非石棉墊片壓延成張機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【12張cad圖紙+文檔全套資料】

喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問咨詢QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問咨詢QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 1、查閱纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝與裝備的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和資料。查閱相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； 2、纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì)； 3、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 4、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 5、選配電機(jī)、關(guān)鍵部位強(qiáng)度校核（軸、軸承、傳動(dòng)齒輪、皮帶輪、支架等）、關(guān)鍵部位壽命校核（軸承等）； 6、完成設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)說明書。? 7．翻譯1萬印刷符（或譯出3千漢字）以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料。 8．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）說明書打印在“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文紙”上，論文的字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于1萬字，并附有300～500字的中文摘要及對(duì)應(yīng)的外文摘要。有關(guān)撰寫的格式及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB 7713—87《科學(xué)技術(shù)報(bào)告、學(xué)位論文和學(xué)術(shù)論文的編寫格式》執(zhí)行。 9．其它要求參照《南京工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作條例》執(zhí)行。 完成一張A0總成裝配圖； 完成1～4張A1部件裝配圖或2～8張A3部件裝配圖； 要求圖紙總量不少于相當(dāng)于6張A1圖紙的工作量。 [1]. 杜培德與蔡仁良, 纏繞式墊片設(shè)計(jì)系數(shù)的確定. 流體機(jī)械, 1998(03): 第34-37頁(yè). [2]. 陳琳, 國(guó)內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)述. 石油規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì), 1998(02): 第37-39+4頁(yè). [3]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)新技術(shù)與裝備. 石油機(jī)械, 1999(08): 第29-31頁(yè). [4]. P., D.S., A.C. W.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片在密封連接中的應(yīng)用. 化工與通用機(jī)械, 1979(04): 第44-50頁(yè). [5]. A., B.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片的壓縮性和變形規(guī)律性. 化工與通用機(jī)械, 1978(05): 第57-65頁(yè). [6]. 任建民, 蔡仁良與孟豐有, 金屬纏繞式墊片技術(shù)的新進(jìn)展. 流體機(jī)械, 1999(05): 第28-31+59頁(yè). [7]. 劉翠珊, 王開治與任建民, 美標(biāo)與化標(biāo)關(guān)于纏繞式墊片規(guī)定的比較, 2009. 第 66-67頁(yè). [8]. 王仕江, 章佳紅與俞桂浩, 從纏繞式墊片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看制造工藝的優(yōu)化, in 第九屆中國(guó)摩擦密封材料技術(shù)交流暨產(chǎn)品展示會(huì)2007: 中國(guó)上海. 第 3頁(yè). [9]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 金屬纏繞式墊片制造工藝及質(zhì)量控制. 石油化工設(shè)備, 2001(S1): 第80-82頁(yè). [10]. 王瑋與白福巖, 國(guó)內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與應(yīng)用. 科技致富向?qū)? 2014(18): 第135-136頁(yè). 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）各階段工作內(nèi)容 2014.12.3-12.31查閱文獻(xiàn)，做好開題前期工作 2015.1.1-1.31完善課題研究方案，完成外文翻 譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述和開題報(bào)告等工作 2015.2.1-6.7進(jìn)行課題的實(shí)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)研及結(jié) 果的處理與分析等，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書或論文 寫作，并修改完善。 2015.6.8-6.14修改論文，答辯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 所在學(xué)院： 專 業(yè)： 設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目： 非石棉墊片壓延成張機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開 題 報(bào) 告 題目：非石棉墊片壓延成張機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述 一、選題背景 墊片在航空航天、汽車運(yùn)輸、電子電器、儀表家電、醫(yī)療器械等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，是材料成型及控制工程專業(yè)的發(fā)展方向之一。了解和掌握墊片的成型性能測(cè)試和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，對(duì)解決墊片成型裝置、設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)備選擇具有十分重要的意義。 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日趨激烈，機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的更新速度越來越快，在機(jī)械及相關(guān)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著重要的作用，機(jī)械制造的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，其實(shí)質(zhì)是生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 該課題由教學(xué)內(nèi)容和對(duì)社會(huì)日常用品的觀察所得，隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，墊片的廣泛應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中。人們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟氖褂玫礁鞣N墊片。墊片制品越來越離不開人們的生活。通過畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，強(qiáng)化專業(yè)知識(shí)與CAD繪圖能力，學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立分析問題與解決問題的能力，同時(shí)提高自己的實(shí)際操作能力，為就業(yè)打好基礎(chǔ)。 