小型轎車鼓式制動器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動仿真
小型轎車鼓式制動器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動仿真,小型,轎車,制動器,設(shè)計(jì),運(yùn)動,仿真
譯文標(biāo)題
基于研究UG鼓式制動器設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化
原文標(biāo)題
The Study of the Parameterization of the Drum Brake Design Based on UG
作 者
Liu Hongpu
譯 名
劉宏埔
國 籍
中國
原文出處
Mechanical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic Institute,Henan473009, China
鼓式制動器設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化研究基于UG
Liu Hongpu,Peng Erbao
機(jī)械工程，河南理工大學(xué)，Henan473009，中國
摘要
本文運(yùn)用UG軟件的設(shè)計(jì)和研究上的制動器的類型參數(shù)。論基礎(chǔ)離散化的原則，離散對制動鼓的結(jié)構(gòu)圖案。選取的典型特征制動器總成的三維參數(shù)化建模工作的各個部分，以構(gòu)建一個模型來參數(shù)庫調(diào)用。
?2011下的[南的責(zé)任由發(fā)布Elsevier公司的選擇和/或同行審查
關(guān)鍵詞：剎車; UG，參數(shù)化，離散化;研究
制動器是汽車行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵部件。隨著社會的快速發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高對制動器的設(shè)計(jì)汽車提出了更為嚴(yán)格的要求。不僅要滿足制動的基本性能要求，還要滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)的嚴(yán)格要求。本文主要研究在制動鼓上的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)。
1，制動離散
隨著參數(shù)的變化，在模板特點(diǎn)下可能出現(xiàn)的變化情況： 一）特征維護(hù)不變，只有通過受電弓的大小重現(xiàn);二）結(jié)構(gòu)特征性改變。
上述兩種變化情況，在實(shí)際操作中，因?yàn)檫x擇使用模擬目標(biāo)不同大小，所以模板必須設(shè)計(jì)的不是很大，因此，主要有第一類的情況下，在特性保修范圍的大小變化。當(dāng)參數(shù)變化是相當(dāng)
大時，是第二種情況，申請建立模板必須全面描述模型。當(dāng)然，如果一個模板更接近模型，它必須手動增加的特點(diǎn)就會減少，但這種模板所具有的代表性和典型性相對差一些;模板與待建模型之間有一定的差距，需要手動增加的特性是多方面的，但其代表性和典型性都好一些。這是一對相互矛盾的，在該構(gòu)建體中應(yīng)該找一個比較好的平衡點(diǎn)，這樣既可以建立代表
模板，并加快零部件的設(shè)計(jì)速度。 然后根據(jù)一定的分離規(guī)則，分離各型號相應(yīng)的剎車零部件，從這些部件中撤銷典型的特征，形成模板參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)要求。
需要遵守的規(guī)則有：
1.1 近似元提取相同的特征。
1.2 單獨(dú)特有的部分進(jìn)行特征提取。
1.3 進(jìn)行特征提取時，應(yīng)盡可能撤銷相似的特征。
1.4 特征提取，考慮其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。
鼓式制動器離散化之后，組件如下：
* 摩擦盤（大約兩片）；
* 剎車蹄片（型）；
* Sells on consignment;
* 制動輪缸主體（類型）；
* 活塞（類型）；
* 皮碗（類型）；
* 制動鼓（型）；
* 制動底板（型）；
* 變動的支承桿（類型）；
* 彈簧（類型）；
* 附件（襯套防塵套，活塞防塵套，泄氣螺栓螺母，進(jìn)油口防護(hù)罩，密封圈，螺栓防松橡皮筋保護(hù)，分離主缸離開油密密封環(huán)及各種彈簧等）
上述名單后僅是離散的組件統(tǒng)一名稱，具體的就下命名，有許多種特性不同的組件，這個請求分別建立模板，以滿足下缸體名需求攻方設(shè)計(jì)，例如，具有至少5個各種不同類型的氣缸體，因此，必須單獨(dú)建立的模板。雖然提取合理的制動帶模板的一定的周期，而且還建立了許多特殊的特性組件模板，所以說從本質(zhì)上來說，它是基于每個組件離散。選擇模板離散元件后，并按照要求的尺寸制作新組件模型，再組裝制動系統(tǒng)。
當(dāng)每個組件為參數(shù)化，參數(shù)的整數(shù)必須嚴(yán)格控制，必須盡可能的使用盡可能少的參數(shù)來描述整個組件。當(dāng)然,這里參數(shù)是指可以改變大小的，部件大多數(shù)尺寸需要使用這些成為可能，以改變驅(qū)動的大?。醋兓癁樽宰兞?，寫的是尺寸驅(qū)動函數(shù)形式），也就是引起了眾多大小來進(jìn)行連接，使整體聯(lián)動，完成參數(shù)化建模工作。
2. 制動參數(shù)
本設(shè)計(jì)采用基于特征的參數(shù)化建模方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)了汽車制動零部件快速設(shè)計(jì)和自動設(shè)計(jì)。因此，需要明確以下一些具有特征的相關(guān)概念。
2.1.特征定義
