2019高考英語一輪基礎梳理與練習 Unit 1 Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1

人教必修一Unit 1Friendship李仕才【短文語法填空】Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. (connect) with particular historical periods，such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3. (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. (variety) combinations of forms and genres exist.Many or most of these 5. (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty.Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7. the May Fourth Movement took place，and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2，500­year period of more­or­less continuous development shows 8. great deal of diversityclassified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods.Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry，another is 9. (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art，such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10. poetry worldwide.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章簡單介紹了中國古詩的一些相關情況。1written考查非謂語動詞。中國古詩是用古文寫的傳統(tǒng)中國詩歌。write與poetry之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。2connections考查名詞。空前有形容詞close“緊密的”，故空處填名詞。connection在此表示“(兩種事實、觀念等的)聯系，關聯”，是可數名詞，故填名詞的復數形式。3is documented考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。document在此表示“記錄，記載”，是及物動詞，document與existence之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，且此處表示客觀事實，要用一般現在時。4Various考查形容詞。存在多種多樣的形式和種類的結合體。空處修飾名詞combinations，故填形容詞various“多種多樣的”。5arose考查動詞的時態(tài)。它們中的很多或者說大部分產生于唐代晚期。arise“產生，出現”，是不及物動詞，根據時間狀語at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知本句用一般過去時。6actively考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾謂語動詞continued，故用副詞actively“活躍地”。7when考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞是the year of 1919，空處在從句中作時間狀語，故填when。8a考查冠詞。a great deal of“大量的，許多”，是固定搭配，修飾不可數名詞，故填a。9its考查代詞?？仗幹复鷮ο笫荂lassical Chinese poetry，且表示“的”，故填its。易錯分析本空容易誤填their，因為學生沒有弄清楚文章的邏輯關系，以為空處指代的對象是前面的the key aspects。但是如果這樣的話，句意就說不通了。10on/upon考查介詞。influence“影響”常與介詞on/upon連用。一高考單詞識記·思考·運用1核心詞匯ignore vt.不理睬；忽視pack v捆扎；包裝；打行李 n小包；包裹upset adj.心煩意亂的；不適的；不安的 vt.使不安；使心煩；弄翻；打翻calm adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt. & vi.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)定suffer v遭受；忍受；經歷suffering n折磨；苦難recover vt. & vi.痊愈；重新獲得recovery n康復；痊愈；復得settle v定居，安家；停留；解決；安排 settlement n定居點；解決disagree vi.不同意 disagreement n不同意 agree v同意 agreement n同意power n能力；力量；權力powerful adj.強大的；有力的powerless adj.無力的；沒有能力的concern vt.使擔憂；涉及；關系到 n擔心；關注；利害關系concerned adj.擔心的；憂慮的concerning prep.關于；涉及2常考詞匯dislike n. & vt.厭惡loose adj.松的；松開的teenager n十幾歲的青少年partner n搭檔，合作者tip n提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費vt.傾斜；翻倒exactly adv.確實如此；正是；確切地exact adj.精確的；準確的outdoors adv.在戶外，在野外outdoor adj.戶外的，露天的entire adj.整個的；完全的entirely adv.完全地；整個地用所給單詞的適當形式填空1My entire (entirely) family is hearing，and so are all my friends.(2017·全國卷)2This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering (recover) from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.(2017·全國卷)3Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017·全國卷)4I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers (power)(2017·全國卷)5Nobody entering a university knows exactly (exact) what they want to study.(2016·浙江卷)6Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors(outdoor) and close to plants.(2016·全國卷)7The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely(entire) free from dust.(2016·北京卷)8Others are_concerned(concern)about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)(2016·全國卷)9Rich countries gain more from powerful(power)Nios(厄爾尼諾)，on balance, than they lose.