二、課題設(shè)計(jì) 本次設(shè)計(jì)為非石棉墊片壓延成張機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),擬采用二輥膠料壓延成張機(jī)來對(duì)本次設(shè)計(jì)加以說明。 2.1 課題的內(nèi)容。 1.該設(shè)計(jì)主要運(yùn)用CAD電腦繪圖軟件進(jìn)行零件及墊片壓延機(jī)外形設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)合所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)，通過計(jì)算、繪圖和運(yùn)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料，進(jìn)行墊片壓延機(jī)外形設(shè)計(jì)的全面的基本技能訓(xùn)練。 2.設(shè)計(jì)過程中邊計(jì)算、邊繪圖，反復(fù)修改，計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)繪圖交替進(jìn)行。 3.通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，基本掌握墊片壓延機(jī)外形設(shè)計(jì)的一般規(guī)律、運(yùn)用，并熟練使用CAD進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。 2.2 課題的目的 通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，逐步樹立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想，增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)，基本上掌握零件及墊片壓延機(jī)外形設(shè)計(jì)，培養(yǎng)分析問題和解決問題的能力；通過計(jì)算、繪圖和運(yùn)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料，進(jìn)行全面的基本技能訓(xùn)練，為以后從事墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)工作打下一個(gè)良好的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。 2.3課題的意義 本題目不但對(duì)墊片壓延機(jī)的零件及外形進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),還對(duì)墊片壓延機(jī)的外觀進(jìn)行更人性化、更合理的設(shè)計(jì)。讓墊片壓延機(jī)更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的同時(shí),也讓自己成為復(fù)合型人才，提高自己的水平，提高自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械繪圖、公差與技術(shù)測(cè)量、機(jī)械原理及零件等理論知識(shí)，分析和解決墊片壓延機(jī)外形設(shè)計(jì)問題，進(jìn)一步鞏固、加深和拓寬所學(xué)的知識(shí)。 為了適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展要求，滿足企業(yè)對(duì)人才的需求，本學(xué)院對(duì)部分同學(xué)提出墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)這一個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題。此課題研究過程中涉及到我們大學(xué)三年所學(xué)的大量專業(yè)知識(shí)如：機(jī)械制圖、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助繪圖、CAD、公差與技術(shù)測(cè)量、墊片壓延機(jī)材料及墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)等專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課和專業(yè)課方面的知識(shí)。 三、墊片壓延機(jī)研究現(xiàn)狀及工作原理 墊片壓延機(jī)通常以輥筒的數(shù)目及排列的方式分類。根據(jù)輥筒數(shù)目的不同，墊片壓延機(jī)有雙輥、三輥、四輥、五輥甚至六輥墊片壓延機(jī)。生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)有較多的是三輥和四輥墊片壓延機(jī)。 墊片壓延機(jī)主要由機(jī)座、機(jī)架、軸承、輥筒、輥距調(diào)節(jié)裝置、輥筒變形調(diào)節(jié)裝置等組成。 墊片壓延機(jī)的工作原理與開煉機(jī)大致相同。具有一定溫度和可塑度的膠料喂入兩個(gè)相向回轉(zhuǎn)的輥筒間時(shí)，在摩擦力的作用下，膠料被拉入輥距中，由于輥距斷面的逐漸變小，使膠料受到強(qiáng)烈的擠壓而延展成型。通常許多壓延工藝要求配對(duì)的輥筒在一定的速比下工作，使膠料進(jìn)一步混煉、捏合和增加可塑度，最后通過最小輥距，被壓延成具有一定厚度和寬度的膠片。墊片壓延機(jī)除了將膠料壓成膠片外，有的工藝還需要在輥筒擠壓力的作用下，把膠片擠壓在紡織物上（貼膠或擦膠）或鋼絲簾布上，有的需要壓成一定的花紋和形狀（壓型），還有的需要將多層膠片粘合在一起。 四、本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段（途徑） 國(guó)內(nèi)粘結(jié)鐵氧體磁體生產(chǎn)廠家都采用軸瓦結(jié)構(gòu)的墊片壓延機(jī)，軸瓦材料一般為銅或尼龍，采用黃油潤(rùn)滑。軸瓦易磨損，造成軋輥轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生徑向跳動(dòng)，很難保證產(chǎn)品尺寸公差。因此，墊片壓延機(jī)一定要選用精度高的雙列向心滾子軸承，并采用稀油潤(rùn)滑，減小軸承磨損，確保磁板沿長(zhǎng)度方向厚度公差。由于顆粒料流動(dòng)性較差，尤其是沿幅寬方向受分子間作用力及軋輥撓曲變形的影響，壓延出的磁板沿幅寬方向經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)中間厚兩邊薄現(xiàn)象。尺寸超差會(huì)造成收卷時(shí)卷材中間緊，兩邊松散。解決厚度超差這個(gè)問題可采用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的倒“L”型四輥墊片壓延機(jī)。該墊片壓延機(jī)具有軸交叉和軸預(yù)彎曲功能。但該墊片壓延機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、價(jià)格昂貴、占地大、維修不便，廠房造價(jià)及設(shè)備運(yùn)行費(fèi)用也較高。因此，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了性能優(yōu)越的兩輥開放式墊片壓延機(jī)。 兩輥開放式壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵是輥型結(jié)構(gòu)、材料選擇及輥面處理和技術(shù)參數(shù)確定，其次是功能的配置。在輥型結(jié)構(gòu)方面，我們采取了不同于橡塑制品行業(yè)的超大輥徑中高度設(shè)計(jì)，目的是補(bǔ)償因軋制應(yīng)力產(chǎn)生的軋輥撓曲變形，并提高軋輥中間部位的軋制力，強(qiáng)制磁粉顆粒向兩邊流動(dòng)，同時(shí)針對(duì)壓延時(shí)可能采取的不同的軋輥加熱方式，分別設(shè)計(jì)了適合蒸汽加熱的中空輥和適合油加熱及水加熱的周邊鉆孔輥。經(jīng)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，兩種孔型的加熱方式都可滿足工藝對(duì)輥面溫度波動(dòng)誤差的要求。在材料選擇方面，我們采用耐磨性好、剛性強(qiáng)的合金冷硬鑄鐵材料，軋輥工作面硬度達(dá)HS72～75。但合金冷硬鑄鐵軋輥往往會(huì)因鑄造缺陷以及顆粒料中的添加劑可能對(duì)輥面的腐蝕作用，造成短時(shí)間使用后輥面出現(xiàn)“冰花狀云斑”，無法壓延出表面光滑的磁板，因而對(duì)輥面進(jìn)行特殊處理是十分必要的。特殊處理主要有表面噴涂耐磨材料和鍍硬鉻兩種方式，我們采用的是后者。