高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法突破 第13講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 北師大版

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1、類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于簡(jiǎn)用于簡(jiǎn)單句中單句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，suppose等動(dòng)詞的等動(dòng)詞的“過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)”或或它們的它們的“過(guò)去時(shí)不定式的過(guò)去時(shí)不定式的完成時(shí)完成時(shí)”表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或用途的希望、打算或用途W(wǎng)e hoped to have stayed there a week. We had hoped to stay there a week.“if only陳述句陳述句”表示現(xiàn)在的表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的愿愿望用過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的愿望用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)

2、的望用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的愿望用愿望用would/could doIf only I were a bird！If only we had listened to their advice.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語(yǔ)用于狀語(yǔ)從句中從句中與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be的的形式一律用形式一律用were)；主句主；主句主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)had過(guò)去分詞，過(guò)去分詞，

3、主句主語(yǔ)主句主語(yǔ)should/would/could/might have過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語(yǔ)用于狀語(yǔ)從句中從句中與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形/were to動(dòng)詞原形，主句主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形，主句主語(yǔ)would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If he were here this evening，we would play car

4、ds. If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. If she should know it，she would tell me.as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句及從句及even if/though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去表過(guò)去could/might/would動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形表將來(lái)表將來(lái)He talks as if he knew all about it. Even if he were here，he co

5、uldnt solve the problem.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于定用于定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句中中用于賓用于賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句中中在在It is(high)time(that).句型句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或去式或should動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。(其其中中should不可省略不可省略)此句型意為此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)該該”，用來(lái)表示建，用來(lái)表示建議議It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.wish賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有三種表達(dá)方法：三種表達(dá)方法：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)

6、在表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去表過(guò)去could/would/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形表將來(lái)表將來(lái)I wish she were here. I wish you had come to the lecture. I wish I could fly to the moon some day.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于賓語(yǔ)用于賓語(yǔ)從句中從句中用于表示要求，命令，建用于表示要求，命令，建議，意圖，決定，推薦等意議，意圖，決定，推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，如義的動(dòng)詞，如order，require，demand，suggest，advise，propose，command，reque

7、st，insist，recommend等后接賓語(yǔ)從句等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形The teacher ordered that all of the students be here on time. He insisted that we(should) attend the meeting.would rather(would sooner)后的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)用一般后的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事。如談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，則事。如談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Id rather you

8、paid the money yourself. Id rather you hadnt done that.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于主語(yǔ)用于主語(yǔ)從句中從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/possible/best/better/ strange/natural/essential/a pitythat從句，從句中從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till

9、next week. It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.用于表語(yǔ)用于表語(yǔ)從句和同從句和同位語(yǔ)從句位語(yǔ)從句中中在在suggestion，proposal，order，request，advice等等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其構(gòu)成是其構(gòu)成是“(should)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”My suggestion is that you(should)visit China. We all agreed to his suggestion t

10、hat we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于表語(yǔ)用于表語(yǔ)從句和同從句和同位語(yǔ)從句位語(yǔ)從句中中as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去表過(guò)去could/might/would動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形表將來(lái)表將來(lái)It looks as if he were 10 years younger today. It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week. It looks a

11、s if he could live for another century.特別提醒特別提醒條件句中有條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，若省略時(shí)，若省略if，則需把，則需把were，had，should放在主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成放在主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.() Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.()類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成

12、或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作若發(fā)虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作若發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)各自所指的句的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式，這種句子叫作錯(cuò)綜氣形式，這種句子叫作錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句時(shí)間條件句If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去) If they had left home in early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.(過(guò)去過(guò)去將

13、來(lái)將來(lái))特別特別提醒提醒有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而是通過(guò)上下文或用介詞短語(yǔ)是通過(guò)上下文或用介詞短語(yǔ)等表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫含等表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫含蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞有有with，without，but for，otherwise等等But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. Without electricity life would be quite different today. I was ill that day，otherwise，I would have taken part in

14、the sports meet. A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.類(lèi)型類(lèi)型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest作作“暗示，表暗示，表明明”，insist作作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為為”表示意見(jiàn)、看法解表示意見(jiàn)、看法解時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.as if/though既可引導(dǎo)方式既可引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣；從句，有時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣；有時(shí)則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣It looks as if its going to rain.(陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣) He speaks English as if he were from Britain.(虛擬虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣) He looks as if a ghost were running after him now.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣)