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1、1(1)231. Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. (SB U17) 又一次富有挑戰(zhàn)和危險(xiǎn)的旅程就要開(kāi)始了。 be about to do sth.表示“正要(即將)做某事”(不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)。經(jīng)常與when 搭配,這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以換成be on the point of doing sth. when I was about to start out when it began to rain. 我正要出發(fā),就在這時(shí)天開(kāi)始下雨了。 We were about to start out when t
2、he headmaster stopped us. 我們正要出發(fā),就在這時(shí)校長(zhǎng)攔住了我們。 will/shall, be going to, be to 也可表將來(lái);be going to表示即將發(fā)生或準(zhǔn)備好做某事;be to表示約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、可能性等,有命令、指令和要求之意。 I _(正準(zhǔn)備看) your composition. When he _ (正要開(kāi))the door, he found his keys were nowhere.(2009湖南卷改編) 【答案】was about to readwas to open62. On the third day I was str
3、uggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. (SB U17) 第三天我在風(fēng)暴中掙扎,第二周風(fēng)刮得更猛了,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己終日在帳篷里。7find oneself 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某種狀態(tài));不知不覺(jué)地find oneself doing/done/at/in 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在做某事/被/在地點(diǎn) Then I _(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被圍著) half a dozen boys. In the dream
4、 Peter found himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased 【答案】found myself surrounded byA find oneself done。93. The East China Sea lies to the west of Zhejiang Province. (SB U18)中國(guó)的東海位于浙江省西部。lie/be in (to/on)( the) east/we
5、st/north/south of 位于的東部/西部/北部/南部10(1)通常用動(dòng)詞be和lie,be后接介詞短語(yǔ),lie后既可接介詞短語(yǔ),又可接副詞短語(yǔ)。(2)有三個(gè)介詞可分別表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一個(gè)地點(diǎn)的外部,或者某一山脈或界線以東、以西、以南、以北必須用to;in表示范圍內(nèi);on表示接壤,還可表示“在河畔/湖畔”。11(3)有時(shí)可以把副詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首加動(dòng)詞lie或stand,表示方位,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。(4)lie on the coast 瀕臨海岸lie off the coast 在海水中(強(qiáng)調(diào)被水圍著) Wuhan _(位于之畔)the Changjia
6、ng River. Japan _(位于) the east of China. At the foot of the mountain _.A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village13【答案】lies onlies toB完全倒裝句。 141.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表允許、推測(cè)、判斷等用法;2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不定式的完成式的用法;3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的用法;4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞15情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞的一種,它們?cè)诰渲胁荒軉为?dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),要和行為動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部
7、分。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一共有十三個(gè):may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to。16情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):1.沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化2.其后接動(dòng)詞原形3.否定式:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形17一種是推測(cè)性意義,另外一種是非推測(cè)性意義。下面分別從這兩方面闡述:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的兩種意義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的兩種意義181. 1.推測(cè)性意義:推測(cè)性意義:表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)所陳述的事情的可靠性進(jìn)行推測(cè)或估計(jì)。下面是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的可能性從大到小的排序:They must have cleaned t
8、he classroom. Its very tidy.他們一定打掃了教室,現(xiàn)在很整潔。19He cant have gone abroad. I saw him just now.他不可能出國(guó)了。我剛才還見(jiàn)過(guò)他。They will have arrived there, I think.我想他們已經(jīng)到了那兒。Have you heard from Jim? He should have gone to school.你收到吉姆的來(lái)信了嗎?他應(yīng)該去學(xué)校了。20She might have known the news, but Im not sure.她可能已經(jīng)知道這個(gè)消息,但我不肯定。Cou
9、ld he have been arrested by the police?他有可能被警察抓了嗎?He may not be at home.他可能不在家。212. 2. 非推測(cè)性意義:非推測(cè)性意義:不對(duì)所敘述的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè),而是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的“命令、要求、能力、允許”等。下面對(duì)幾組詞的非推測(cè)性意義進(jìn)行比較辨析: 22(1)can,be able to表示“能力”。can多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí), could用于過(guò)去時(shí),表示過(guò)去泛指的一般能力。be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài),其過(guò)去時(shí)was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in doing,表示“過(guò)去某特定環(huán)
