2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars練習(xí)（含解析）新人教版必修3

Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the stars.閱讀理解 A(2018山西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體)One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a“dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.Plutos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaughs task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatorys founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depressions dark encroachment (入侵).Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?A.Because it lost its major planet status.B.Because it disappeared in the sky.C.Because it was discovered by an American.D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.2.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.An American Scientist:Clyde TombaughB.Pluto was First Discovered by a BoyC.Plutos Strange RomanceD.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.C.Clyde Tombaughs job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.D.Clyde Tombaughs telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet.語篇解讀:文章介紹了冥王星的傳奇故事,介紹了冥王星被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及對人類的意義。答案及剖析:1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星) in 2006可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因?yàn)槠涞匚幌陆盗?從一個(gè)大行星變成了一顆矮行星。故選A。2.C文章標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可推知,本文主要介紹了冥王星被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及對人類的意義,故“冥王星的傳奇故事”適合作文章的標(biāo)題。故選C。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses可推知,Clyde Tombaugh所使用的望遠(yuǎn)鏡比較簡單。故選D。4.D語義理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.和第三段中because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可推知,冥王星雖然不是太陽系邊緣的行星,但是它的發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大,比行星還重要。故選D。B(21世紀(jì)報(bào)第28期)When I was 14,life felt dull and boring.However,I didnt mind looking at the same views every day.And even though the high school I go to has over a thousand students,I didnt really care to notice the differences between us all.But this dull view of mine shifted when my parents bought me a camera for Christmas.Even though I didnt know the first thing about photography,I dived headfirst into the medium.It was after a month of playing with my new camera when I realized I had no talent for taking pictures.Even though I got friends to pose in front of abandoned buildings and in flowery fields,nothing seemed to work.My photos were clearly missing something of importance and lacked originality (創(chuàng)意).After a while,I became so enraged(暴怒的) with my lack of artistic talent that I quit my new hobby.Then,a month or two later,I suddenly decided to pick it up again.During the summer break,I went for a walk on the railroad track behind my house.The area is abandoned and the tracks are a warm red color;its a gorgeous(燦爛的) sight to see.Before the walk,I thought,“Maybe I should bring my camera”,which at the time,hadnt been touched for weeks.Surprisingly,this walk on the tracks was what began my love for photography.When I was walking on the train tracks without a model to photograph and only nature around me,I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.I didnt worry about trying to create something beautiful.Instead,I just captured photos of the beauty already around me.I quickly became obsessed with texture,color,lighting,shape,shading and everything in between.Laterafter months of studying outdoor scenes,watching shadows and staring at peoples eyesI was finally able to create beauty of my own.Slowly,my photos became something I was proud of.So far,my work has been published in two small magazines and featured in two different art galleries.Theyre not huge achievements,but theyre important to me.And theyre signs of how much my artistic abilities have grown:I went from zero artistic talent to being published.Thanks to this Christmas gift from my parents,I now have a new way of looking at the world.5.It can be inferred from the first four paragraphs that the author . A.was unsatisfied with his life in high schoolB.didnt get on well with his classmates at schoolC.had been expecting a camera for a long timeD.found his life more fun with his new camera6.The author gave up photography not long after he started it because he . A.realized that he had no interest in itB.couldnt get his friends to pose for himC.was frustrated with his photographsD.was too busy to continue his new hobby7.What did the author recognize during his walk on the railroad tracks?A.Beauty lies in the details of things all around us.B.He liked taking photos of nature more than people.C.He should be more confident in his photography.D.He should never ignore the beautiful things around him.8.What does photography mean to the author,according to the article?A.It has made him more patient with himself.B.It will allow him to become famous and wealthy.C.It always reminds him to be grateful for his parents.D.It has reshaped his way of viewing the world.語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文,記敘了作者用相機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中的美。答案及剖析:5.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句“When I was 14,life felt dull.”可知,作者在學(xué)校的生活很無聊。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,父母送給作者的相機(jī)改變了這種生活。故選D。6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“My photos were clearly missing something of importance.”可知,作者對自己的相片不滿意。7.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第八段中的“I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.”可知,美就在我們的身邊,故選A。8.D主旨大意題?？偨Y(jié)全文可知,相機(jī)使作者用一種新的方式去看待這個(gè)世界。.語法填空(2018貴州遵義第四中學(xué)月考)Leonardo da Vinci was an artist,scientist,and 1.(invent) during the Renaissance in Italy.The word “renaissance” 2.(come) from Latin and means “to be born again”.The renaissance was a time 3. Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.It 4. (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s.5. (bear) in 1452,da Vinci was one of the most famous men of this time.He is considered by many to be one of the 6. (talent) and intelligent people of all time.Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone 7. does many things very well.Originally,it 8. (use) to describe Leonardo da Vincis many talents.Da Vinci is 9. (probable) most well known as a painter.Two of his paintings,and perhaps two of the most famous in the world,are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman 10. a meaningful smile.The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story. 答案及剖析:1.inventor考查名詞。達(dá)·芬奇是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期意大利的一位藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。這里應(yīng)該使用名詞,所以填inventor。es考查時(shí)態(tài)。由and means可判斷出這里應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且The word “renaissance”是第三人稱單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù),填comes。3.when Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.作定語,修飾a time,所以 Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.是一個(gè)定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,所以填關(guān)系副詞when。 4.lasted考查時(shí)態(tài)。表示發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時(shí),所以填lasted。5.Born考查非謂語動詞。be born in出生于,是固定用法,所以填Born。6.most talented考查最高級。他被許多人認(rèn)為是最有天賦和聰明的人之一。表示“最”,用最高級,所以填most talented。7.who考查定語從句。 does many things very well.作定語,修飾someone,所以 does many things very well.是一個(gè)定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,指人,所以填who。 8.was used考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。it和use之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài),且表示發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時(shí),綜上所述,用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài),填was used。9.probably考查副詞。修飾整個(gè)句子,用副詞,所以填probably。10.with考查介詞。蒙娜麗莎這幅畫中,一位女士帶著神秘的微笑。表示“帶著”,用with。.書面表達(dá)(2018山東桓臺第二中學(xué)月考)假定你是李華,端午節(jié)期間你的一個(gè)朋友Smith準(zhǔn)備到你所在的城市來旅游,但你有事不能接機(jī),寫封信給他。內(nèi)容包括以下要點(diǎn):1.解釋你不能接機(jī)的原因;2.說明端午節(jié)期間的安排。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),使行文連貫。One possible version:Dear Smith,I am more than delighted to hear that you are to pay a visit to my city during the Dragon Boat Festival.However,its a pity that I wont make it to pick you up at the airport,owing to the fact that I have to take an important exam then.However,there is no need to worry about that.I have arranged for my sister to meet you and keep you company.You are sure to enjoy yourself during your stay here since colorful activities are to be held everywhere.Along with tasty Zongzi,the Dragon Boat Races are a must in the celebration.It can be breathtaking to watch the traditional race.Looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Li Hua7