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1、第一講時態(tài)語態(tài)李仕才第一課時知識過關(guān)課1.運用“7看法”，熟記“4句型”速判動詞的時態(tài) (1)掌握獨特的時間狀語標(biāo)志(7看法)1看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等想到用一般現(xiàn)在時2看到y(tǒng)esterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等想到用一般過去時態(tài)3看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等想到用將來時態(tài)4看到all the time, now, at present等想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)5看到at that time, then, at six oclock
2、 yesterday等想到用過去進(jìn)行時6看到at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow等想到用將來進(jìn)行時7看到since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the last/past few years等想到用完成時態(tài)I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its still dark.我通常每天早晨四點起床，那時天還很黑。I will be talking with the professor at this time t
3、omorrow.明天這個時間我將在和教授談話。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的時候，我將會已經(jīng)把房子打掃得干干凈凈。(2)熟記固定句型中的時態(tài)(4句型)be doing.when.，主句常用過去進(jìn)行時，從句常用一般過去時。no sooner.than或hardly.when.，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。It is/has been時間段since.表示“自從以來已經(jīng)”。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用一般過去時。This/It/That is the fi
4、rst/second.time that.表示“這/那是第一/二次”，后面的句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week, isnt it?這已經(jīng)是你本周第三次工作遲到了，不是嗎？The boy was doing his homework when his father cam
5、e back from work.當(dāng)那個男孩的父親下班回來時，他正在做作業(yè)。2.被動語態(tài)的幾點說明(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，就要用被動語態(tài)。(2)只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動詞或及物的短語動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(3)happen，occur，come about，take place等不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(4)帶有介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)，不要漏掉介詞。The children will be looked af
6、ter well here.這些孩子在這里將受到很好的照顧。(5)系動詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動形式表示被動意義，主語通常是事物。The material feels very soft.這種料子摸起來很柔軟。讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。注意時態(tài)語態(tài)的用法。I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students Union.I am_writing1 to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our c
7、ampus：littering and scribbling.It has_been_making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel_ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students Union held4 a meeting to seek some solutions to these problems.We were_having5
8、 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the school had_made6 efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would_be_placed7 around.Recently，the Students Union has_set_up8 specific rules against such behaviour.At the same time，all o
9、f us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will_become9 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示從過去從開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。3.一般現(xiàn)在時，表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作。4.一般過去時，在過去某個時間里(last week上周
10、)所發(fā)生的動作。5.過去進(jìn)行時，在過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。6.過去完成時，表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”。7.過去將來時，表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。另外，此處主語dustbins為動作的承受者，所以用被動語態(tài)。8.現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。9.一般將來時，表示在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。.單句填空(用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote village.2.This p
11、roverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.3.People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.4.Her mother was excited.“Your f
12、ather has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane was_informed(inform).5.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was_pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6.Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I am_doing(
13、do).7.It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended(attend) since I came to this school.8.In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.9.By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had_graduated(graduate) from college.10.Barbara is easy to
14、 recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears(wear) evening dress.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。)1.It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talkedhas_talked2.The vase isnt belong to him.isntdoesnt3.She insisted that she organized the trip on her own.org
15、anizedorganize4.In the last twenty years，great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉have后的been5.As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.gogoes6.Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip.在dreamed前加have7.Hardly I sat down
16、 when I heard the shocking news.在I前加had8.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在translated前加been9.The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在care后加of10.The new teaching building was builded last year.buildedbuilt.語篇填空(用括號中動詞的正確形式填空)How have you ma
17、naged not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1._(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that，in the past，2._(start) him drinking again.
18、For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._(begin) again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day，”was Dads reply to my 18yearold unasked question.And then he 4._(share) the poem with me.About a month after this talk with my
19、father，when I 5._(have) a rest，I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6._(be) my experience that when you 7._(get) something with days of the year on it，you 8._(turn) to the page that lists your
20、own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There，on my birthday，was the exact same poem that 9._(help) my father for all these years！It 10._(call) the Serenity Prayer.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】一位十八歲的兒子鼓起勇氣問出了懷揣了將近二十年的問題：父親是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本書上，正好
21、在自己生日對應(yīng)的那一頁看到了父親戒酒期間鼓勵自己的禱告，體現(xiàn)了父親為了兒子而戒酒的濃濃的父愛。1.took從下文“For a few years we were afraid to.”的“were”可知，此處應(yīng)該用一般過去時。2.would have started句意：“父親最初戒酒時，一旦他陷入過去再次喝酒的情景時，整個家庭就會坐立不安?！睆纳衔摹癳very time he got into a.”的謂語動詞的過去式可知，此處表達(dá)的是過去肯定會發(fā)生的事情。3.would begin從句無謂語動詞，且從上文“we were afraid to bring it up for fear”謂語動
22、詞were可知，此處缺少一個表示過去將來的謂語動詞。4.shared本句無謂語動詞，從該句時間副詞“then”可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時。5.was having由when引起的時間狀語從句中從句部分無謂語動詞，故have在本句應(yīng)作謂語動詞，又從主句的謂語動詞received可知，當(dāng)時作者應(yīng)該是正在休息，收到禮物，故此處應(yīng)該填動詞的過去進(jìn)行時，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作。6.has been此句為it引導(dǎo)的形式主語從句，be在主句中作謂語動詞；由下文的“my experience”可知這樣的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生多次，已成經(jīng)驗，故用完成時態(tài)。7.get由when引起的從句缺少謂語動詞，再由原文可知，這里表達(dá)的
23、是一件經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情，故用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。8.will turn由when引起的時間狀語從句中，從句的謂語動詞get用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句就會用一般將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的動作。9.had helped由于主句therebe句式的謂語動詞be用過去時，而以the poem為先行詞的定語從句中無謂語動詞，需要一個表示發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前的動作，故用過去完成時。10.is called句子無謂語動詞，故call應(yīng)作句子的謂語；而it與call之間是被動關(guān)系；文中講的是書名，應(yīng)為客觀存在的事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。第二課時高考研究課動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在語法填空中的考查點規(guī)律方法“4步法”確定動詞的
24、時態(tài)和語態(tài)第一步，確定句子是否缺少謂語：如果括號中給出的提示詞是動詞，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少謂語，那么空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞，就要考慮使用合適的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。第二步，確定時態(tài)：要根據(jù)具體的語境、時間狀語或另一動詞的時態(tài)來判斷用哪種時態(tài)。第三步，確定語態(tài)：語態(tài)要根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定。主語和謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系時動詞就應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)，是被動關(guān)系時就應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。第四步，確定主謂一致：要注意謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。真題驗證11.Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly
25、 unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全國卷)答案were used此處講的是過去的事情，主語Steam engines和use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2.Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017全國卷)答案managed此處講的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時，主語engineers和man
26、age之間是主動關(guān)系，故填managed。3.When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全國卷)答案are removed填空處在句中作謂語。本文講述的是現(xiàn)狀，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是fat and salt，與remove之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are removed。4.Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next yea
27、r.(2017全國卷)答案has been told/was told句意應(yīng)為“有人告訴過Sarah，她可能是英國的一名新超模，下一年能掙一百萬美元”，故句子謂語應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。由于從句中的謂語動詞could be此處也可以使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。5.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school _(come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(2017全國卷)答案comes此句是直接引語，根據(jù)
28、前后句子的謂語可知，動詞come應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時。6.Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.(2017浙江卷)答案searched根據(jù)后面的but turned up nothing可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的行為，故要用一般過去時。7.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spr
29、ead over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長)through it.(2017浙江卷)答案swept戒指被掃進(jìn)垃圾堆里。主語the ring與動詞sweep之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處要用動詞的過去分詞形式。8.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全國卷)答案were由前面謂語動詞beli
30、eved, would remind等使用過去時，可知此處be動詞應(yīng)使用過去時。9.It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015全國卷)答案arrived在句型“be doing.when.”中，前半分句中使用了過去進(jìn)行時，后半分句中arrive應(yīng)該使用過去時。10.This cycle _(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always