特征是高層次的抽象描述，設(shè)計(jì)師描述設(shè)計(jì)對象的功能，形狀，結(jié)構(gòu)，制造，裝配，檢測，管理和使用信息，并具有準(zhǔn)確的項(xiàng)目的含義等的關(guān)系。特征模型用邏輯的相互依存，相互進(jìn)行描述和表達(dá)的影響語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特性實(shí)例和關(guān)系。與低層次的幾何形狀比較元件表面，側(cè)面，所表達(dá)的幾何實(shí)體的方法所不同的是：該特性模型表達(dá)了高水平的具有功能意義的實(shí)體，如孔，槽等，其操作對象不是原始的幾何元素，但為該產(chǎn)品的功能要素，在產(chǎn)品技術(shù)信息和管理信息，體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者的意圖。
2.2.特征分類
特點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)品描述信息集。不同的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和不同的對象，特征抽象和分類方法是不同的。通過分析機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的大量零部件藍(lán)圖信息和加工工藝信息，可構(gòu)成成分特征劃分為五個大類：
經(jīng)營特色：隨著組件管理相關(guān)通信集合，包括標(biāo)題欄信息（例如組件名稱，圖表或插圖編號，設(shè)計(jì)者，設(shè)計(jì)日期等），各組分的材料，并沒有傾倒的信息，如粗糙度等。
技術(shù)特點(diǎn)：描述組件的性能和規(guī)格通信集合。
材料熱處理特點(diǎn)：與元件材料及熱處理通信集合，像材料的性能，熱處理方式，硬度值的程度等有關(guān)。
精密特性：描述元件的形狀，大小許可量變化通信集合，包括公差（尺寸公差和形狀位置公差）和表面粗糙度。
形態(tài)特征：通信集合這都與描述元件的形狀，大小，包括函數(shù)的形狀，加工工藝造型，裝配輔助形狀有關(guān)。
組裝特性：組件相關(guān)的方向，相互活性表面和協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。
在上述特征中，形狀特征是描述元件或產(chǎn)品最重要的特征。其可分離主要特征和輔助特征，前者是用來描述結(jié)構(gòu)對象的基本幾何形狀，后者是其中進(jìn)行表達(dá)的對象部分的形狀特征。
2.3.特征關(guān)系
為了描述中的特征之間的關(guān)系，可應(yīng)用于特征類，特征實(shí)例的概念。特征類是關(guān)于類型特征的描述，是所有相同的信息特征的總結(jié)。該典型例子是具體特征后，特征屬性的評價(jià)，特征是類的成員。其中特性類和典型例子有如下關(guān)系：
繼承涉及的特征之一。構(gòu)成層次關(guān)系，這是位于水平更高權(quán)限被稱為超類特性，位于水平較低的水平上被稱為亞組的特性。該子組特征可以繼承的超類特征的屬性和方法的，這種繼承關(guān)系被稱為關(guān)系。另一種繼承關(guān)系的特征是類和這種特性的例子，這種關(guān)系被稱為關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系。例如，一些具體的圓柱是一個例子，圓柱特征類，它們之間反映的關(guān)系。
相鄰關(guān)系。反映了形狀特征之間的相互位置關(guān)系，與CONT表示。間的構(gòu)成鄰接關(guān)系形狀特征鄰接條件可以共享。有關(guān)例如，階梯軸，每相鄰的兩個軸部的之間的關(guān)系是毗連關(guān)系，其中每個相鄰表面條件可以共享。
從屬關(guān)系是關(guān)于形狀特征符合，或者連接的關(guān)系的描述，表明與 輔助。下屬形狀特征依賴于形狀特征是服從是存在的，就像是附著在圓柱斜邊。
引用關(guān)系：特征描述類作為連接屬性，它的相互引用，表示與重組。引用關(guān)系主要存在于引用的形狀特征的精確特性，該材料特性。
2.4.特征建模
基于特征的描述產(chǎn)品的特性所作為建模的基本元素稱為建模技術(shù)的方法。特征建?？赡苷T發(fā)大約分為三個種類的互動特性定義，識別和設(shè)計(jì)基于特征的圖案。
互動特性的定義。使用現(xiàn)有的幾何造型系統(tǒng)建立產(chǎn)品的幾何模型，用戶在圖形交互計(jì)劃流程定義特征的幾何要素，并添加信息，例如特性參數(shù)或精度，規(guī)格，材料熱處理等，以幾何模型為屬性。這種建模方法的自動化程度低，產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)共享也是難實(shí)現(xiàn)的，在信息處理過程中很容易出現(xiàn)人為錯誤。
特征識別。它定義預(yù)先特性進(jìn)行了比較幾何模型，確定特征的具體類型和其他信息。通常它是由通過以下步驟：（1）在搜索產(chǎn)品的幾何形狀的數(shù)據(jù)庫相匹配地形特征的幾何模型;（2）從其自己區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫撤回特征信息為：（3）定特性參數(shù)為：（4）完成對特征幾何模型為：（5）結(jié)合了簡單的特點(diǎn)，以成為新的特點(diǎn)。
基于特征的設(shè)計(jì)。用戶直接定義了組件的幾何實(shí)體的特性，不久之后在特征庫預(yù)先定義特征實(shí)例化，例如取特征為基本單元建立特征模型，從而完成產(chǎn)品的定義和設(shè)計(jì)。
Abstract
This text apply UG software to the design and study on the type parameter of the brakes. On the basis of the principles of discretization, discretize the structural pattern of the brake drum. select the typical characteristic of the brake assemblies and the individual parts of the 3d parameterization modeling work, to build a model for parameterization library calls.
