2019高考英語一輪選練習題 模塊5 Unit 3 Science versus nature（含解析）牛津譯林版

Science versus nature李仕才一、閱讀理解。Many of us have desires that might seem to be beyond our abilities，but looking to those who overcame similar difficulties can be a great source of inspiration for anyone trying to live their best life.Here are some quotes(引語) from people who chased their dreams and turned them into amazing realities.Estée Lauder“I didn't get there by wishing for it or hoping for it，but by working for it.”Estée Lauder，Founder of Estée Lauder Fun fact：Lauder started out by helping her chemist uncle sell face creams and perfumes and turned millionaire.Oprah Winfrey“You know you are on the road to success if you would do your job and not be paid for it.”O(jiān)prah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host Fun fact：There was a time when Winfrey couldn't afford soup.Now，she is a philanthropist(慈善家)and one of the most inspiring persons of her generation.Madam CJ.Walker“Don't sit down and wait for the opportunities to come.Get up and make them.” Madam CJ.Walker，Civil Rights Activist and InventorFun fact：Walker was known as the first black female millionaire after she launched her haircare line in 1905.In fact，she was the first American woman of any race to be a self­made millionaire.Sara Blakely“Embrace what you don't know，especially in the beginning，because what you don't know can become your greatest asset(財富)” Sara Blakely，Spanx FounderFun fact：Blakely earned a Forbes cover in 2012 for being the youngest female self­made billionaire.1Which of the following people is not a business person?AEstée Lauder. BOprah Winfrey.CSara Blakely. DMadam CJ.Walker.2What can we learn from the quotes of Estée Lauder and Madam CJ.Walker?AWell begun is half done.BRome was not built in one day.CAction speaks louder than words.DWhere there is a will，there is a way.3What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey received advanced education.BThey are truly creative and peace­loving.CThey turned nothing into something huge.DThey achieved great success in their fields.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。每個人都有超越自身能力的對成功的欲望，如何克服困難實現夢想呢？文章用四個成功人士對成功的見解和他們成功的經歷給出了答案。1B推理判斷題。Estée Lauder靠賣面霜和香水成了百萬富翁；Oprah Winfrey是個大慈善家；Madam CJ.Walker是美國第一位白手起家的黑人女百萬富翁；Sara Blakely 2012年榮登福布斯榜，是最年輕的白手起家的女億萬富翁。從對每一位的敘述及“Oprah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host”可知，Oprah Winfrey不是一位商人。故選B。2C推理判斷題。根據Estée Lauder的話中的“by working for it”和Madam CJ.Walker的話中的“Get up and make them.”可知，兩個人的話都表達了“行勝于言”。故選C。3D推理判斷題。文中提到的四個女性都是在各自領域中獲得偉大成功的典型。故選D。A、B兩項文中沒有提及；C項“把一無所有變成偉大”夸大事實。亮點句積累：I didn't get there by wishing for it or hoping for it, but by working for it.(Estée Lauder部分第一段)譯文：我不靠許愿或憧憬，而靠奮斗來獲取成功。二、單項選擇。1.Ive had a bad cough recently.Me too. Ive never experienced _ of air pollution in cities before.A. an acute problem B. a more acute problemC. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞比較級表示最高級概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我從來沒經歷過(比這)更嚴重的空氣污染問題。從 never , before 可以看出原來從來沒有比這更嚴重的，本句中用形容詞比較級表達的是最高級的概念，一個的問題，用 a。2.Recently, a video _ “tiger attack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible.A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled【答案】B【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段標題為“動物園里老虎的攻擊”的視頻在因特網上迅速傳播開來，并引起了一場關于實際上由誰來承擔責任的熱烈討論。3.The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _ seated on the grass unless it rains.A. them B. whom C. that D. who【答案】A【解析】本題看似在考查代詞、關系代詞的用法，實際上最主要的還是與非謂語動詞有密切關系。根據題干可知， 句中的seated 為過去分詞， 因此選 A項， 構成獨立主格結構“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校學生喜歡午飯后讀書，除非下雨，他們中大多數人就坐在草坪上讀書。4.Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?It implies that drug users find themselves _ in a prison from which they cannot escape.A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping【答案】C【解析】句意：吸毒者發(fā)現他們被困于監(jiān)獄中而不能逃跑。trap 與 themselves 是動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語。故選 C。find 后面作補足語的不定式不帶 to；B、D 兩項為主動意義。5. _ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached【答案】B【解析】我們可以將 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句意：附在禮物上的是一張便條，便條上說對在他在這里逗留期間我們給他的接待表示感謝。6.Trump Tower, _ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58­story skyscraper _ inMidtown Manhattan.A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating【答案】A【解析】Trump Tower 與 serve 是主謂關系，因此用現在分詞，由此可以排除 B、C 兩項；表示“位于某地點”，用固定短語“be located in.”，因此第二空用過去分詞。句意：川普大樓作為川普集團的總部，是一座坐落在曼哈頓的一棟 58 層的摩天大樓。7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _ by the police determine thepunishment, _ from a small fine to life imprisonment.A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged【答案】A【解析】 catch 與 person 之間是動賓關系， 因此要用過去分詞， 排除 C、 D 兩項； range from.to.意為“從到”，不用被動。句意：一個人被警察抓獲時所攜帶的非法毒品的種類和數量決定了懲罰的輕重。范圍從少量罰金到終身監(jiān)禁不等。8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _ in the world.A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard【答案】A【解析】句意：女性應該得到尊重，她們的聲音應該讓全世界人聽到?！癿ake賓語過去分詞”這個結構表示“使得被”，符合語境，make their voices heard 表示“讓她們的聲音被聽到”。9.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】句意：由于他的錢包、手機和身份證都被偷走了，所以警察正在調查，將把他送往一個社會救助站。根據句意可知，用“名詞過去分詞”這個獨立結構，因為 steal 與名詞 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都為動賓關系，所以用過去分詞。10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _ for public opinions by the cyberspaceauthorities, has drawn wide public concern.A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released【答案】D【解析】 句意： 網絡部門發(fā)布的未成年人網絡保護條例草案， 引起了社會的廣泛關注。 根據題意可知， release和 draft 之間是動賓關系，即用過去分詞作定語。11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _ the use of alternative energy sources.A. applying to B. compensating for C. catering to D. pushing for【答案】D【解祈】句意：為了防止進一步的污染，許多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to 適用于，應用于； compensate for 賠償；cater to 迎合；push for 努力說服，力勸，呼吁。12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _ in consideration of his service.A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of【答案】C【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作為的報酬，作為的酬勞。句意：客人對那位服務員很滿意，所以給了他一筆小費以酬謝他的服務。13.Im sure that she will remember the great favour he has _ by offering her a home.A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed【答案】C【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“幫某人一個忙” 。the great favour 是先行詞，后面是定語從句。句意：我肯定的說，她會永遠記住他給予了她一個家的恩惠。14.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help _ since the organization was built.A. has offered B. had been offeredC . have been offered D. is offered【答案】C【解析】as well as 連接兩個名詞詞組作主語時，動詞要與前一個名詞詞組在數上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式；再結合語境可知，此處應該用現在完成時。故選 C 項。句意：自從該組織成立以后，它提供了大量的信息還有及時的幫助。15.Difficult as the task was _, they never gave up and kept trying all the time.A. to be accomplished B. to accomplish C. being accomplished D. to have been accomplished【答案】B【解析】句意：任務盡管很難去完成，他們卻從未放棄并一直在嘗試。此題是 as 引導的讓步狀語從句與 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的結合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。三、完形填空。“Guys, get out of the mud! How many times do I have to tell you? ”I 1 the words angrily. I felt myself recreating the 2 words my parents had said to me so many times in the past, and I felt powerless to change my kids actions. A(n) 3 thought came to me, one that comes to most 4 at some point: “Am I becoming my father?”We were on a short vacation, and my daughter and son were playing in the mud, splashing(濺)it with their boots, and 5 the feeling. You know, one of those feelings that we adults are far too 6 to enjoy anymore. It was the third and last day of our trip, and Id been with the kids on a solo mission to northern Minnesota. My wife had stayed home to enjoy some 7 time to rest. Taking care of kids alone was 8 no easy task. And while wed 9 some great time on the trip, it didnt feel too great at the moment. I was 10 with something many fathers did with: a sense of 11 with my kids, and a feeling I should control their 12 . My son turned around to me and said, “Dad, relax! Its OK!”I 13 back at him, realizing he was right. 14 , the mud could be washed off. No lives were in 15 . The only 16 here was my desire to control them. I wanted to thank him for his 17 . Its useful to remember that our kids are not to be controlled. They should be guided and led, but not controlled. This desire to control can lead many fathers to an emotional 18 with their kids. And while many fathers are clearly 19 of this problem, they convince themselves that it can t be helped. The truth is that it can be helped, and fathers can 20 the relationship they have with their kids. 