31、 a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全國卷)答案goes此處謂語動詞陳述了一種客觀真理。動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在短文改錯中的考查點規(guī)律方法3“從”原則1.從語篇和上下文整體把握時態(tài)；從時間狀語上判斷時態(tài)。2.從連詞前后看平行謂語動詞的差異。3.從主謂關(guān)系上判斷主動或被動關(guān)系。真題驗證21.When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017全國卷)_答案camecomes本文整體用一般現(xiàn)在時，描述現(xiàn)狀。此處主句
32、是一般將來時，when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，且從句主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故應(yīng)用comes。2.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.(2017全國卷)_答案goeswent此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。3. I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.(
33、2017全國卷)_答案hadhave根據(jù)時間狀語in the past few years可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。4. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全國卷)_答案tooktaken由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故應(yīng)用過去分詞taken。5. About one month after this photo was taken, I e
34、ntered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017全國卷)_答案becomebecame此句中的enter和become是并列謂語，應(yīng)用一般過去時。6.However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016全國卷)_答案telltold由前句中的時態(tài) “didnt seem”，可知，后句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去時。7.A woman
35、 saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全國卷)_答案tellingtold由并列連詞and可知，telling應(yīng)該和前面的saw為平行的謂語動詞，故用told。8.Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015全國卷)_答案begunbegan由并列連詞and可知，begun應(yīng)該和前面的was scared為平行的謂語動詞；且begun和主語Tony為主動關(guān)系，故用began。9.Lots of studies have been shown that global warmin
36、g has already become a very serious problem.(2015全國卷)_答案去掉been根據(jù)語境可知，show和主語studies為主動關(guān)系。第三課時寫作增分課時態(tài)、語態(tài)在寫作中的增分點一、洞察“過去、現(xiàn)在和將來”寫對句子1.我希望他度過一個愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday)I_hope_that_he_has/will_have_a_happy_birthday.2.我們快一點，火車4點30分開。(leave)Lets_hurry.The_train_leaves_at_4：30.3.我在那個小學(xué)上過6年學(xué)。(study
37、, the primary school, for)I_studied_in_that_primary_school_for_six_years.4.我不知道你已經(jīng)出國了。(go abroad)I_didnt_know_you_had_gone_abroad.5.如果你想上重點大學(xué)，你的英語必須很優(yōu)秀。(be to, a key college, excellent)If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.6.像我們班主任這樣的人理應(yīng)受到尊重。(such.as, headteacher, be to,
38、respect)Such_people_as_our_headteacher_are_to_be_respected.二、知曉“何時完成”推敲句子1.我的表弟已經(jīng)回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已經(jīng)走了一個星期了。他在這里呆了一個月。(cousin, go back home, stay)My_cousin_has_gone_back_home.He_went_home_last_week.He_has_been_away_for_a_week.He_stayed_here_for_a_month.2.他2016年搬到這里，自那之后他一直住在這里。(move, live, ever since)H
39、e_moved_here_in_2016_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.3.過去幾年中國發(fā)展得很快。(develop rapidly, past few years)China_has_developed_rapidly_in_the_past_few_years.4.他感冒已經(jīng)快一個星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。(have a cold, catch a cold)He_has_had_a_cold_for_almost_a_week.He_caught_the_cold_last_Monday.5.上星期他沒去青島旅游，因為他以前曾經(jīng)去過。(visit Q
40、ingdao)He_didnt_visit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_there_before.6.到下周末為止，我離開家將有兩個月了。(be away from, by the end of)By_the_end_of_next_week,_I_will_have_been_away_from_home_for_two_months.三、善辨“何時進(jìn)行”優(yōu)化句子1.我沒有聽懂我們老師說什么，因為我剛才在考慮別的事情。(catch，think about，something else)I_didnt_catch_what_our_teache
41、r_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.2.你不必買那么貴的手機(jī)?？萍及l(fā)展很快，即使最新的型號也會很快就過時。(expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date)You_neednt_buy_that_expensive_a_cell_phone.As_technology_is_developing_very_rapidly,_even_the_newest_model_will_be_out_of_date_soo
42、n.3.既然你總是玩電子游戲，你怎能趕上別人呢？(how can, when, always, play video games)How_can_you_catch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?4.明天的這個時候我們就會在一起高興地交談。我急不可待地想見到你。(talk together happily, cant wait to)Well_be_talking_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_cant_wait_to_see_you.5.當(dāng)他從昏迷中醒來
43、之后，他意識到他已在那里躺了很長時間。(come to, realize, lie)When_he_came_to,_he_realized_he_had_been_lying_there_for_a_long_time.四、巧用“主將從現(xiàn)”寫美句子1.只要你不告訴別人，我就告訴你真相。(tell the truth, as long as, keep it to yourself)I_will_tell_you_the_truth_as_long_as_you_keep_it_to_yourself.2.一旦你到那里，請給我打個電話。(once, give sb a call)Once_yo
44、u_get_there,_please_give_me_a_call.3.等到你下次來，我們的新房子將會蓋好。你就可以和我們一起住了。(new house, complete, by the time, stay)Our_new_house_will_have_been_completed_by_the_time_you_come_next_time.Then_you_can_stay_with_us.4.即使明天下雨，我們也不會改變計劃。(change our plan, even if)We_wont_change_our_plan_even_if_it_rains_tomorrow.5.
