CA6140 臥式車床主軸箱的設(shè)計4張CAD圖

CA6140 臥式車床主軸箱的設(shè)計4張CAD圖,CA6140,臥式車床主軸箱的設(shè)計4張CAD圖,臥式,車床,主軸,設(shè)計,CAD 附錄一： 機械傳動的探索在機械設(shè)計課程教學 李興華 機械工程同濟大學學院 上海，中國 lixinghua@#edu.cn 摘要:在機器的設(shè)計過程中，機械傳動有更多的知識抽象的概念， 并發(fā)式，大量的圖表，所以這是很難理解和使用。該計算公式被 分成三種類型中的教學實踐中，如確鑿式中，經(jīng)驗方程和幾何關(guān) 系。它需要做出一些差異給他們在教學過程中;圖表類型的數(shù)據(jù)應 進行詳細說明，尤其是選擇方法使學生能夠選擇正確的數(shù)據(jù)，代 入公式設(shè)計和計算。在同一時間，該使用圖表分析，歸納分析的 基礎(chǔ)知識和概念和比較有助于培養(yǎng)學生的綜合能力研究的問題。 最后，通過一個偉大的工作，鞏固訓練，學生可以進一步主動地 學習專業(yè)性知識。 關(guān)鍵詞：機械設(shè)計，機械傳動，教學方法，教育，圖表分析 1、引言 該機設(shè)計當然是一個技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程機械在工科院校工程[1]。這當 然涉及到很多相關(guān)的課程，更多的知識，抽象的概念和復雜的公式， 所以它不容易學習。尤其在設(shè)計計算傳動部件，其中學生往往反映有 太多的公式，怎么還記得嗎？他們還反映有很多在課本的數(shù)據(jù)，如何 正確地使用它們呢？與許多多年的教學這部分的做法，本文總結(jié)了一 些經(jīng)驗，以下。 2 公式正確認識 為設(shè)計和傳動組件的計算中的公式“機械設(shè)計”，當然，這是明確 指出講座：在工作條件分析，這當然需要做一些數(shù)學，機械推導和公 式確實很多，但有是無大量“公式”得出的結(jié)論。因此，所謂的學生 在使用的公式演算和推導“公式”，這純粹是誤解的過程。由分析這 部分教學內(nèi)容的公式分為以下三個方面，可以區(qū)別對待：(W.張（主 編）：先進技術(shù)在教學中，鞍鋼 163，459-463 頁。springerlink.com? 施普林格出版社柏林海德堡 2012460 李X.) 2.1 派生理論分析的結(jié)論性公式 如標準齒輪傳動，計算公式的齒面接觸應力σ H，參考圓直徑為 D1，齒根彎曲應力Σ F，模數(shù)m。這樣公式將直接用于設(shè)計計算，這是很重 要的。該式應該熟悉每個符號的含義，假設(shè)取得推導應該汲取的，什 么要注意在使用中，為了能夠正確和靈活性使用公式。在教學中要求 學生使用分析和制圖，以幫助記憶而不是死記硬背。對于一些常用的 （如計算速度V，該轉(zhuǎn)矩T）的公式，一定要記住。 2.2 經(jīng)驗公式或公式推薦 如 V 型帶驅(qū)動推薦中心距 A0 最好滿足關(guān)系（1），但在具體的設(shè)計 計算，作為限制條件的結(jié)果是，實際中心距離不能滿足關(guān)系（1），那 么你可以允許使用。（12）0（12）0.72 DDDDD+ D≤一≤e+ D。 （1） 其中：DD1 和 DD2 小皮帶輪和大皮帶輪在Vbelt 參考直徑傳輸。 2.3 幾何關(guān)系公式 例如，在V 形帶傳動，公式的V 形皮帶的計算傳輸中心距離和長 度不必死記硬背，只要圖形是能夠被理解，并且式都可以使用。而在 齒輪傳動，所述幾何形狀比較簡單，可以使用相應的幾何圖來記得。 (機械傳動教學 461 的探索) 3、數(shù)據(jù)正確選擇 在機械傳動的教學內(nèi)容，也有一些介紹如何選擇數(shù)據(jù)，如何解決 問題，等等，從而使學生在解決問題，而不是一味地用錯誤的公式一 個清晰的概念。教學內(nèi)容的這一部分需要選擇大量的數(shù)據(jù)，例如在數(shù) 據(jù)線性圖的形式和以表格形式的數(shù)據(jù)。哪些因素會影響數(shù)據(jù)以及如何 的因素影響的數(shù)據(jù)應被指定。尤其需要通過圖表選擇數(shù)據(jù)的方法中所 說明的細節(jié)。例如，如果選擇的齒面接觸疲勞的限制時，以及選擇齒 根彎曲疲勞的限制，但應注意的是，是什么材料中的齒輪是由，然后 根據(jù)材料來選擇圖表和選擇曲線，從而防止選擇錯誤的圖表或曲線和 所獲得的錯誤的值;再如，選擇動載荷系數(shù)和選擇時，負荷分布因子， 齒輪的精度和齒輪的安排應注意的，并根據(jù)相應的曲線和表格;第 04 期基于只有一個清醒的頭腦有關(guān)影響數(shù)據(jù)的因素，你可以選擇出正確 的數(shù)據(jù);只有學生學會選擇數(shù)據(jù)的方法，才能選擇正確的數(shù)據(jù) 和代入公式設(shè)計計算。 附錄二： The Exploration of the Mechanical Transmission Teaching in the Machine Design Course Xinghua Li School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China lixinghua@#edu.cn Abstract. In the machine design course, mechanical transmission have more knowledge, abstractive concept, complicated formula, a large number of charts, so it's difficult to understand and use. The calculation formula is divided into three types in teaching practice, such as the conclusive formulas, empirical equations and geometric relations. It needs to make some difference to them during the teaching; the chart type of data should be explained in detail, especially the selection methods, so that students can select the correct data and substituted into the formula for design and calculations. at the same time, the use of chart analysis, the basic knowledge and concepts of inductive analysis and comparison can help to develop students' ability of comprehensively researching problems. Finally, through a great work to consolidate the training,the students can be further motivated to study professional knowledge. Keywords: Machine design, mechanical transmission, teaching method, education, chart analysis. 1 Introduction The Machine Design course is a technical foundation course for mechanical engineering in engineering colleges [1]. This course involves many related courses, more knowledge, abstractive concept and complicated formula, so it's not easy to learn. Especially the design calculations for transmission components, in which students often reflect there are too many formulas, how to remember? They also reflect there are a lot of data in textbooks, how to correctly use them? With many years teaching practice of this part, this paper summed up some experience as following. 2 Correct Understanding of the Formulas For the formulas of the design and calculation of transmission components in the "Machine Design" course, which was clearly pointed out in lectures: during the analysis of work conditions, this course need to do some mathematical, mechanical derivation, and formulas are indeed a lot, but there is no great number of the "formulas" of the conclusions. Thus the students called the formulas used in the process of calculus and derivation "formulas", which are purely misunderstanding. By analyzing the formulas in this part of the teaching content are divided into the following three respects, which can be treated differently: W. Zhang (Ed.): Advanced Technology in Teaching, AISC 163, pp. 459–463. springerlink.com ? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 460 X. Li 2.1 The Conclusive Formulas Derived of the Analysis of Theory Such as standard gear drive, formulas for calculating the tooth surface contact stressσH, reference circle diameter d1, Tooth root bending stress σF, modulus m. Suchformulas will be directly used for design calculations, which is important. The formula should be familiar with the meaning of each symbol, the assumption made in the derivation should be learned, and what should pay attention to in use, in order to be able to correctly and flexibility use formulas. In the teaching students are asked to use analysis and mapping to help remember instead of rote. For some of the commonly used (such as calculating speed V, the torque T) formulas, be sure to memorize. 2.2 Empirical Equations or Recommended Formulas Such as V-belt drive recommended center distance a0 best satisfy the relations (1), butin the specific design calculations, as a result of the restricted conditions, the actual center distance can not satisfy the relations (1), then you can allow the use. 0.7(d d1+d d2) ≤a0≤2(d d1+d d2) (1) Where: dd1 and dd2 are reference diameter of small pulley and large pulley in the Vbelt transmission. 2.3 Geometry Relationship Formulas For example, in the V-belt transmission, the formulas for calculation of V-belt transmission center distance and the length do not have rote, as long as graphics are able to be understood, and the formulas can be used. While in the gear drive, the geometry is relatively simple, you can use the corresponding geometric diagram to remember. 3 Correct Selection of Data In the teaching contents of the mechanical transmission, there are also some introduction about how to select the data, how to solve problems, etc., thus giving students a clearer idea in solving problems, instead of blindly using wrong formulas. This part of the teaching content requires selecting a lot of data, such as data in Linear graph form and data in tabular form. What factors will affect the data and how the factors impact the data should be specified. Especially the method of selecting data through chart needs to be explained in detail. For example, when selecting the limitation of the tooth contact fatigue and to select the limitation of the tooth root bending fatigue, it should be noted that, what material the gear is made of, then according to the materials to select the chart and select the curve, so as to prevent choosing the wrong chart or curve and obtained the wrong value; Another example, when selecting the dynamic load factor and selecting the load distribution factor, the accuracy of gears and the arrangement of gears should be paid attention to, and according to the corresponding curves and tables; only based The Exploration of the Mechanical Transmission Teaching 461 on a clear mind about the factors that affect the data can you select out the correct data; Only students learn the method of selecting data can they select the correct data and substituted into the formulas for design calculations. 4 Through Analysis and Comparison Cultivating the Ability to Develop Comprehensive Research Problems Each completion of one kind of transmission, students can be roughly understood thecontents of this drive, which is just an "individuality"; There are internal relations between the various transmission, which is called "common". If the individuality can be linked with the common, by analysis and comparison, we can deepen our understanding; and cultivate the ability of students to learn by analogy. Therefore, some forms can be prepared to achieve this purpose in teaching. For gear failure modes, due to many causes, it’s both easy to grasp, but also difficult to remember. In the lecture, table analysis (Table 1.) is used