2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4

Women of achievement李仕才一、閱讀理解Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything.Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older."The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier.In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy.Even if one does give in to age's dark side, health and happiness don't always go hand-in-hand. It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicagos Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesnt appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in ones life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. The key factor to older adults happinessB. There is a conflict between aging and happinessC. No one can define the limit to happiness.D. The relationship between health and happiness.2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts?A. They focus on what makes them feel good.B. They have their own circle of friends.C. They have better income after retirement.3.What can we learn from the passage?A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness.C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic.4.Whats the topic discussed in the passage?A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness.B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.C. What the limit to an elder persons happiness is.D. How older people feel compared with younger people.【文章大意】隨著年齡的增加變老，人們的幸福感也是不一樣的。一些人認(rèn)為老年人會(huì)更幸福些，而另一部分分則持有相反的觀點(diǎn)。無(wú)論如何，幸福的關(guān)鍵在于一個(gè)人對(duì)生活的態(tài)度。1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)此段中“the good news is that there doesnt appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in ones life no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和限度的。故選C。3.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicagos Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.”可知，人們對(duì)生活和幸福的感覺(jué)主要取決于一個(gè)人的態(tài)度。故選B。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _(regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.答案：is regarded當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由along with引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)(cycling)保持一致；cycling與regard之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且此處描述一般事實(shí)。2He was observed by officers _(drive) at 90 miles per hour.答案：drivingobserve在本句中意為“注意到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，在句中構(gòu)成observe sb. doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式，用v.­ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。3Many times the person who hurt you does not intend _ (apologize)答案：to apologizeintend to do sth. “打算做某事”。4Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable _(achieve) for one so young.答案：achievementa remarkable achievement “一個(gè)非凡的成就”。5With our teacher _(support) us, we feel quite encouraged.答案：supportingsupport “支持”前有With, 因此應(yīng)使用所填詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且teacher和support構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填supporting。6He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile _(buy) it.答案：buying/to buyIt is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。7The little boy's bad _(behave) at the party made his parents upset.答案：behaviourbehaviour “行為”是名詞，此處作主語(yǔ)。8Tolerance consists in _(respect) the opinions of others.答案：respecting句意：寬容在于尊重別人的觀點(diǎn)。介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞­ing形式。9Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of _(entertain)答案：entertainment介詞of后應(yīng)為名詞entertainment “娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)；娛樂(lè)”。10What I would like to do today is to advance an _(argue) and see what you make of it.答案：argument由an可知，應(yīng)填argument名詞“論點(diǎn)”。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I _1_ that I could just give what I thought others _2_ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂(lè)小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was _3_ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. _4_ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the _5_ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections _6_ people.My struggle with mental health was something that _7_ into a campaign to let every single person know that they _8_ and couldn't be replaced.At high school，it could be _9_ to convey this idea，but I _10_ pursued my passions (激情). The _11_ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help _12_：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _13_ them to those who seemed to need a pick­me­up.I tried to _14_ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a _15_ place to express themselves and learn _16_ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly _17_ to inspire both myself and my friends.When I go off the college this year，I'll be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a non­profit foundation in the future.My _18_ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of _19_ problems，but something that can be changed by even the _20_ actions.1A.wondered BfiguredCdoubted Dpredicted2A.wanted BignoredClost Dordered3A.unfortunately BtotallyCregularly Daccurately4A.It BTheyCHe DThis5A.ability BdesireCbelief Dreason6A.for BwithCfrom Dabout7A.fell BdividedCbroke Dturned8A.mattered BexistedCsurvived Dsucceeded9A.difficult BfunnyCdifferent Dperfect10A.casually BbrieflyCfirmly Dsurely11A.difficulty BpurposeCfruits Dmethod12A.strangers BteenagersCfriends Dfamilies13A.led BlentCpassed Dlimited14A.write BmemorizeCprepare Drecall15A.quiet BimportantClarge Dsafe16A.how BwhatCwhere Dwhen17A.discussions BsuggestionsCexperience Dtheories18A.final BprimaryCsimple Dgrand19A.complex BunsolvableCunknown Dterrible20A.latest BlaziestCslowest Dsmallest【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個(gè)人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動(dòng)，因?yàn)榧词故亲钚〉男袆?dòng)都可以產(chǎn)生影響。1B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認(rèn)為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂(lè)小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項(xiàng)意為“想知道”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)為，以為”；C項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”；D項(xiàng)意為“預(yù)測(cè)”。短文第一句說(shuō)明了作者小時(shí)候的想法，即作者認(rèn)為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細(xì)地解釋他的想法。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。2A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“想要”；B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“丟失”；D項(xiàng)意為“命令，訂購(gòu)”。此處指作者認(rèn)為給予別人他認(rèn)為別人需要的東西，他就會(huì)快樂(lè)。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。3B考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“不幸地”；B項(xiàng)意為“完全地”；C項(xiàng)意為“定期地”；D項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)確地”。由下文可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩呐R床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達(dá)的是“這個(gè)思維過(guò)程完全變了”。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。4A考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It becomes/becameadj.that從句”，代詞it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。故選A。