指生氣能讓人忘記你所愛(ài)的人為你做的一切。故選A項(xiàng)。 16．B　設(shè)空后的I were not his daughter為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不與父親說(shuō)話，就好像自己不是父親的女兒似的。as if意為“好像”，符合語(yǔ)境。in case意為“以防”；unless意為“除非”；after意為“在……之后”。 17．C　父親每次打電話時(shí)，作者總是抱怨太忙。busy意為“忙碌的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。wrong意為“錯(cuò)誤的”；

32、crazy意為“瘋狂的”；innocent意為“無(wú)辜的”。 18．B　眼淚應(yīng)該是從臉上流下來(lái)，所以選face。句意為：但是，當(dāng)我們見(jiàn)面時(shí)，父親那飽經(jīng)滄桑的臉上流下的淚水使我感到內(nèi)疚。 19．D　根據(jù)空后的I realized that I should not hate him可知，作者越來(lái)越理解父親，認(rèn)識(shí)到不應(yīng)該再恨父親，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)心理逐漸變化的過(guò)程。gradually意為“慢慢地；逐漸地”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。naturally意為“自然地”occasionally意為“偶然”；obviously意為“明顯地”。 20．A　盡管有時(shí)候父母會(huì)做錯(cuò)事，但是他們希望我們能更好。此處指

33、可能會(huì)做錯(cuò)事，所以選A項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．You'll be faced with two choices—whether to be fired or not, depend on your performance in the work. ______________________________________________________ 答案：depend→depending　句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be faced with且無(wú)連詞，故depend應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。depending on ... 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 2．We had a thoroughl

34、y cleaning of our house at the weekend. ______________________________________________________ 答案：thoroughly→thorough　此處需用形容詞thorough來(lái)修飾動(dòng)名詞cleaning，故改為thorough。 3．It is demanded that a doctor must be sent for. ______________________________________________________ 答案：must→should或去掉must　demand后跟

35、賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 4．They are all eager to the chance to be the top ones in the world competition as athletes. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)to→for　be eager for sth. “渴望(得到)某物”。 5．You'd better put on a thick sweater in c

36、ase of it snows. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉of　in case of sth. “如果；假使”；in case＋從句“萬(wàn)一/以防……；如果/假使……”。根據(jù)從句“it snows”可知應(yīng)用in case，故去掉of。 五、短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線

37、(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018·煙臺(tái)診斷) Li Ming is a friend of mine.I'm glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldn't take exercise，that made him very

38、upset.Later，he realized unless he went on like that，he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now

39、an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overcome it with great determination and strong willpower. 【答案】 Li Ming is a friend of mine.I'm glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years .He got tired so that he couldn't take

40、 exercise， made him very upset.Later，he realized he went on like that，he would end up nothing.So he made up his to make a change.He went running every morning and played basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is

41、now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overcome with great determination and strong willpower. 第一處：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the past two years”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故加has。 第二處：考查副詞。根據(jù)句子所使用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處是指兩年前。ago立足現(xiàn)在，表示從現(xiàn)在起的2年前；before立足過(guò)去，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起的2年前。此處應(yīng)用ago。 第三處：考查副詞。easy是形

42、容詞，意為“容易的”； easily是副詞，意為“容易地”。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞詞組“got tired”，意為“很容易勞累”。故用easily。 第四處：考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用that引導(dǎo)，所以用which指代前面的整句話；或者在that前加and，構(gòu)成and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。故用which/and that。 第五處：考查連詞。unless意為“除非”，相當(dāng)于if...not；if意為“如果”。根據(jù)句意可知，后來(lái)他意識(shí)到如果他繼續(xù)那樣，他將什么也不會(huì)獲得。故用if。 第六處：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。end up doing sth.意為“以做某事

43、而告終”，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故用achieving。 第七處：考查固定搭配。make up one's mind to do sth.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“下定決心做某事”，mind的單復(fù)數(shù)由one's決定，因?yàn)檫@里是his，所以用單數(shù)。故用mind。 第八處：考查冠詞。球類名詞前不加冠詞。play basketball意為“打籃球”。故去掉the。 第九處：考查連詞。or意為“或者”，表示選擇；and意為“和”，表示并列。此處“more vegetables”和“l(fā)ess meat”是并列的。故用and。 第十處：考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指代上文中的“problems”，所以用them。 9