2021版新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module 4 Great Scientists學(xué)案 外研版必修4

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1、Module 4 Great Scientists 一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí) (一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類(lèi)記憶 Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√ nickname n．　　　　　　　 species n. original adj. best-seller n. diagnose vt. victim n. brilliant adj. career n. brief adj. partly adv. physical adj. relativity n. rocket n. arrow n. straight adj. Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫(xiě)其形 1．

2、leading adj.　　　　　　　 主要的 2．figure n. 人物 3．publish vt. 出版 4．breakthrough n. 突破 5．support vt. 支持 6．replace vt. 取代；以……代替 7．escape vi. 逃跑；逃避 8．clear vi. (煙霧)消散 Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變 1．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教師 2．a(chǎn)griculture n．農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的 3．produce v．生產(chǎn)→

3、production n．產(chǎn)量→producer n．生產(chǎn)者 4．export vt.出口→import vt.進(jìn)口(反義詞) 5．graduate vi.畢業(yè) n．畢業(yè)生→graduation n．畢業(yè) 6．personal adj.個(gè)人的→personally adv.就自己而言→personality n．性格；個(gè)性；人格 7．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸聲 1.-s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞 ①works　　　　　 工廠 ②series　　　 系列 ③means　　 方法 ④crossroads 十字路口 ⑤remains

4、 剩余物 ⑥species (生物)物種 2.合成名詞“v.＋adv.”大觀園 ①breakthrough　　 突破 ②breakdown 故障；破損 ③breakup 破裂；瓦解 ④takeaway 外賣(mài)食物 ⑤warm-up 熱身運(yùn)動(dòng) ⑥get-together 聚會(huì) 3.“經(jīng)濟(jì)生活”常用到 ①export　　　 出口 ②import　　 進(jìn)口 ③invest 投資 ④bid 出價(jià)；投標(biāo) ⑤distribute 分配；分布 ⑥discount 打折 (二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活 1．bring__up　　　

5、　　　　　　 培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育 2．the__key__to__(doing)__sth. (做)某事的關(guān)鍵 3.__as__a__result__of 由于……的結(jié)果 4．be__known__for 因……而出名/聞名 5．earn__one’s__living 謀生 6．come__to__power 掌權(quán) 7．bring__in 引進(jìn)；帶來(lái) 8．carry__out 實(shí)施；履行；完成(任務(wù)) 1.由the key to想到的 ①the approach to　 ……的方法 ②the access to ……的通道 ③the answe

6、r to ……的答案 ④the notes to ……的注釋 ⑤the entrance to ……的入口 2.carry相關(guān)短語(yǔ)多棱鏡 ①carry out　　 實(shí)施；履行；完成(任務(wù)) ②carry on 繼續(xù)；維持 ③carry through 貫徹到底；成功完成 ④carry away 拿走；運(yùn)走 ⑤carry back 帶回；使回想起 3.“be known＋prep.”短語(yǔ)小結(jié) ①be known for　 因……而出名/聞名 ②be known as 作為……而出名 ③be known to 為……熟知 ④be kn

7、own by 被……所知 (三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep__the__rocket__moving in a straight direction. 這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍能使火箭沿直線(xiàn)移動(dòng)。 句型2：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) Or was he carried miles into space, becoming__the__world’s__first__astronaut？ 或者他被帶到

8、了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為世界上第一個(gè)宇航員？ 二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出該詞的適當(dāng)形式 A．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出下列單詞 1．Surgeons have made a great breakthrough(突破) in the kidney transplant. 2．To improve the quality(質(zhì)量) of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 3．Most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all

9、 their things behind. 4．We have to deal with the emotional and physical(身體的) problems that go along with obesity. 5．Tell the story briefly(簡(jiǎn)短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it. B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫(xiě)出適當(dāng)形式 6．His first novel published(publish) last year is popular with many young readers. 7．Jus

10、t then a white-haired old woman entered, supported(support) by a girl of ten years old. 8．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last. 9．Confucius was one of the great figures(figure) in the history of China. 10．The house I grew up in has been taken down and__replaced

11、(replace) by an office building. Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫(xiě)出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義 1．(2019·江蘇卷) The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.支撐 2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on t

