高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法11 虛擬語氣課件 牛津譯林版

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1、十一、虛擬語氣十一、虛擬語氣虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語形式語形式主句謂語形式主句謂語形式例句例句與過與過去事去事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反had過去分過去分詞詞should / would / could / might have doneIf I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the rain.If we had had time, we would have dropped by. She would have come if she hadnt been so busy. 虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語形式語形式主句謂語形式主句謂語形

2、式例句例句與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在事在事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反 一般過一般過去時(shí)去時(shí)(be用用were) should / would / could / might 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you, I would refuse the money. If we left now, we would arrive in good time. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語形式語形式主句謂語形式主句謂語形式例句例句與將與將來事來事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反 一般過一般過去時(shí)；去時(shí)； shouldv.； w

3、ere tov. should / would / could / might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If he would go away, I would be grieved. If he were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句錯(cuò)綜錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間時(shí)間條件條件句句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主語表示的行為行為和主語表示的行為發(fā)生的

4、時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句倒裝倒裝句句 條件句中可省略條件句中可省略if，把把were, had, should提到句提到句首首，變成倒裝句式。變成倒裝句式。 Had w

5、e made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. Should Mr.White call, what would you say？Were you to be fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.注意：如果省略條件句的注意：如果省略條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad n

6、ow.() Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.() 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句含蓄含蓄條件條件句句 1)用介詞短語代用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有：常用的介詞有：with, without, but for。 2)某些副詞、連某些副詞、連詞隱含虛擬條件。詞隱含虛擬條件。 What would you do with a million dollars？( if you had a million dollars)Without yo

7、ur help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞副詞)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞連詞)I might have given yo

8、u more help, but I was too busy.(連詞連詞)(三三)虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用 類別類別解說解說例句例句在主語在主語從句中從句中在在“Its 形容詞形容詞(過去分詞過去分詞)that.”這類句型里這類句型里，主主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式不語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式不論人稱和數(shù)論人稱和數(shù)，都常用都常用should動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)，常用于本句型的形容詞常用于本句型的形容詞有：有：necessary, important, strange, natural, essential等等，另外另外，表示表示“提議、要求、提

9、議、要求、命令命令”等動(dòng)詞的過去分詞等動(dòng)詞的過去分詞suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested, proposed, advised, decided等等，也可以這樣用。也可以這樣用。幾個(gè)常用句型：幾個(gè)常用句型： Its 形容詞形容詞that. It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /.that.It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.重要的是每個(gè)成員應(yīng)該知道這重要的是每個(gè)成

10、員應(yīng)該知道這些規(guī)則。些規(guī)則。It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off.會(huì)議已經(jīng)決定推遲召開。會(huì)議已經(jīng)決定推遲召開。It is important that we (should) do well in our lessons first.我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he (should) not come.很奇怪很奇怪，他竟沒有來。他竟沒有來。(三三)虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用 類別類別解說解說例句例句在賓語從在賓語從句中句中 (1) 用于

11、用于wish后的賓語從句中后的賓語從句中，表示說話人表示說話人認(rèn)為不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。認(rèn)為不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或過在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)。 表示表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過去分詞過去分詞”。 表示對(duì)將來的表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望：從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式為主觀愿望：從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式為“should/ might / would / could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”。(2) 在在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist,

12、command, request, desire等動(dòng)詞等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用謂語動(dòng)詞用“should 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命表示建議、要求、命令等。令等。should可以省略?？梢允÷?。I wish I remembered her telephone number.我希望記得她的電話號(hào)碼。我希望記得她的電話號(hào)碼。(實(shí)實(shí)際上不記得際上不記得)I wish I had gone to see him in the hospital.我后悔應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看望他的。我后悔應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看望他的。(實(shí)際上沒有去看實(shí)際上沒有去看)I wish it would stop

13、raining.但愿雨能停止。但愿雨能停止。I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我希望有一天能夠飛往月球。我希望有一天能夠飛往月球。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。類別類別解說解說例句例句在賓在賓語從語從句中句中 (3)would rather 后面的賓語后面的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。在從句常用虛擬語氣。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中這種