(2016·江蘇卷)“感謝”家族grateful adj.感激的；gratitude n感激appreciate v感激，感謝；appreciation n感激thank v感謝；thankful adj.感激的acknowledge v鳴謝，感謝；acknowledgement n鳴謝，感謝表示“能力；力量”的單詞薈萃power n權力；能力；力量ability n能力competence n能力；勝任energy n精力；能源force n武力strength n力量dis­否定前綴高頻詞集錦disappear vi.消失disappoint vt.使失望discourage vt.使氣餒discover vt.發(fā)現disobey vt.不服從disability n殘疾disadvantage n不利條件；弱點“adv.n.”構成的合成詞outdoors adv.在戶外；在野外outdoor adj.戶外的，露天的indoors adv.在室內；往室內indoor adj.室內的，戶內的upstairs adv.在樓上；往樓上adj.樓上的downstairs adv.在樓下；往樓下adj.樓下的uptown adv.在/向住宅區(qū)adj.(位于市鎮(zhèn)外圍)住宅區(qū)的downtown adv.在商業(yè)/鬧市區(qū)adj.商業(yè)區(qū)的，鬧市區(qū)的【完形填空】We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of self­awareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of self­awareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, one­directional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. That's because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papersBcoversCheadlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespecially Dcompletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand6A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touchable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dismisses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BoutcomeCsuccess Dreview18A.cause BprepareCaccelerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass20A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文對大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動物都做了有關自我意識感方面的研究，結果顯示大熊貓的自我認知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認不出鏡子里的自己。1C考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內新聞頭條。C項意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語境。A項意為“報紙”；B項意為“封面”；D項意為“頁碼”，均與語境不符。故選C項。2A考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內新聞頭條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會被廣泛傳閱。A項意為“廣泛地”，符合語境。B項意為“流行地”；C項意為“特別地”；D項意為“完全地”，均與語境不符。故選A項。3C考查形容詞辨析。根據第二段第一句中的“a classic test of self­awareness”可知，這里指的是現在看起來大熊貓是沒有自我意識的。C項意為“有意識的”，符合語境。A項意為“害羞的”；B項意為“喜歡的”；D項意為“自信的”，均與語境不符。故選C項。4A考查動詞辨析。根據下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of self­awareness.”可知，可愛的大熊貓沒有通過這種經典的自我意識測試。A項意為“失敗”，符合語境。B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“面對”；D項意為“指揮，引導”，均與語境不符。故選A項。5C考查動詞辨析。根據下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此處指大熊貓認不出鏡子中的自己。C項意為“辨認出”，符合語境。A項意為“觀察”；B項意為“發(fā)現”；D項意為“理解”，均與語境不符。故選C項。6B考查動詞短語辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動物是否有自我認知。B項意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語境。A項意為“相信，信任”；C項意為“挑選出”；D項意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語境不符。故選B項。7A考查名詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指自我認知，是一種感覺。A項意為“感覺”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種感”，符合語境。B項意為“問題”；C項意為“觀點”；D項意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A項。8B考查介詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指在實驗中，動物在鏡子中呈現出來。表示使用某種工具，應用介詞with。9D考查連詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號。故選D項。10B考查形容詞辨析。根據常識可知，在自己臉上的標記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項意為“可見的”，符合語境。A項意為“可觸摸的”；C項意為“可覺察的”；D項意為“可能的”，均與語境不符。故選B項。11C考查動詞辨析。根據下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動物注意到臉上的標記，它會感受到這個標記的。C項意為“感受，感覺”，符合語境。A項意為“解雇，解散”；B項意為“承認”；D項意為“移動”，均與語境不符。故選C項。12D考查代詞辨析。根據上文及轉折詞“but”可知，此處指沒有一只大熊貓像其他動物一樣能感受到臉上的標記。故選D項。13C考查副詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項意為“代替，而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“因此”；B項意為“然而”；D項意為“仍然”，均與語境不符。故選C項。14B考查名詞辨析。根據常識可知，鏡子中應是映照出的影像。B項意為“映像，倒影”，符合語境。A項意為“反應”；C項意為“操作，手術”；D項意為“想象”。均與語境不符。故選B項。15C考查動詞辨析。