12、he shoulder.解脫；消遣 Ⅲ.選詞成篇 bring up; experiment with; bring in; as a result of; earn one’s living Wang Gang was born and 1.brought__up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earned__their__living by farming. 3.As__a__result__of lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life

13、. After new farming technique was 4.brought__in,__their life was getting better and better. the key to; carry out; be known for; be diagnosed with; come to/into power Mrs.Green 5.was__diagnosed__with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who 6.was__known__for treating cancers. The doctor 7.carried__

14、out a series of treatments on her, and told her that 8.the__key__to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind. Following the doctor’s advice, she gradually picked up. Ⅳ.完成語(yǔ)段 It is reported that the newly-built bridge will be put into use soon. Hopefully, it can 1.keep__the__traffic__flowing__sm

15、oothly(保持交通暢通). Many people become interested in the bridge, 2.making__it__a__hot__topic(使它成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題)． support　vt.支持；支撐；維持；供養(yǎng)　n．[U]支持；擁護(hù)；供養(yǎng) [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①(2018·天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. ②a.What moves me is that my parents always support me

16、in what I want to do. b．Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③科學(xué)家必須提出論據(jù)以支持其理論。 A scientist must produce evidence in__support__of his theory. ④在朋友的支持下，他找到了一份新工作。這份工作使他能夠掙更多的錢(qián)來(lái)養(yǎng)活他的家人。 With__his__friend’s__support,__he found a new job, one where he coul

17、d get more money to support__his__family． (1)support sb.in sth.　　　 在某方面支持某人 (2)come to one’s support 來(lái)支持某人 in support of... 支持……　 [佳句背誦] Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support. 湯姆如此獨(dú)立以至于他從來(lái)都不問(wèn)父母的意見(jiàn)，除非他想得到他們的支持。(2019·天津卷) [詞塊助記](méi) sup

18、port a family　　　 養(yǎng)家糊口 support oneself 自力更生 technical support 技術(shù)支持 quantity　n．量；數(shù)量 [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are__being__washed(wash) away now. b．With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is__being__washed(wash) away

19、 now. ②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity. [能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí) ③(普通表達(dá))Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. (高級(jí)表達(dá))Before the exam, I spent a__large__quantity__of/a__great__deal__of time in prepari

20、ng for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. a large/small quantity of　　　 大量/少量的 large quantities of 大量的；許多的 in quantity 大量地　 [佳句背誦] Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.　專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，表?yè)P(yáng)的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。(2019·浙江卷6月) [名師點(diǎn)津] (1)a quantity of或

21、quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。 (2)“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 escape　v．逃跑；逃脫；逃避；被忘記　n．逃跑；解脫，消遣 [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being__punished(punish)． ②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’

22、t dare to try it again. [能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí) ③(普通表達(dá))The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire(成功逃出火場(chǎng)) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted. ④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ)) (1)escape

23、(doing) sth.　　 逃脫(做)某事 escape from/out of... 從……逃跑，逃走 (2)have a narrow escape 九死一生　 [佳句背誦] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters. 非常幸運(yùn)，他設(shè)法從快速上漲的洪水中逃脫。 [詞塊助記](méi) escape one’s attention/notice 逃過(guò)某人的注意/被某人忽視 a fire escape 安全門(mén) clear　vt.使清楚；掃清　vi.變清澈；(天

24、)變晴；(煙霧)消散　adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；暢通的 [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①(福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. ②a.(江蘇卷)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. b．He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would

25、be held. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③顯然，手機(jī)在青少年中變得流行并且改變了他們的生活方式。 It__is__clear__that__mobile__phones__have__become__popular__among__teenagers__and__changed__their__way__of__life. (1) clear up　　　　 整理，收拾；消除(誤會(huì)等)；(天)放晴 (2)make...clear 清楚表明，講清楚 It is clear that... 顯然……　 [佳句背誦] When you finish your dinn

26、er, please clear the table.　吃完晚飯后，請(qǐng)你將餐桌收拾一下。 [詞塊助記](méi) keep a clear head/mind　　　 保持清醒的頭腦 have a clear purpose/goal 有明確的目標(biāo) clear up a difficulty/misunderstanding 解決困難/消除誤會(huì) come to/into power　開(kāi)始執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)，上臺(tái) [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①a.After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measur