14、結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常使用過去謂語動(dòng)詞通常使用過去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來的時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬虛擬，用過去完成時(shí)表用過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。常見示對(duì)過去的虛擬。常見動(dòng)詞的巧記口訣：動(dòng)詞的巧記口訣：“一一個(gè)堅(jiān)持個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令，三三個(gè)建議個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求”。即：即：insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, require, request, desire注意：當(dāng)注意：當(dāng)insist的意思為的意思為“堅(jiān)堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”；suggest的意思為的意思為“表明，表明，暗含，暗示暗含，暗示”等

15、時(shí)，賓等時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。氣。The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.國(guó)王下令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國(guó)王下令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。They requested that we (should) send them to work there.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌Ｋ麄円笪覀兣伤麄內(nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。The teacher advised that we (should) make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的

16、每一分老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。鐘。Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手表。湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。I would rather you didnt make any comment on the issue.我寧愿目前你不對(duì)此事發(fā)表任何我寧愿目前你不對(duì)此事發(fā)表任何評(píng)論。評(píng)論。I would rather I had seen the

17、 film.我寧愿我已看過了那場(chǎng)電影。我寧愿我已看過了那場(chǎng)電影。類別類別解說解說例句例句在方式在方式狀語從狀語從句中句中 as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的內(nèi)容往往不是事實(shí)內(nèi)容往往不是事實(shí)，常用虛擬語氣常用虛擬語氣，其形其形式與式與wish后賓語從句后賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞相同。中的謂語動(dòng)詞相同。It seems as if it were (was) spring already. 現(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了?，F(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他裝作若無其事的樣子。他裝作若無其事的樣子。He spo

18、ke to me as if I were (was) a deaf.他對(duì)我講話時(shí)就像我是聾子似的。他對(duì)我講話時(shí)就像我是聾子似的。類別類別解說解說例句例句在表在表語從語從句和句和同位同位語從語從句中句中 在表示在表示“意愿、意愿、要求、命令、建議要求、命令、建議”等名詞后的表語從句等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中或同位語從句中，謂謂語動(dòng)詞用語動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”形式形式，這類名詞有：這類名詞有：idea, proposal, suggestion, order, plan, decision, advice, desire, requirement等。等。My sugge

19、stion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down and rebuilt.我的建議是那些舊房子應(yīng)該拆掉我的建議是那些舊房子應(yīng)該拆掉重建。重建。Our plan is that we (should) have a sports meeting next week.我們的計(jì)劃是下周召開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。我們的計(jì)劃是下周召開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。類別類別解說解說例句例句在定在定語從語從句中句中 句型句型It is (high) time (that). 所接的所接的從句用虛擬語氣從句用虛擬語氣，其其謂語動(dòng)詞的形式為過謂語動(dòng)詞的形式為過去式或去式或should動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞

20、原形。意思是原形。意思是“是某是某人該做人該做的時(shí)候的時(shí)候了了”。It is time that we went to bed.是睡覺的時(shí)候了。是睡覺的時(shí)候了。It is high time that we should put an end to this argument.我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論了。我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論了。類別類別解說解說例句例句表示表示驚嘆驚嘆 (1)if only 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的感嘆句使用虛擬語的感嘆句使用虛擬語氣氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬事實(shí)的虛擬，用過去用過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去事完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。意為實(shí)的虛擬。意為“

21、但但愿愿，要是要是多好！多好！”If only I could see him now.要是我現(xiàn)在就能見到他就好了。要是我現(xiàn)在就能見到他就好了。If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。要是我知道答案就好了。If only I hadnt lost it.要是我沒把它弄丟了該多好啊。要是我沒把它弄丟了該多好啊。類別類別解說解說例句例句表示表示祝愿祝愿 (2) 用用“may 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表表“祝愿祝愿”“”“但但愿愿”，此時(shí)，此時(shí)may須須置于句首置于句首(多用于多用于正式文體中正式文體中)。 May you be happy! 祝祝你快樂！你快樂！ May good luck be yours! 祝你順利！祝你順利！