語篇解讀：作者無意中因為一件小事對孩子發(fā)脾氣，事后作者開始反思自己對孩子教育的方式，最后意識到對孩子的教育不是控制而是需要引導。1.A. picked outB. figured outC. spilled outD. complained about【答案】C【解析】從下文中的angrily可知，此處指作者惱怒地脫口而出。spill out在這里表示突然說出，脫口而出。2.A. valuableB. powerfulC. unforgettableD. same【答案】D【解析】由空前的recreating和空后的my parents had said to me so many times in the past可知，此處表示作者發(fā)現自己在重復過去父母對自己說過的相同的(same)話。3.A. alarmingB. inspiringC. amusingD. interesting【答案】A4.A. educatorsB. travelersC. fathersD. drivers【答案】C【解析】由下文中多次出現的father和fathers可知，此處應填fathers。5.A. expressingB. enjoyingC. exploringD. describing【答案】B【解析】根據上下文語境可知，此處表示孩子們享受(enjoying)這種感覺。6.A. familiarB. skilledC. matureD. corrupted【答案】C【解析】此處表示大人由于過于成熟，沒有了童心，因此享受不到這種快樂。7.A. relaxedB. preciousC. meaningfulD. remaining【答案】A【解析】根據上下文語境可知，作者一個人帶著兩個孩子，妻子在家享受休息時光，故這里用relaxed最合適。8.A. absolutelyB. similarlyC. additionallyD. gradually【答案】A【解析】一個人帶孩子絕對不是件容易的事。從下文的didnt feel too great可知，空處用來加強語氣，故選absolutely。9.A. sufferedB. experiencedC. encounteredD. counted【答案】B【解析】盡管我們已經經歷了(experienced)一些美好的時光，但此時此刻作者感覺并不美好。10.A. agreeingB. combiningC. comparingD. struggling【答案】D【解析】這里表示作者正如許多父親一樣在努力應付一件事情。struggle在此處表示作出極大的努力。11.A. impatienceB. embarrassmentC. satisfactionD. expression【答案】A【解析】對應上文中的angrily及作者對孩子說的話，此處表示作者對孩子缺乏耐心(impatience)。12.A. behaviorB. directionC. routineD. emotion【答案】A【解析】作者覺得自己應該控制孩子們的行為(behavior)，即約束孩子們不要在泥中玩耍。13.A. shoutedB. glaredC. dashedD. looked【答案】D14.A. HoweverB. IndeedC. ThereforeD. Otherwise【答案】B【解析】根據上下文語境，此處表示作者意識到泥的確(Indeed)可以被洗掉，且在泥中玩耍并沒有生命危險。15.A. vainB. doubtC. dangerD. shape【答案】C【解析】參見上題解析。in danger意為處于危險之中。16.A. chanceB. problemC. methodD. choice【答案】B【解析】此處表示孩子們的行為沒有問題，唯一的問題(problem)是作者想要控制孩子們的行為的這種欲望。17.A. confidenceB. responseC. educationD. concern【答案】B【解析】是孩子的回答(response)提醒了自己，因此作者很感激孩子。18.A. associationB. argumentC. communicationD. disconnection【答案】D【解析】控制孩子的欲望會導致父親與孩子之間的疏遠。disconnection分離，疏遠。19.A. afraidB. ashamedC. awareD. careful【答案】C【解析】盡管許多父親清楚地意識到(aware)這一點，但他們卻說服自己這是沒辦法的。20.A. buildB. destroyC. changeD. protect【答案】C 四、七選五。Of all the things that can be stolen from youyour possessions, your youth, your health, your words, your rightswhat no one can ever take from you is.·How you feel about yourself.It takes a long time to learn how to NOT judge yourself through someone elses eyes. 1. ·Your attitude towards life.The last of your freedoms is to choose your attitude in any given circumstance. Choose to be happy and positive. It is not always easy to find happiness in ourselves, but it is always impossible to find it elsewhere. 2. ·3. The measure of your life will not be in what you accumulate, but in what you give away. And 99 percent of the time you get what you put in, so give freely. If you want to be happy, make those around you happy.·Your knowledge and life experiences.Character and wisdom are formed over time. 4. Your best stories will come from overcoming your greatest struggles. So keep standing, keep learning, and keep living.·Your choice to move on enthusiastically.5 Dont let someone or something that didnt make it in your life continue to hurt you. Learn the lesson, forget the pain, and move on.AYour attitude towards yourself.BYour ability to spread love and kindness.CThey come with loss, lessons, and successes.DBut once you do, the world is yours for the taking.ESo smile all the way and walk away from negative people.FDont let past relationships and old mistakes ruin your future.GHolding your uniqueness in high regard is necessary to success.【解題導語】本文介紹了五種任何人從你身上都拿不走的東西。1D解析：根據本段主題句“How you feel about yourself.”可知，本段主要闡述“人們對自我的一個測評(認知)”；空前說“學會不用他人的眼光來看自己需要很長時間”，緊接著空處應起承上作用，故選D，表示“但是一旦你這么做了，世界都屬于你”。2E解析：根據本段主題句“Your attitude towards life.”可知，本段主要闡述“你對生活的態(tài)度”，結合空前一句可知，選E項“一直微笑并遠離那些消極的人”。3B解析：此處為本段的主題句。根據下文內容“生活的長度不在于你擁有多少，而在于你給予他人多少”可推出，本段的中心句是“你傳遞愛與善良的能力”。故選B。4C解析：此處選上下文銜接句。空前講“你的品質和智慧都是隨著時間而形成的”，空后說“克服最大的苦難你就會過得精彩”，由此可推斷出，空處選C項“它們的形成伴隨著失敗、教訓及成功”，起承上啟下的作用。5F解析：根據本段主題句和下文“Dont let.Learn the lesson, forget the pain, and move on.”可推斷，空處選F項“不要讓過去的關系和錯誤毀掉你的未來”。11