為增強(qiáng)硬鉻與合金冷硬鑄鐵的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度，鍍鉻前需先鍍鎳，磨加工后鍍鉻層厚度一般為0.05～0.08mm。需特別指出的是，在生產(chǎn)一面覆PVC膜磁板時(shí)，臥式兩輥壓延機(jī)最好配置成一根鍍鉻輥，另一根為合金冷硬鑄鐵軋輥。由于合金冷硬鑄鐵軋輥軋制的磁板表面相對(duì)比較粗糙，有利于增強(qiáng)PVC膜與磁板的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度。 五、課題設(shè)計(jì)方案 有了前面的理論知識(shí)后，開始進(jìn)行課題研究。 ⑴ 首先進(jìn)行墊片壓延機(jī)各零件的性能分析：零件所含材料，材料性能特點(diǎn)，零件結(jié)構(gòu)分析，零件用途等。 ⑵ 然后開始設(shè)計(jì)墊片壓延機(jī)各零件的尺寸，一邊設(shè)計(jì)一邊記錄數(shù)據(jù)，并通過CAD軟件繪制零件的二維圖。 ⑶ 其次進(jìn)行墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)全過程，這是整個(gè)墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)過程的核心部分，也是最繁瑣最工作量最大的過程。其過程包括：墊片壓延機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)基本參數(shù)的確定、墊片壓延機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的總體設(shè)計(jì)、墊片壓延機(jī)裝配圖和零件圖的設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)過程主要運(yùn)用CAD、電腦繪圖軟件，結(jié)合所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)，通過計(jì)算、繪圖和運(yùn)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)資料，進(jìn)行墊片壓延機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的全面的基本技能訓(xùn)練。設(shè)計(jì)過程中邊計(jì)算、邊繪圖，反復(fù)修改，計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)繪圖交替進(jìn)行。 ⑷ 最后進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)說明書的編寫。設(shè)計(jì)說明書是圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)的理論依據(jù)，是設(shè)計(jì)過程的整理與總結(jié)，同時(shí)也是審核設(shè)計(jì)合理與否的重要技術(shù)文件。 5.1設(shè)計(jì)方案選型與分析 方案一： 采用軸瓦結(jié)構(gòu)的墊片壓延機(jī), 采用黃油潤(rùn)滑, 此方案缺點(diǎn)是軸瓦易磨損，造成軋輥轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生徑向跳動(dòng)，很難保證產(chǎn)品尺寸公差. 方案二： 采用精度高的雙列向心滾子軸承墊片壓延機(jī)，并采用稀油潤(rùn)滑，減小軸承磨損，確保磁板沿長(zhǎng)度方向厚度公差, 5.2方案的確定 對(duì)于壓延工序，產(chǎn)品外形尺寸、表面質(zhì)量是其最重要的控制參數(shù)。卷材外形尺寸一般要求沿長(zhǎng)度和幅寬方向厚度公差分別為±0.015mm和±0.05mm；表面要求平整、光滑。若達(dá)不到這些要求，難以保證后續(xù)覆膜時(shí)PVC膜與磁板粘合壓力均勻一致，影響粘合強(qiáng)度。所以為了保證公差尺寸能達(dá)到所需要求，本次設(shè)計(jì)采用方案二。 六、預(yù)期結(jié)果 在忙碌的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)使我實(shí)現(xiàn)了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性，讓我覺得畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)階段難得的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的機(jī)會(huì)，通過壓延成張機(jī)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，讓我有更深刻和詳細(xì)的純理論知識(shí)的掌握上課的認(rèn)識(shí)，也使我對(duì)專業(yè)知識(shí)的掌握和使用更多的技能，也提高了我的實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)問題的控制能力，本文在文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，數(shù)據(jù)訪問和使用的計(jì)算機(jī)圖形也讓我在其他方面的能力都有所提高，同時(shí)通過壓延成張機(jī)系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計(jì)方法元件的選擇方案，使我能夠涉及的整體控制能力有了提高。 七、設(shè)計(jì)主要步驟 1、查閱纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝與裝備的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和資料。查閱相關(guān)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)； 2、纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì)； 3、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 4、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)； 5、選配電機(jī)、關(guān)鍵部位強(qiáng)度校核（軸、軸承、傳動(dòng)齒輪、皮帶輪、支架等）、關(guān)鍵部位壽命校核（軸承等）； 6、完成設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)說明書。? 7．翻譯1萬印刷符（或譯出3千漢字）以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料。 8．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）說明書打印在“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文紙”上，論文的字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于1萬字，并附有300～500字的中文摘要及對(duì)應(yīng)的外文摘要。有關(guān)撰寫的格式及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB 7713—87《科學(xué)技術(shù)報(bào)告、學(xué)位論文和學(xué)術(shù)論文的編寫格式》執(zhí)行。 9．其它要求參照《南京工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作條例》執(zhí)行。 完成一張A0總成裝配圖； 完成1～4張A1部件裝配圖或2～8張A3部件裝配圖； 要求圖紙總量不少于相當(dāng)于6張A1圖紙的工作量。 八、進(jìn)度計(jì)劃 2014.12.3-12.31查閱文獻(xiàn)，做好開題前期工作 2015.1.1-1.31完善課題研究方案，完成外文翻 譯、文獻(xiàn)綜述和開題報(bào)告等工作 2015.2.1-6.7進(jìn)行課題的實(shí)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)研及結(jié) 果的處理與分析等，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書或論文 寫作，并修改完善。 2015.6.8-6.14修改論文，答辯 九、參考文獻(xiàn) [1]. 杜培德與蔡仁良, 纏繞式墊片設(shè)計(jì)系數(shù)的確定. 流體機(jī)械, 1998(03): 第34-37頁(yè). [2]. 陳琳, 國(guó)內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)述. 