27、es to improve people’s life. b．The government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong. c．Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power to do so. ②(2019·江蘇卷) We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind

28、 the most powerful(power) animal on earth. [能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)/句式升級(jí) (普通表達(dá))I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2018·浙江卷6月) ③(高級(jí)表達(dá)) I’ll do__all/everything__in__my__power to perform well in the volunteer job. ④(高級(jí)表達(dá)) I’ll do__what__I__can to perform well in the volunteer job. (what

29、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) (1)in power　　　　　　　 當(dāng)權(quán) in/within one’s power 有能力；力所能及 beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的 do everything in one’s power (to do) 盡力而為；竭盡全力 (2)powerful adj. 強(qiáng)大的；權(quán)力大的　 [佳句背誦] He came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years so far. 他25歲時(shí)開(kāi)始上臺(tái)執(zhí)政，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)執(zhí)

30、政60年了。 [名師點(diǎn)津] “come into＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有： ①come into being　　　　　　　 形成，產(chǎn)生 ②come into existence 開(kāi)始存在，產(chǎn)生 ③come into effect/force 生效 ④come into use 開(kāi)始使用 ⑤come into sight/view 看見(jiàn)；進(jìn)入視野 keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (教材原句)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straigh

31、t direction. 這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍能使火箭沿直線(xiàn)移動(dòng)。 [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①a.(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)． b．It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed(inform) of the current affairs. ②a.(廣東卷)In other words

32、, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of natural resources. b．He kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③(北京卷)為了更方便聯(lián)系我們，你最好把這張名片放在手邊。 To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep__this__card__at__hand． “keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，

33、這里keep為使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使……繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。 (1)keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞 (2)keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋現(xiàn)在分詞 (3)keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞 　 [佳句背誦] New technology has been brought in since new-elected mayor came into power and carried out the new policy, keeping the city developing rapidly. 自從新當(dāng)選的市長(zhǎng)上臺(tái)執(zhí)政并實(shí)行新政策以來(lái)，新技術(shù)得以引進(jìn)， 使得該市迅速發(fā)展。 [名師點(diǎn)津] 在“k

34、eep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式 1．(江蘇卷)It is everybody’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track. 2．Large quantities of money have__been__spent(spend) in bringing up the three children since they were b

35、orn. 3．The boy managed to escape from the burning house, but he couldn’t escape being__punished/punishment(punish) because the fire was caused by his playing with matches. 4．Though earning(earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.

36、 5．After the earthquake, the electricity supply failed, making(make) the cooling system break down. 維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~ 1．His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures. 2．Hangzhou, known for the West Lake, attracts many visitors every year. 3．The museum has been com

37、pleted，but the government hasn’t made it clear when it will be open to the public. 4．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers. 5. The artists had little faith in the political leader

38、who came to power after the war. 維度三　派生詞練習(xí) 1．This factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce) 2．The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for

39、 the cause of education of China. (educate) 3．After graduation,__he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good job in Beijing.(graduate) 4．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode) 維度四　易錯(cuò)混用 1．政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)保持交通的

40、平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。(keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) The government should take effective measures to keep__the__traffic__running smoothly. 2．More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. →More highways have been built in China, making__it much easier for peop

41、le to travel from one place to another. 3．The new mayor is said to come into power next month. →It__is__said__that the new mayor will come into power next month. 4．大量的水被污染了，因此湖泊聞起來(lái)很難聞。 ①Large__quantities__of__water__have__been__polluted,__so the lake smells terrible. (quantities) ②A__large__qua

42、ntity__of__water__has__been__polluted,__so the lake smells terrible. (quantity) 提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法) Yuan Longping It is clear that in the past, many people couldn’t escape 1.suffering(suffer) from hunger. A lot of them even 2.earned(earn) their living by begging. So Yua