to show out all the influencing factors, analyze one by one, so that it becomes easy to understand, and easy to distinguish causes between different failure mode. In order to promote thinking, we can focus on several causes of failure mode such as contact fatigue pitting, bending fatigue fracture, scuffing, wear, etc. and make them clear. Then talk about the failure phenomenon of the tooth when the static strength is not enough, while the reason why static strength is not enough and a variety of ways to prevent or mitigate failure measures, please let the students think for themselves and fill them out. Table 1. Failure modes of gear drive Contact fatigue Pitting Bending fatigue fracture Scuffing Wear Plastic deformation Suddenly broken Intern al cause Tooth surface hardness HBS ≤350 Tooth surface hardness HBS >350 Exter nal cause Normal force Fn Light load Heavy load Stress Tooth surface contact stress σH Tooth root bending stress σF Motion Rotational speedn High Low Friction force f Fn Installation Open Lubricatin drive Workin g Closed drive conditi ons Smooth Load Impact 462 X. Li In another example, when the chapter about the worm drive was finished, you can list a form as shown in Table 2, and ask the students to fill it out in order to acquire the forces analysis requirements of each chapter. When cylindrical helical gear drive was finished, you can list a form as shown in Table 3, requiring students to fill in after-school, making them seriously consider both he similarities and differences, in order to achieve the purpose of consolidation. Table 2. Force analysis of gear drive Direction of peripheral force Ft Direction of radial force Fr Direction of axial force Fa Cylindrical spur gear Driving wheel Driven wheel drive Cylindrical helical gear drive Driving wheel Driven wheel Straight bevel gear drive Driving wheel Driven wheel Worm drive Worm Worm gear Table 3. Comparative analysis of cylindrical gear drive Cylindrical spur gear drive Cylindrical helical gear drive Engagement principle Geometry relationship Force analysis Tooth surface contact fatigue strength Tooth root bending fatigue strength Design steps Other 5 Through Assignment to Consolidate the Training Through the above process of teaching, although students initially master the content and the design calculation methods for the mechanical transmission, without intensive training by examples, in the actual design calculations, students can’t use freely on the purpose. Therefore, in the classroom the example is used to describe the design calculation, during the explanation of the process, the interactive teaching model is used to allow students to participate, apply the content of the theory to the actual design, and teachers do not teach too much, make students take the lead only. After-school assignment of design for mechanical transmission [2], through the students’ practical design calculations, can improve students' proficiency in design calculations, and further consolidate the knowledge of the design calculations the students learned, but also enable students The Exploration of the Mechanical Transmission Teaching 463 to recognize their knowledge learned is useful, only to master the knowledge well can you use it to design mechanical components, in order to become a design workers, thus further motivate students to learn professional knowledge. To develop students’ creation abilities and abilities of daring to deal with the challenges. The above are my exploration in the teaching process, through the application, students’ enthusiasm for learning has increased, and students’ interactive participation in teaching has significantly grown up and learning initiative has also been significantly improved, the knowledge of the design and calculation of mechanical transmission has been mastered more firmly. In addition, students are able to skillfully apply the learned knowledge of mechanical transmission design calculations to the actual design calculations. References 1. Pu, L., Ji, M.: Design of Machinery. China Higher Education Press, Beijing (2006) 2. Wang, K., He, X., Wang, X.: Course Exercise in Mechanical Design and Mechanical Design Basis. China Higher Education Press, Beijing (1995)