5A考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“能力”；B項(xiàng)意為“渴望”；C項(xiàng)意為“信念”；D項(xiàng)意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者所需要的和每個(gè)人所需要的一樣，就是愛(ài)自己的能力。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。6B考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點(diǎn)，我必須學(xué)會(huì)如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with.是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“與建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。7D考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。各選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過(guò)程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達(dá)的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。turn into符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。8A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項(xiàng)意為“存在”；C項(xiàng)意為“幸存”；D項(xiàng)意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldnt be replaced”可推知，此處表達(dá)的是“讓每個(gè)人都知道他們很重要，無(wú)法被替代”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。9A考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“困難的”；B項(xiàng)意為“滑稽的”；C項(xiàng)意為“不同的”；D項(xiàng)意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個(gè)分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個(gè)想法”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。10C考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“隨意地”；B項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)短地”；C項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定地”；D項(xiàng)意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)“但是我堅(jiān)定地追隨我的激情”。C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。11C考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學(xué)校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助的習(xí)慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。12B考查名詞辨析。 .Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _ them to those who seemed to need a pick­me­up.(第二段第三句) 譯文：每個(gè)星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎(jiǎng)品來(lái)到學(xué)校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。13C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“把傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達(dá)的是作者把帶來(lái)的作業(yè)獎(jiǎng)品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。14B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“寫(xiě)”；B項(xiàng)意為“記住”；C項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)意為“回憶”。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。15D考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個(gè)俱樂(lè)部，學(xué)生們?cè)谶@里可以表達(dá)自己的想法，由此可知這是一個(gè)安全的地方，學(xué)生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。16A考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者想讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何把表達(dá)的情感運(yùn)用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。17B考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“討論”；B項(xiàng)意為“建議”；C項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理論”。在作者的個(gè)人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號(hào)上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵(lì)自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類(lèi)的內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，其余各項(xiàng)均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B。18A考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nod­profit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句)譯文：這將幫助我在將來(lái)建立一個(gè)非盈利基金會(huì)。由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅(jiān)持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說(shuō)的就是他的最終目標(biāo)。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。19B考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項(xiàng)意為“難以解決的”；C項(xiàng)意為“未知的”；D項(xiàng)意為“糟糕的”。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者的最終目標(biāo)是要證明這個(gè)世界不是無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。20D考查形容詞最高級(jí)辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“最新的”；B項(xiàng)意為“最懶的”；C項(xiàng)意為“最慢的”；D項(xiàng)意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動(dòng)都會(huì)改變一些事情。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。四、單句改錯(cuò)1After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career._答案：outoncarry on “繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持”。2It didn't occur to me he would refuse my invitation._答案：me后加thatIt didn't/doesn't occur to sb. that “某人沒(méi)有想到”。3If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined._答案：deliverydeliverfail to do sth. “沒(méi)有做某事”，deliver the goods “送貨”，delivery是名詞。4You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision._答案：withtorefer sth. to sb. “把某事交給某人(解決)”。5We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children._答案：aton/uponlook down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。五、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2018·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)I still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped into the elevator, each one was full of people. _1_However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time. _2_ The cafeteria followed this schedule, only being open a few hours per day.When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. _3_ Everyone lines up and takes a tray, but instead of silverware, here are chopsticks and soup spoons.As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and a few people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right _4_ I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.I have been at my company for over a year and a half. _5_ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello.I am still getting used to eating lunch at “l(fā)unchtime”， but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there was something like this at offices in my hometown.AI thought I had missed a fire drill.BThere was no emergency, it was just lunchtime.CI noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.DI felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.EThe canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.FAnd now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.GI was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了在中國(guó)，“我”在公司餐廳吃午飯的所見(jiàn)和所感。1A根據(jù)空處后一句“However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking”可知，沒(méi)有著火的跡象，人們?cè)诟呗曊勑Γ籄項(xiàng)中的“fire”和該句對(duì)應(yīng)，說(shuō)明“我”看到許多人在電梯里時(shí)的想法：人很多，跟消防演習(xí)一樣。故A項(xiàng)正確。2B根據(jù)空處前一句“It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time”可知“我”想起了每個(gè)中國(guó)人都是在同一時(shí)間段吃午飯；據(jù)此可推斷，“我”意識(shí)到?jīng)]有緊急情況發(fā)生，只是到了吃午飯的時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)正確。3E根據(jù)空處后一句“Everyone lines up and takes a tray, but instead of silverware, here are chopsticks and soup spoons”可知，每個(gè)人都排著隊(duì)，拿著托盤(pán)，但是在這里人們拿著筷子和湯勺等著打飯菜，而不是刀子和叉子；據(jù)此可以判斷，公司的餐廳使“我”想起了“我”學(xué)校的餐廳，故E項(xiàng)正確。4D根據(jù)空處后一句“I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad”可知，最后，“我”去吃了豬肉、黃瓜和豆腐。據(jù)此可推知，“我”快速地做出了吃什么菜的決定，故D項(xiàng)正確。5F根據(jù)空處后一句“I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello”可知，通過(guò)反復(fù)品嘗，“我”知道了“我”喜歡吃什么菜，很多工人認(rèn)識(shí)“我”并和“我”打招呼；據(jù)此可推斷，“我”現(xiàn)在在餐廳感到很自信，故F項(xiàng)正確。10