石油規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì), 1998(02): 第37-39+4頁(yè). [3]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)新技術(shù)與裝備. 石油機(jī)械, 1999(08): 第29-31頁(yè). [4]. P., D.S., A.C. W.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片在密封連接中的應(yīng)用. 化工與通用機(jī)械, 1979(04): 第44-50頁(yè). [5]. A., B.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片的壓縮性和變形規(guī)律性. 化工與通用機(jī)械, 1978(05): 第57-65頁(yè). [6]. 任建民, 蔡仁良與孟豐有, 非石棉纏繞式墊片技術(shù)的新進(jìn)展. 流體機(jī)械, 1999(05): 第28-31+59頁(yè). [7]. 劉翠珊, 王開治與任建民, 美標(biāo)與化標(biāo)關(guān)于纏繞式墊片規(guī)定的比較, 2009. 第 66-67頁(yè). [8]. 王仕江, 章佳紅與俞桂浩, 從纏繞式墊片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看制造工藝的優(yōu)化, in 第九屆中國(guó)摩擦密封材料技術(shù)交流暨墊片壓延機(jī)展示會(huì)2007: 中國(guó)上海. 第 3頁(yè). [9]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 非石棉纏繞式墊片制造工藝及質(zhì)量控制. 石油化工設(shè)備, 2001(S1): 第80-82頁(yè). [10]. 王瑋與白福巖, 國(guó)內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與應(yīng)用. 科技致富向?qū)? 2014(18): 第135-136頁(yè). 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開 題 報(bào) 告 指導(dǎo)教師意見： 1．對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語(yǔ)： 2．對(duì)本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 所在專業(yè)審查意見： 負(fù)責(zé)人： 年 月 日 Designation: F 104 03Standard Classification System forNonmetallic Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification system2provides a means for speci-fying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonme-tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork,cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi-nation with various binders or impregnants are included.Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are notincluded, since they are covered in Classification D 2000.Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof areintended to be given on engineering drawings or in separatespecifications. While the facing materials for laminate compos-ite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in ClassificationSystem F 104, materials normally classified as LCGM are notcovered since they are included in Classification F 868.1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasketperformance are not included, use of the classification systemas a basis for selecting materials is limited.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive Applications2E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses3F 36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery ofGasket Materials2F 37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials2F 38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Mate-rial2F 146 Test Methods for Fluid Resistance of Gasket Materi-als2F 147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic GasketMaterials2F 148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Compo-sition Gasket Materials2F 152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of NonmetallicGasket Materials2F 433 Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity ofGasket Materials2F 607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials toMetal Surfaces2F 868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Ma-terials2G 21 Practice for Determining Resistance of SyntheticPolymeric Materials to Fungi43. Significance and Use3.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformityin reporting properties; to provide a common language forcommunications between suppliers and consumers; to guideengineers and designers in the test methods commonly used forcommercially available materials; and to be versatile enough tocover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.3.2 It is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasketmaterials should be described, insofar as is possible, in terms ofspecific physical and mechanical characteristics, and that aninfinite number of such descriptions can be formulated by useof one or more standard statements based on standard tests.Therefore, users of gasket materials can, by selecting differentcombinations of statements, specify different combinations of1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 onGaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 104 02e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.properties desired in various parts. Suppliers, likewise, canreport properties available in their respective products.4. Basis of Classification4.1 To permit “l(fā)ine call-out” of the descriptions mentionedin 3.2, this classification system establishes letter or numbersymbols or both for various performance levels of eachproperty or characteristic (see Table 1)5.4.2 In specifying or describing gasket materials, each“ linecall-out” shall include the number of this system (minus datesymbol) followed by the letter “F” and six numerals, forexample: ASTM F 104 (F125400). Since each numeral of thecall-out represents a characteristic (as shown in Table 1), sixnumerals are always required. The numeral “0” is used whenthe description of any characteristic is not desired. The numeral“9” is used when the description of any characteristic (or testrelated thereto) is specified by some supplement to thisclassification system, such as notes on engineering drawings.4.3 To further specify or describe gasket materials, each“l(fā)ine call-out” may include one or more suffix letter-numeralsymbols, as listed in Table 2, for example: ASTM F104(F125400-B2M4). Various levels of definition may be estab-lished by increasing or decreasing the number of letter-numeralsymbols used in the “l(fā)ine call-out.”4.4 For convenience, gasket materials are referred to byType according to the principal fibrous or particulate reinforce-ment or other material from which the gasket is made and byClass according to the manufacturing method, or the commontrade designation. Type numbers correspond with the firstnumeral, and class numbers correspond with the secondnumeral of the basic six-digit line call-out, as shown in Table1.NOTE1While this “cell-type” format provides the means for closecharacterization and specification of each property and combinations ofproperties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possiblemisapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded ifthe user is not familiar with available commercial materials. Table X1.1 ofthis classification indicates properties, characteristics, and test methodsthat are normally considered applicable to each type of material.5. Physical and Mechanical Requirements5.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification shallhave the characteristics or properties indicated by the first sixnumerals of the line call-out, within the limits shown in Table1, and by additional letter-numeral symbols shown in Table 2.6. Thickness Requirements6.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification systemshall conform to the thickness tolerances specified in Table 3.7. Sampling7.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets orsheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. Ifsheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarelywith the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall benoted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the dimensionsof sample and any variations from method must be reported.7.2 For qualification purposes, thickness shall be 0.8 mm(0.03 in.), except for Type 2, where the qualification thicknessis to be 1.5 to 6.4 mm (0.06 to 0.25 in.), and Type 5 Class 1,where the qualification thickness is to be 0.4 mm (0.015 in.).When thicknesses other than those shown above are to betested, the specification limits shall be agreed to in writingbetween the purchaser and the supplier.7.3 Sufficient specimens shall be selected to provide aminimum of three determinations for each test specified. Theaverage of the determinations shall be considered as the result.8. Conditioning8.1 Prior to all applicable tests, specimens shall be condi-tioned as follows:8.1.1 When the first numeral of line call-out is “1” (Type 1materials), specimens shall be conditioned in an oven at 100 62C (212 6 3.6F) for 1 h and allowed to cool to 21 to 30C(70 to 85F) in a desiccator containing anhydrous calciumchloride; except when second numeral of line call-out is “3”(Class 3 materials), the specimens shall be conditioned in anoven for 4 h at 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F).8.1.2 When the first numeral of line callout is “2” (Type 2materials), specimens shall be conditioned at least 46 h in acontrolled-humidity room or in a closed chamber with gentlemechanical circulation of the air at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and50 to 55 % relative humidity.NOTE2If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 % relativehumidity is not available, a tray containing a saturated solution of reagentgrade magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)6H2O, shall be placed in the chamberto provide the required relative humidity.8.1.3 When the first numeral of line callout is “3” (Type 3materials), specimens shall be preconditioned for 4 h at 21 to30C (70 to 85F) in a closed chamber containing anhydrouscalcium chloride as a desiccant. The air in the chamber shall becirculated by gentle mechanical agitation. Specimens shall thenbe transferred immediately to a controlled-humidity room orclosed chamber with gentle mechanical circulation of the airand conditioned for at least 20 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and50 to 55 % relative humidity.8.1.4 When the first numeral of a line callout is “4,” noconditioning of specimens is necessary.8.1.5 When the first numeral of a line callout is “5,” “7,” or“8,” test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with8.1.1 (Type 1 materials).8.1.6 When the first numeral of a line callout is “0” or “9,”specimens shall be conditioned as in 8.1.3, unless otherwisespecified in supplements to this classification.8.2 In all cases where testing is conducted outside the areaof specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from thechamber one at a time just prior to testing.9. Test Methods9.1 Thickness:9.1.1 Measure the specimens with a device actuated by adead-weight load. The device shall be capable of reading in5IRM 903 is available from R.E. Carrol, Inc. P.O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ 08638.The user should be aware that results may differ from results using ASTM Oil No.3.ASTM Oil No. 3 is no longer commercially available due to potential health risksassociated with its use. IRM 903 has been approved by Committee D-11 as areplacement for ASTM Oil No. 3.F 104 032TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical CharacteristicsBasic Six-Digit NumberBasic CharacteristicFirst Numeral“Type”of material(the principal fibrous, particulate, or reinforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to thefirst numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows:0 = not specified5 = flexible graphite1 = asbestos7 = nonasbestos fiber, tested as Type 12 = cork8 = vermiculite3 = cellulose9 = as specifiedA4 = fluorocarbon polymerSecond NumeralClass of material(method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digitnumber, as follows:Whenfirstnumeral is “0” or “9,” second numeral:0 = not specified9 = as specifiedAWhenfirstnumeral is “1” or “7,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = compressed sheeter process2 = beater process3 = paper and millboard9 = as specifiedAWhenfirstnumeral is “2,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = cork composition (Class 1)2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2)3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3)9 = as specifiedAWhenfirstnumeral is “3,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = untreated fibertag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1)2 = protein treated (Class 2)3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3)4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4)9 = as specifiedAWhenfirstnumeral is “4,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = sheet PTFE2 = PTFE of expanded structure3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven4 = PTFE felts5 = filled PTFE9 = as specifiedWhenfirstnumeral is “5” or “8,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = homogeneous sheet2 = laminated sheet9 = as specifiedAThird NumeralCompressibility characteristics, determined in accordance with Test Method F 36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the thirdnumeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %)0 = not specified5 = 20 to 30 %1 = 0 to 10 %6 = 25 to 40 %2 = 5 to 15 %*7 = 30 to 50 %3 = 10 to 20 %8 = 40 to 60 %4 = 15 to 25 %9 = as specifiedA* 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter processFourth NumeralThickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil:5determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percentindicated by the fourth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 30 %)0 = not specified5 = 20 to 40 %1 = 0 to 15 %6 = 30 to 50 %2 = 5 to 20 %7 = 40 to 60 %3 = 10 to 25 %8 = 50 to 70 %4 = 15 to 30 %9 = as specifiedAFifth NumeralWeight increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil:5determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percentindicated by the fifth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 30 % max)0 = not specified5 = 40 %, max1 = 10 %, max6 = 60 %, max2 = 15 %, max7 = 80 %, max3 = 20 %, max8 = 100 %, max4 = 30 %, max9 = as specifiedASixth NumeralWeight increase when immersed in water:determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent indicatedby the sixth numeral of the basic six-digit number. See left and below. (Example: 4 = 30 %, max)0 = not specified5 = 40 %, max1 = 10 %, max6 = 60 %, max2 = 15 %, max7 = 80 %, max3 = 20 %, max8 = 100 %, max4 = 30 %, max9 = as specifiedAAOn engineering drawings or other supplement to this classification system.F 104 033TABLE 2 Supplementary Physical and Mechanical CharacteristicsSuffix SymbolSupplementary CharacteristicsA9Sealabilitycharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 37. External load, internal pressure, otherdetails of test, and results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.B1 through B9Creep relaxationcharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 38. Loss of stress at end of 24 h shallnot exceed the amount indicated by the numeral of the B-symbol.B1 = 10 %B5 = 30 %B2 = 15 %B6 = 40 %B3 = 20 %B7 = 50 %B4 = 25 %B8 = 60 %B9 = as specifiedAD00 through D99The former ASTM standard F 64, Test Method for Corrosive and Adhesive Effects of Gasket Materials on Metal Surfaces,was discontinued in 1980. The newly established test for adhesion has become Test Method F 607.E00 through E99Weight and thickness change after immersion in ASTM Fuel Bshall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 146.Weight increaseshall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by thefirstnumeral of the two-digit number of theE-symbol.Thickness increaseshall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by thesecondnumeral of theE-symbol.Weight Increase, %(first numeral)Thickness Increase, %(second numeral)E0_ = not specifiedE_0 = not specifiedE1_ = 10E_1 = 05E2_ = 15E_2 = 010E3_ = 20E_3 = 015E4_ = 30E_4 = 520E5_ = 40E_5 = 1025E6_ = 60E_6 = 1535E7_ = 80E_7 = 2545E8_ = 100E_8 = 3060E9_ = as specifiedAE_9 = as specifiedAHAdhesioncharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 607. Results shall be as specified onengineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.K1 through K9THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYcharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Practice F 433 using a temperature of100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F). Thek-factor obtained in W/(mK) Btuin./hft2F shall fall within the ranges indicated by thenumeral of a K symbol.K1 = 0 to 0.09 (0 to0.65)K5 = 0.29 to 0.38 (2.00to 2.65)K2 = 0.07 to 0.17(0.50 to 1.15)K6 = 0.36 to 0.45 (2.50to 3.15)K3 = 0.14 to 0.24(1.00 to 1.65)K7 = 0.43 to 0.53 (3.00to 3.65)K4 = 0.22 to 0.31(1.50 to 2.15)K8 = 0.50 to 0.60 (3.50to 4.15)K9 = as specifiedAL000 through L999Type 7, Class 1 or Class 2 materials.First fiberconstituent indicated by thefirstnumeral of the three-digit number of theL-symbol.Second fiberconstituent indicated by thesecondnumeral of the three-digit number of the L-symbol.Binderconstituent indicated