43、n Longping dreamed of developing a new species 3.to__increase (increase) rice production to feed more people. After 4.graduating(graduate) from university, he devoted 5.himself(he) to the research. As 6.a result of his years’ efforts, he made a great breakthrough 7.anddeveloped hybrid rice. Many oth

44、er countries brought in large 8.quantities(quantity) of hybrid rice. Yuan Longping took up his post in Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center in 2017 and kept sea rice research project 9.making(make) great progress. 10.In brief, Yuan Longping lives up to the “Father of Hybrid Rice”， and th

45、us has been awarded the Life Science Prize. 提能二　話(huà)題寫(xiě)作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫(xiě)滿(mǎn)分作文) 假定你是李華，應(yīng)你校校報(bào)英文版編輯邀請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇介紹亞歷山大·弗萊明的短文。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)如下：①簡(jiǎn)要介紹人物；②介紹人物的貢獻(xiàn)；③對(duì)人物進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。 1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯) ①亞歷山大·弗萊明出生在蘇格蘭并由母親和哥哥撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and was__brought__up by his mother and his elder brother. ②

46、在他們的支持下，他在倫敦的一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院接受教育。 Supported__by__them,__he got__educated in a medical school in London. ③1906年他作為優(yōu)秀生從該校畢業(yè)。 In 1906, he graduated__from the school as a top student. ④他對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素使他獲得了終生的榮譽(yù)。 He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin tha

47、t earned__him__a__lasting__reputation． ⑤因?yàn)檫@個(gè)成就他聞名于世，并獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。 He was__known__for__that__achievement,__and for it he received a Nobel Prize. ⑥很顯然，弗萊明是歷史上才華橫溢的科學(xué)家之一。 It__is__clear__that Fleming is one__of__the__brilliant__scientists in history. 2．升級(jí)平淡句 ⑦用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí)句① Born__in__Scotland,__Alexand

48、er__Fleming__was__brought__up__by__his__mother__and__his__elder__brother. ⑧用“介詞＋which”非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句⑤ He__was__known__for__that__achievement,__for__which__he__received__a__Nobel__Prize. 3．銜接成美文 ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________

49、_________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Born in Scotland, Alexander Fleming was brought up by his mother and his elder brother

50、. Supported by them, he got educated in a medical school in London. In 1906, he graduated from the school as a top student. He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation. He was known for that achievement, for which he rec

51、eived a Nobel Prize. It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2020·沈陽(yáng)高三質(zhì)檢) Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters s

52、oon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths. I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparent

53、s, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigation

54、s. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might ho

55、nour with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but al

56、l training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過(guò)自身的經(jīng)歷明白了一個(gè)道理：博物學(xué)家是天生的，而科學(xué)家則是可以后天培養(yǎng)的。 1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood? A．Wildlife. B．Music

57、. C．Languages. D．Literature. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年時(shí)，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故選A。 2．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly? A．He didn’t live with them for long. B．The family

58、 was extremely large. C．He was fully occupied with observing nature. D．He was too young when he lived with them. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年時(shí)期過(guò)于專(zhuān)注自然界而對(duì)周?chē)挠H戚并不是很在意，所以沒(méi)有深刻的印象，這與第四段第二句中

59、的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼應(yīng)，故選C。 3．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all? A．Being knowledgeable. B．Being self-discipline. C．Being full of ambition. D．Being full of enthusiasm. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“I am a naturalist, not a scienti

60、st. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者從小熱愛(ài)自然界，而且這種熱情使作者做了很多不同的調(diào)查，成了一個(gè)博物學(xué)家。由此可推知，一個(gè)天生的博物學(xué)家首先要充滿(mǎn)熱情，故選D。 4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist? A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist. B．

61、He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic. C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way. D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a

62、 scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己只是一個(gè)博物學(xué)家而不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家是因?yàn)樽约喝狈Τ蔀榭茖W(xué)家的某種必備的素質(zhì)，故選A。 B (2020·合肥第二次質(zhì)檢) In today’s society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性別) by vocabulary, and also the non-verbal(非語(yǔ)言的) vocabula

63、ry. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women. Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men. This is due to the fact that women tend to be interr

64、upted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it. Men and women

65、 also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they gener

66、ally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people’s body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation. Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating