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1、10.3二項(xiàng)式定理第十章計(jì)數(shù)原理基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自主學(xué)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)題型分類深度剖析內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自主學(xué)習(xí)1.二項(xiàng)式定理二項(xiàng)式定理知識(shí)梳理二項(xiàng)式定理(ab)n (nN*)二項(xiàng)展開式的通項(xiàng)公式Tk1_,它表示第 項(xiàng)二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)二項(xiàng)展開式中各項(xiàng)的系數(shù) (k0,1,2,n)k12.二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的性質(zhì)二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的性質(zhì)(1) , . .(2) .(3)當(dāng)n是偶數(shù)時(shí),_項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大;當(dāng)n是奇數(shù)時(shí),_與_項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)相等且最大.(4)(ab)n展開式的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)和: .1112nT12nT112nT2n二項(xiàng)展開式形式上的特點(diǎn)(1)項(xiàng)數(shù)為 .(2)各項(xiàng)的次數(shù)都等于二項(xiàng)式的冪指數(shù)n,即a與b的指數(shù)的和為n.(3)字母
2、a按 排列,從第一項(xiàng)開始,次數(shù)由n逐項(xiàng)減1直到零;字母b按 排列,從第一項(xiàng)起,次數(shù)由零逐項(xiàng)增1直到n.(4)二項(xiàng)式的系數(shù)從 , ,一直到 , .【知識(shí)拓展】n1降冪升冪題組一思考辨析題組一思考辨析1.判斷下列結(jié)論是否正確(請(qǐng)?jiān)诶ㄌ?hào)中打“”或“”)(1) 是二項(xiàng)展開式的第k項(xiàng).()(2)二項(xiàng)展開式中,系數(shù)最大的項(xiàng)為中間一項(xiàng)或中間兩項(xiàng).()(3)(ab)n的展開式中某一項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)與a,b無關(guān).()(4)(ab)n的展開式第k1項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為 .()(5)(x1)n的展開式二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)和為2n.()基礎(chǔ)自測1234567題組二教材改編題組二教材改編2.P31例2(1)(12x)5的展開式中,x2的系數(shù)
3、等于A.80 B.40C.20 D.10答案解析12345673.P31例2(2)若 展開式的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)之和為64,則展開式的常數(shù)項(xiàng)為A.10 B.20C.30 D.120解析答案12345674.P41B組T5若(x1)4a0a1xa2x2a3x3a4x4,則a0a2a4的值為A.9 B.8C.7 D.6答案解析解析解析令x1,則a0a1a2a3a40,令x1,則a0a1a2a3a416,兩式相加得a0a2a48.1234567題組三易錯(cuò)自糾題組三易錯(cuò)自糾5.(xy)n的二項(xiàng)展開式中,第m項(xiàng)的系數(shù)是解析答案1234567解析解析(xy)n二項(xiàng)展開式第m項(xiàng)的通項(xiàng)公式為6.已知(x1)10a1a
4、2xa3x2a11x10.若數(shù)列a1,a2,a3,ak(1k11,kN*)是一個(gè)單調(diào)遞增數(shù)列,則k的最大值是A.5 B.6C.7 D.8解析答案1234567又(x1)10展開式中二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)最大項(xiàng)是第6項(xiàng),解析答案6123456742kx22ky題型分類深度剖析命題點(diǎn)命題點(diǎn)1求二項(xiàng)展開式中的特定項(xiàng)或指定項(xiàng)的系數(shù)求二項(xiàng)展開式中的特定項(xiàng)或指定項(xiàng)的系數(shù)典例典例 (1)(2017全國) 的展開式中x2項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為A.15 B.20 C.30 D.35解析答案題型一二項(xiàng)展開式多維探究多維探究(2)(x2xy)5的展開式中,x5y2項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為A.10 B.20C.30 D.60解析答案解析解析方法一方法一利
5、用二項(xiàng)展開式的通項(xiàng)公式求解.(x2xy)5(x2x)y5,方法二方法二利用組合知識(shí)求解.解析答案解析答案25102kx求二項(xiàng)展開式中的特定項(xiàng),一般是化簡通項(xiàng)公式后,令字母的指數(shù)符合要求(求常數(shù)項(xiàng)時(shí),指數(shù)為零;求有理項(xiàng)時(shí),指數(shù)為整數(shù)等),解出項(xiàng)數(shù)k1,代回通項(xiàng)公式即可.思維升華思維升華跟蹤訓(xùn)練跟蹤訓(xùn)練 (1)(2017全國)(xy)(2xy)5的展開式中x3y3的系數(shù)為A.80 B.40 C.40 D.80答案解析所以x3y3的系數(shù)為804040.故選C.答案解析(2)(xa)10的展開式中,x7項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為15,則a_.(用數(shù)字填寫答案)典例典例 (1)(ax)(1x)4的展開式中x的奇數(shù)次冪項(xiàng)
6、的系數(shù)之和為32,則a_.題型二二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的和與各項(xiàng)的系數(shù)和問題師生共研師生共研3答案解析解析解析設(shè)(ax)(1x)4a0a1xa2x2a3x3a4x4a5x5,令x1,得16(a1)a0a1a2a3a4a5, 令x1,得0a0a1a2a3a4a5. ,得16(a1)2(a1a3a5),即展開式中x的奇數(shù)次冪的系數(shù)之和為a1a3a58(a1),所以8(a1)32,解得a3.(2)(2018汕頭質(zhì)檢)若(x2m)9a0a1(x1)a2(x1)2a9(x1)9,且(a0a2a8)2(a1a3a9)239,則實(shí)數(shù)m的值為_.1或3答案解析解析解析令x0,則(2m)9a0a1a2a9,令x2,則m9a
7、0a1a2a3a9,又(a0a2a8)2(a1a3a9)2(a0a1a2a9)(a0a1a2a3a8a9)39,(2m)9m939,m(2m)3,m3或m1.答案解析255當(dāng)k5時(shí),2n3k1,n8.對(duì)(13x)8a0a1xa2x2a8x8,令x1,得a0a1a828256.又當(dāng)x0時(shí),a01,a1a2a8255.(1)“賦值法”普遍適用于恒等式,對(duì)形如(axb)n,(ax2bxc)m (a,b,cR)的式子求其展開式的各項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和,常用賦值法.(2)若f(x)a0a1xa2x2anxn,則f(x)展開式中各項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和為f(1),奇數(shù)項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和為a0a2a4 ,偶數(shù)項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和為a1a3a5 .
8、思維升華思維升華答案解析答案解析(2)(2017綿陽模擬)(13x)5a0a1xa2x2a3x3a4x4a5x5,則|a0|a1|a2|a3|a4|a5|等于A.1 024 B.243C.32 D.24解析解析令x1,得a0a1a2a3a4a5|a0|a1|a2|a3|a4|a5|1(3)5451 024.典例典例 (1)設(shè)aZ且0a13,若512 012a能被13整除,則a等于A.0 B.1 C.11 D.12題型三二項(xiàng)式定理的應(yīng)用師生共研師生共研答案解析答案解析(1x)2 0171i2 0171i1.(1)逆用二項(xiàng)式定理的關(guān)鍵根據(jù)所給式子的特點(diǎn)結(jié)合二項(xiàng)展開式的要求,使之具備二項(xiàng)式定理右邊的
9、結(jié)構(gòu),然后逆用二項(xiàng)式定理求解.(2)利用二項(xiàng)式定理解決整除問題的思路觀察除式與被除式間的關(guān)系;將被除式拆成二項(xiàng)式;結(jié)合二項(xiàng)式定理得出結(jié)論.思維升華思維升華答案解析前10項(xiàng)均能被88整除,余數(shù)是1.答案解析1解析解析當(dāng)x0時(shí),左邊1,右邊a0,a01.二項(xiàng)展開式的系數(shù)與二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)現(xiàn)場糾錯(cuò)現(xiàn)場糾錯(cuò)糾錯(cuò)心得現(xiàn)場糾錯(cuò)錯(cuò)解展示(2)已知(xm)7a0a1xa2x2a7x7的展開式中x4項(xiàng)的系數(shù)是35,則a1a2a7_.錯(cuò)解展示:錯(cuò)解展示:令x1可得4n1 024,n5,5 32kx錯(cuò)誤答案錯(cuò)誤答案(1)5(2)271現(xiàn)場糾錯(cuò)現(xiàn)場糾錯(cuò)5 32kx故展開式中含x項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為15.(2)(xm)7a0a1xa2
10、x2a7x7,令x0,a0(m)7.又展開式中x4項(xiàng)的系數(shù)是35,m1,a0(m)71.在(xm)7a0a1xa2x2a7x7中,令x1,得01a1a2a7,即a1a2a3a71.答案答案(1)15(2)1糾錯(cuò)心得糾錯(cuò)心得和二項(xiàng)展開式有關(guān)的問題,要分清所求的是展開式中項(xiàng)的系數(shù)還是二項(xiàng)式系數(shù),是系數(shù)和還是二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的和.課時(shí)作業(yè)1.已知(1x)n的展開式中第4項(xiàng)與第8項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)相等,則奇數(shù)項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)和為A.29 B.210 C.211 D.212基礎(chǔ)保分練12345678910111213141516答案解析則奇數(shù)項(xiàng)的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)和為2n129.故選A.2.在x2(1x)6的展開式中,含x