根據下文中熊貓的反應可知，熊貓表現出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項意為“威脅”，符合語境。A項意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項意為“使驚訝”；D項意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語境不符。故選C項。16A考查副詞辨析。根據常識可知，害怕會向后退。A項意為“向后”，符合語境。B項意為“獨自地”；C項意為“向前”；D項意為“一起，沿著”，均與語境不符。故選A項。17B考查名詞辨析。根據語境可知，此處指研究的結果。B項意為“結果”，符合語境。A項意為“失敗”；C項意為“成功”；D項意為“復習”，均與語境不符。故選B項。18A考查動詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導致某人做某事”，符合語境。B項意為“準備”；C項意為“加速”；D項意為“督促”，均與語境不符。故選A項。19D考查名詞辨析。根據上文中的“one­directional glass”可知，glass符合語境。故選D項。20D考查介詞短語辨析。由語境可知，此處指這就是因為大熊貓相信鏡子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項意為“而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“除了”；B項意為“不管”；C項意為“因為”，均與語境不符。故選D項。二重點短語識記·思考·運用1動詞介詞/副詞(名詞)add up合計calm(.) down(使)平靜下來；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來go through經歷；經受；完成；仔細檢查set down記下；放下；登記suffer from遭受；患病pack (sth.) up將(東西)裝箱打包join in參加；加入fall in love相愛；愛上2介詞名詞on purpose故意地；有目的地at dusk 在黃昏時刻3be/get過去分詞/副詞介詞be concerned about關心；掛念get/be tired of對厭煩get along/on with與相處；進展4其他形式face to face 面對面地in order to 為了a series of 一連串的；一系列；一套have got to不得不；必須用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空1I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down.(2017·全國卷)2. In_order_to make a change, you need to decide why its important.(2017·全國卷)3This delicious tour goes_through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.(2017·全國卷)4I learned that if you fall_in_love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it.(2016·天津卷)5Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go_through them and make necessary changes.(2016·全國卷)6The psychologist Michael has studied this cooperativeness(協(xié)作) in a_series_of experiments with very young children.(2016·江蘇卷)動詞down(寫、記)短語小結write down寫下copy down抄下put down記下note down記下set down記下；放下；登記take down記下，記錄go短語薈萃go about走來走去，(謠言等)流傳go across走過，越過go after追逐，追求，跟隨go against反對，不利于go ahead前進，進展，繼續(xù)go up上升，上漲，增加go through審查，履行，通過，經歷，忍受動詞up短語一覽add up合計do up整理pack up裝箱打包fix up修理，安排，裝置clear up整理，收拾，放晴三佳句選粹在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通背原句學句型練仿寫1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的時候，你不小心松了手，結果狗被一輛汽車撞了。while walking the dog為狀語從句的省略句式。爬山時，我們欣賞到了溫暖的陽光和美麗的風景。While_climbing_the_mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty­five months before they were discovered.她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個月之后才被發(fā)現。before 引導時間狀語從句，意為“在之后才”。如果你錯過了這次機會，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。If you miss this chance, it may be years before_you_get_another_one_.3.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。its .that.是強調句型。直到我來到了這里我才意識到這個地方不僅以美景聞名，而且它的天氣也很有名。It_was_not_until_I_came_here_that_I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.4.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.這是我這一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has(have)/had done sth.“這/那是某人第一次做某事”。這是她第三次贏得比賽，這使我們都很吃驚。It is the third time that she has_won_the_race_，which has surprised us all.【短文改錯】Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.答案：Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.解析：在全文中是第一次出現，不能用特指，而應用泛指。故將the改為a。解析：現在分詞作狀語表主動含義，此處wear的主語是we，其間是主動關系。解析：幫助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth這一搭配。故將with去掉。解析：交通法規(guī)為固定用語，法規(guī)肯定不可能就一個。故將rule改為rules。解析：固定用語，意為令我們高興的是。故將delighted改為delight。解析：副詞修飾形容詞，此處是用副詞patiently修飾形容詞waited。解析：整篇文章所描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，所以動詞應用過去時態(tài)。解析：考查定語從句中介詞which的用法，此處for是與后面praised相照應的，praise sb.for sth.解析：全篇的人稱都是we我們，根據句意也應該是“我們和警察道別”。解析：it在此處作形式賓語不可省略，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。11