45、抓到這個被通緝的人或者提供有價值線索的人將得到一大筆錢。(anyone who, the wanted man, provide useful information, award, a large sum of money)Anyone_who_catches_the_wanted_man_or_provides_useful_information_will_be_awarded_a_large_sum_of_money.6.你越努力，你的進(jìn)步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress)The_harder_you_work,_the_greater_pro
46、gress_you_will_make.五、熟用句型“亮”化句子1.我正要離開這時我的手機(jī)響了。(be about to.when)I_was_about_to_leave_when_my_mobile_phone_rang.2.我們正在上語文課，這時門開了，進(jìn)來一個警察。(have a Chinese class, when, in come)We_were_having_a_Chinese_class_when_the_door_opened_and_in_came_a_policeman.3.當(dāng)他們來到的時候，我的作業(yè)剛完成，正要去購物。(finish, go shopping, whe
47、n)I_had_just_finished_my_homework_and_was_about_to_go_shopping_when_they_arrived.4.這是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(the first time, amazing)This_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_been_in_Shanghai_and_I_feel_everything_is_so_amazing.5.那是我第一次見到外國人。我感到很興奮，就走上前去向他說了聲“hello”。(the first time, see, foreigner, excited, g
48、o up, say “hello” to)That_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_seen_a_foreigner.Feeling_very_excited,_I_went_up_and_said_“hello”_to_him.六、多用被動“洋”化句子1.我們每天都打掃教室。每天都給這些花澆水。(clean, water)Our_classroom_is_cleaned_every_day.These_flowers_are_watered_every_day.2.據(jù)報道，這個城市附近將建立一個大的化工廠，許多市民強(qiáng)烈反對。(it is reported that
49、, a large chemical factory, citizens, be opposed to)It_is_reported_that_a_large_chemical_factory_will_be_built_near_the_city_and_that_many_citizens_are_opposed_to_it.3.我們老師說，任何人都將受到懲罰，除非他不違反學(xué)校紀(jì)律。(anyone, punish, unless, break the regulations)Our_teacher_said_anyone_would_be_punished_unless_he_didnt_
50、break_the_regulations_of_our_school.4.那座橋正在重建，預(yù)計這些景點將在下周對游客開放。(the bridge, rebuild, attractions, be open to, tourist)The_bridge_is_being_rebuilt_and_it_is_expected_that_the_attractions_will_be_open_to_tourists_next_week.5.請聲音小一點，現(xiàn)在正在宣布獲勝者。(keep your voice down, the winners, announce)Keep_your_voice_
51、down,_please.The_winners_are_being_announced.6.我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成。我現(xiàn)在可以出去玩了。(homework, finish)My_homework_has_been_finished_and_I_can_go_out_to_play_now.7.等你下次來的時候，這個工程就已經(jīng)完工了。你將親自看到它是多么宏大。(the project, complete, by the time, how magnificent, for yourself)The_project_will_have_been_completed_by_the_time_you_come_next_time,_when_youll_see_how_magnificent_it_is_for_yourself.8.由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個小時。(owing, flight, delay, couple)Owing_to_bad_weather,_the_flight_was_delayed_for_a_couple_of_hours. 14
2019高考英語 重難增分篇 第一講 時態(tài)和語態(tài)講與練 新人教版