11、4項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為A.30 B.20 C.15 D.10解析答案12345678910111213141516所以系數(shù)為15.3.(2017廣州測試)使 展開式中含有常數(shù)項(xiàng)的n的最小值是A.3 B.4C.5 D.6解析答案12345678910111213141516所以n的最小值是5.解析答案4.(2017邵陽模擬)(13x)n的展開式中x5與x6的系數(shù)相等,則x4的二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)為A.21 B.35C.45 D.28123456789101112131415165.(4x2x)6(xR)展開式中的常數(shù)項(xiàng)是A.20 B.15C.15 D.20解析答案12345678910111213141516解析答
12、案123456789101112131415166.若在(x1)4(ax1)的展開式中,x4項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為15,則a的值為解析解析(x1)4(ax1)(x44x36x24x1)(ax1),x4項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為4a115,a4.7.(2018漯河質(zhì)檢)若(1x)(1x)2(1x)na0a1(1x)a2(1x)2an(1x)n,則a0a1a2a3(1)nan等于解析答案1234567891011121314151612345678910111213141516解析解析在展開式中,令x2,得332333na0a1a2a3(1)nan,8. 展開式中不含x的項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為_.(用數(shù)字作答)解析答案123456789
13、1011121314151620故不含x的項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為20.9.若將函數(shù)f(x)x5表示為f(x)a0a1(1x)a2(1x)2a5(1x)5,其中a0,a1,a2,a5為實(shí)數(shù),則a3_.(用數(shù)字作答)解析答案1234567891011121314151610解析解析f(x)x5(1x1)5,10.(2017廣州五校聯(lián)考)若 的展開式中x3項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為20,則log2alog2b_.解析答案123456789101112131415160令123k3,則k3,log2alog2blog2(ab)log210.11.(2017撫順一中月考)在 的展開式中,常數(shù)項(xiàng)的系數(shù)是60,則 sin xdx的值為
14、_.123456789101112131415161cos 2解析答案0a解析解析由二項(xiàng)展開式的通項(xiàng)公式可知,所以a2,所以 sin xdx 1cos 2.0a332k12.(2018河南南陽模擬)若(1xx2)6a0a1xa2x2a12x12,則a2a4a12_.(用數(shù)字作答)12345678910111213141516解析答案36412345678910111213141516解析解析令x1,得a0a1a2a1236,令x1,得a0a1a2a121,令x0,得a01,13.若 的展開式中各項(xiàng)系數(shù)的和為2,則該展開式的常數(shù)項(xiàng)為A.40 B.20C.20 D.40技能提升練123456789
15、10111213141516解析答案12345678910111213141516解析解析令x1,得(1a)(21)52,a1.令52k1,得k2.令52k1,得k3.答案解析12345678910111213141516114. 的展開式中,不含x的各項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和為_.令y1,得各項(xiàng)系數(shù)之和為(34)91.15.(2018珠海模擬)在(1x)6(1y)4的展開式中,記xmyn項(xiàng)的系數(shù)為f(m,n),則f(3,0)f(2,1)f(1,2)f(0,3)等于A.45 B.60 C.120 D.210拓展沖刺練答案解析1234567891011121314151616.若 展開式中前三項(xiàng)的系數(shù)成等差數(shù)列,求:(1)展開式中所有x的有理項(xiàng);解答1234567891011121314151612345678910111213141516設(shè)展開式中的有理項(xiàng)為Tk1,16 34kx12345678910111213141516k為4的倍數(shù),又0k8,k0,4,8.16 3 04x 16 3 44x 16 3 84x (2)展開式中系數(shù)最大的項(xiàng).解答12345678910111213141516解解設(shè)展開式中Tk1項(xiàng)的系數(shù)最大,則故展開式中系數(shù)最大的項(xiàng)為16 3 25427,xx 16 3 37447.xx