? 20122011Publishedby ElsevierbyElsevierLtd. SelectionLtd.Selectiand/onr peerand/or-reviewpeerunder-reviresponsibilitywunderresponsibilityofHainanUniversityof[name. organizer]
Keywords: the brakes; ug; parameterization; discretization; research
The brake is the key components of the car industry. with the rapid development and people living standards improve in the design of the brake the car raised a more stringent requirements. not only to satisfy the brake the basic properties are required, to satisfy the stringent requirements of the environmental protection. this article mainly study on the brake drum the parameterization design.
1.The Brake Discretization
With the parameter change, the change situation which in the template characteristic possibly appears: a) the characteristic maintenance is invariable, is only the size reproduce by pantograph; b) the structure characteristic changes.
Above two kind of change situation, in actual operation, because selects the template with the simulated target size difference which must design is not very big, therefore mainly has the first kind of situation, the size changes in the characteristic maintenance scope. when the parameter change quite is fierce , is the second kind of situation, this request establishment template must describe the model comprehensively. Certainly, if a template closer model, the characteristic which must increase manually are less, but this template has representative and typical nature bad somewhat; The template with awaits construction the model to have certain disparity, needs to increase manually the characteristic are many, but its representation and typical nature are good somewhat. This is a pair of contradictory, in the construct
of the template should find a quite good balance point, like this can both establish the representative template, and speeds up the spare part the design speed.
Then according to certain separate rule, is separated each model brake the corresponding spare part, withdraws the typical characteristic from these spare parts, forms the template that the parameterization design request.
The deference separate rule is:
1.1.Approximate components extraction same characteristic.
1.2.Peculiar part alone carries on the characteristic extraction.
1.3.Carries on the characteristic extraction, should withdraw the similar characteristic as far as possible.
1.4.Characteristic extraction, considers its realization the possibility.
After the drum brake discretization, components is as follows:
Friction disk (about two pieces);
Bbrake shoe ( type);
Sells on consignment
The cylinder body ( type)
Piston ( type);
Leather cup (type);
Brake drum ( type);
Brake shield plate (type);
Fluctuates the supporting pole (type);
Spring (type);
The appendix (bushing dirt-proof boot, piston dirt-proof boot, deflates bolt nut, oil inlet safety
After above lists only is the discretization the components unification name, regarding under a specific name, there are many kind of characteristic different components, this request separately establishes the template, to satisfy the demand about the design, for instance under the cylinder body name, has at least 5 kind of different type cylinder bodies, therefore must establish the template separately. Although extracted certain cycle of songs's brake to take the template, but has also established many special characteristic components template, therefore said from essentially, it’s based on each components discretization.After the choice discretization template components, and defer to the request the size to produce the new components model, again assembles the brake system.
When each components is parameterized, the parameter integer must control strictly, must use as far as possible few parameters to describe the entire components. Size which certainly here parameter refers to the size which is may change, the components majority of sizes needs to use which these to be possible
mask, seal packing collar, bolt guards against loose rubber band, separates master cylinder to leave oil tight sealing ring and each kind of spring and so on)
to change the size actuation (i.e. changes is independent variable, writes is actuated size function form),
also is causes the multitudinous sizes to be connected, causes the overall linkage, completes the
parameterization modeling work.
2.Brake Parameterization
This design uses the method based on the characteristic parameterization modeling, realizes the automobile brake spare part fast design and the automatic design. Therefore needs to make clear following several with the characteristic correlation concept.
2.1.Characteristic definition
Characteristic is high level abstract description that the designer describe the design object the function, the shape, the structure, the manufacture, the assembly, the examination, the management and the use information and the relations which has the accurate project meaning and so on. The characteristic model use logic in the interdependence, mutually carries on the description and the expression for the influence semantic network to the characteristic instance and the relations. compare with the low level geometry element surface, side, expressed the geometry entity method the difference is: The characteristic model expresses the high level to have the function significance entity, like the hole, the trough and so on, its operation object is not the primitive geometry element, but is the product function essential factor, the product technical information and the management information, manifests designer's intention.
2.2.Characteristic classification
Characteristic is the product description information set. The different application domain and the different object, the characteristic abstract and the classified method is different. Through analyzing mechanical product massive components blueprint information and the processing craft information, may constitute the components characteristic to divide into five big kinds:
Management characteristic: With the components management related communications ensemble, including the title block information (for example components name, chart or illustration number, designer, design date and so on), the components material, has not poured information such as roughness and so on.
Technical characteristic: Description components performance and specification communications ensemble.
Material heat treatment characteristic: associated with components material and heat treatment communications ensemble, like material performance, heat treatment way, degree of hardness value and so on.
Precision characteristic: Description components shape, size permission amount of variation communications ensemble, including common difference (size common difference and shape position common difference) and surface roughness.
Shape characteristic: The communications ensemble which are related to description components shape, size, including function shape, processing craft shape, assembly auxiliary shape.
Assembles characteristic: Components correlation direction, mutual active surface and coordinate relations.
In the characteristic above, the shape characteristic is most important characteristic that describes the components or the product. Its separable primarily characteristic and the auxiliary characteristic, the former is used to describe the structure object basic geometry shape, the latter is the characteristic which carries on the expression to the object partial shape
2.3.Characteristic relation
In order to describe the relation among characteristic, may apply the concept of characteristic class, the characteristic example. The characteristic class is the description about the characteristic type, is summary of
all same information characteristic. The characteristic example is specific characteristic after the
characteristic attribute evaluation, is the member of characteristic class. Among the characteristic class, the characteristic example, the characteristic class and the characteristic example has relation as follows:
Inherits relates \.Constituted level relation among the characteristic, which is located the level higher authority to be called the ultra kind of characteristic, is located the level lower level to be called the subgroup characteristic. The subgroup characteristic may inherit the ultra kind of characteristic the attribute and the method, this kind of inheritance relation is called the relation. Another kind of inheritance relation is the relation between characteristic class and this kind of characteristic example, this kind of relation is called the relation. For example, some concrete circular cylinder is a example that circular cylinder characteristic class, among themselves has reflected the relation.
Adjacent relation. Reflected the mutual position relations among the shape characteristic, indicated with CONT. Among the constitution adjacency relation shape characteristic adjacency condition may share.For example, a steps and ladders axis, between each neighboring two axis section’s relations are the syntopy, in which each adjacency surface condition may share.
Hypotaxis.the description about shape characteristic compliance or the attached relations, indicated with IST. The subordinate shape characteristic relies on in the shape characteristic which is subordinated is existed, like bevel edge attached in circular cylinder.
Quote relation. describing characteristic class as the connection attribute which the quotes mutually, indicated with RE. The quotation relation mainly exists in the quotation that the shape characteristic to the precision characteristic, the material characteristic.
2.4.Characteristic modeling
The method that describing product by characteristic as the modeling fundamental element is called modeling technology based on the characteristic. The characteristic modeling may induce approximately into three kind of patterns that the interactive characteristic definition, the trick recognition and the design based on the characteristic.
Interactive characteristic definition. Using the existing geometry modeling system establishment product geometry model, the user, definition characteristic geometry essential factor in the graph interactive plan process, and add the information for example characteristic parameter or precision, specification, material heat treatment and so on to geometry model as the attribute. This kind of modeling method’s automaticity is low, product data sharing is also difficulty realized, in the information processing process it is easy to arise the artificial mistake.”.
Characteristic recognition. the characteristic which defines in advance is carried on the comparison geometry model, definite characteristic concrete type and additional information. Usually it is composed by the following steps: Searching product geometry database, match characteristic
topo geometry model; Withdraws the characteristic information from the database which oneself distinguishes; Definite characteristic parameter; Completes characteristic geometry model; Combines the simple characteristic to become the new characteristic.
The design based on characteristic. The user directly defines components geometry entity with the characteristic, after soon in characteristic storehouse pre-definition characteristic instantiation, take example characteristic as basic unit establishment characteristic model, thus completes the product the definition or the design.
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