by thethirdnumeral of the three-digit number of the L-symbol.First Fiber(first numeral)Second Fiber(second numeral)Binder(third numeral)L0 = not specifiedL0 = not specifiedL0 = not specifiedL1 = AramidL1 = AramidL1 = NBRL2 = GlassL2 = GlassL2 = SBRL3 = CarbonL3 = CarbonL3 = CRL4 = GraphiteL4 = GraphiteL4 = EPDML5 = Mineral/InorganicL5 = Mineral/InorganicL5 = IRL6 = CelluloseL6 = CelluloseL6 = CSML9 = as specifiedAL7 = noneL9 = as specifiedAL9 = as specifiedAM1 through M9Tensile strengthcharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 152 and 9.2. Results in MPa (psi)shall be no less than the value indicated by the numeral of the M-symbol.M1 = 0.689 (100)M5 = 10.342 (1500)M2 = 1.724 (250)M6 = 13.790 (2000)M3 = 3.447 (500)M7 = 20.684 (3000)M4 = 6.895 (1000)M8 = 27.579 (4000)M9 = as specifiedARBinder Durabilitycharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 148. There shall be no evidence ofdisintegration at conclusion of test.S9Volume changecharacteristics, when immersed in ASTM No. 1 Oil, IRM 903 Oil,5and ASTM Reference Fuel A, shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method F 146. Results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplementto this classification.TFlexibilitycharacteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 147. There shall be no evidence of cracks,breaks, or separation at conclusion of test.WMildew Resistanceshall be determined for visual effects only as described in Sections 9.3 and 9.3.1 of Practice G 21. Theonly fungus shall be Chaetomium globosum, see Section 6.4.1 of Practice G 21. The test unit from which specimens weretaken shall be considered defective if one or more of the specimens tested has a rating higher than 0. Specimens takenfrom gaskets and strips shall be 2 in. long and the approximate width of the material undergoing testing.ZOther characteristicsshall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.AOn engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification.F 104 0340.02-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units, and readings shall beestimated to the nearest 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.). The presserfoot shall be 6.40 6 0.13 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.) in diameter.The anvil shall have a diameter not less than that of the presserfoot. The pressure on the sample shall be as specified in Table4.9.1.2 Take the reading by lowering the presser foot gentlyuntil it is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficientnumber of readings, depending on the size of the specimen, toprovide a reliable average value.9.2 Other Types of Materials (as indicated by 0 or 9 firstnumeral of basic six-digit number)Use the same apparatusand general procedure outlined for Type 3 materials, unlessotherwise specified in the engineering drawing or other supple-ment to this classification.10. Keywords10.1 classification; description; gasket; line call-out; non-metallic gasket; physical and mechanical properties; specifica-tion; testingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICABLE TEST METHODSX1.1Table X1.1 indicates properties, characteristics, andtest methods that are normally considered applicable to eachtype of material. It is not intended to limit the use ofnumeral-symbols as provided in Classification System F 104where experience indicates that the related properties, charac-teristics, or test methods, or all, are applicable.X1.2Table X1.2 is being provided to offer an explanationof the system of identification of gasket materials previouslyused in Specifications D 1170 which has been superseded byClassification System F 104.X1.3 Tables X1.3-X1.5 are also retained in thisAppendix toprovideareferenceforconvertingformerlyusedP-identification numbers into the present Classification SystemF 104. These conversions are shown in Tables X1.6-X1.8.TABLE 3 Thickness TolerancesType and Class of Material(First Two Numerals of BasicSix-Digit Number)Thickness Specified, mm (in.)Applicable Tolerance,Amm (in.)11, 12, 71 and 720.41 (0.016) and under+0.13 (+0.005)0.05 (0.002)over 0.41 (0.016