10、境中經(jīng)過(guò)努力設(shè)法成功做成某事”,此時(shí)不能用could。如:The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火很快在旅館里蔓延開(kāi)來(lái),但是每個(gè)人都設(shè)法逃出來(lái)了。23can/could可表示“允許”,用于疑問(wèn)句表示委婉地提出“請(qǐng)求”,be able to 沒(méi)有這種用法。Can you help me with my physics?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)物理嗎?Could I borrow your pen?我可以借一下你的鋼筆嗎?24can(用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中)表示猜測(cè)、懷疑或驚詫。
11、How can/could you be here? 你怎么會(huì)在這兒?25(2)may, might 表示“許可、請(qǐng)求”,相當(dāng)于can。might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些,否定回答時(shí)都要用cant 或mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”之意。 May/Might I use your pen?No, you cant/mustnt.我可以用你的鋼筆嗎? 不行,你不能用。26may用于祈使句中表示祝愿, might無(wú)此用法。May you succeed! 祝你成功!may/might (just) as well+動(dòng)詞原形=had better+動(dòng)詞原形You may/might as wel
12、l have a good rest.你最好好好休息一下。27(3)will, wouldwill在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱,表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)”,用would語(yǔ)氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。Will/Would you please tell her the news when you see her?你見(jiàn)到她時(shí)告訴她這個(gè)消息好嗎?28表示“意志、意愿和堅(jiān)定的決心”。He wont leave you. 他決不會(huì)離開(kāi)你的。 would 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,意為“過(guò)去常?!?。 He would have a walk after supper.以前他常常吃完晚飯后就去散步。29(4)shal
13、l, should用于第一人稱,表示征求對(duì)方的“意愿”。Lets go home, shall we?我們回家,好嗎?30shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的“意見(jiàn)”或向?qū)Ψ健罢?qǐng)示”。Shall we begin our lesson? 我們開(kāi)始上課好嗎?Where shall he wait for you? 他到哪兒等你好呢?31shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方“命令、警告、允諾、決心或威脅”。You shall obey the rules.(命令)你們要遵守規(guī)則。You shall have a computer if you study hard.
14、 (允諾)如果你學(xué)習(xí)努力,你將有一臺(tái)電腦。32shall 在條約、規(guī)章和法令文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,一般用于第三人稱,指“應(yīng),必須”。Each party shall respect the conditions of this contract. (條約) 雙方都必須遵守合約中的條件。33should表示“義務(wù)、勸告、建議、命令”,其同義詞是ought to。 You should/ought to respect your parents.你應(yīng)該尊重你的父母。You should/ought to go to class right away.你應(yīng)該立刻去上課。34should/ought
15、tohave done表示“本應(yīng)該做而未做”。shouldnt have done/ought not have done 表示“本不該做而做了”,都含有責(zé)備之意。You should have come here a little earlier.你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)兒來(lái)的。You ought not have watered the flowers too often.你不應(yīng)該給花這樣頻繁地澆水。35should在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句中,相當(dāng)于“萬(wàn)一”的意思。Should you/If you should change your mind, do let me know.萬(wàn)一你改變主意的話,一定要讓
16、我知道。36用于表示必要、適當(dāng)、驚奇和遺憾的從句中,指“應(yīng)該,竟然會(huì)”。Its necessary that I (should) go at once.我應(yīng)該馬上去。Why should he think that? 為什么他竟會(huì)那樣想?37(5)must, have(got)tomust表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀意志,而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。The play is not interesting. I really must go now.這場(chǎng)戲劇很無(wú)趣,現(xiàn)在我真的要走了。My computer broke down. I had to buy a new one.我的電腦壞了,我不
17、得不買臺(tái)新的。38must一般只表示現(xiàn)在,have則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。二者的否定意義不同。Mustnt 指“禁止,千萬(wàn)不,一定不”;doesnt/dont/didnt have to 指“不必”。You mustnt go. 你千萬(wàn)不要去。You dont have to go.=You neednt go. 你不必去。39must有時(shí)可用來(lái)表示“偏偏”的意思,而have to 無(wú)此義。Why must it rain today? 為什么偏偏在今天下雨?40(6)would, used to would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比。He would walk by the
18、river in the morning. 以前每天早上他經(jīng)常去河邊散步。41注意:注意:would后只能接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,不能接表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。 如不能說(shuō):He would be late for school last year.(錯(cuò))There would be a temple here. (錯(cuò))used to表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在了,有明顯的今昔對(duì)比。He used to get up very early. 他過(guò)去起得早。(意思是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在起得不早了)42(7)dare, need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接動(dòng)詞原形,無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。 Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.我今天需要完成工作嗎?是的,必須完成。How dare you say so? 你怎敢這樣說(shuō)?43作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問(wèn)句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。She doesnt dare (to) go out alone at night.她不敢晚上一個(gè)人出去。He needs to think it over again. 他需要再三思考。