四柱萬能液壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【YA32-1000KN型四柱萬能液壓機(jī)】

四柱萬能液壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【YA32-1000KN型四柱萬能液壓機(jī)】,YA32-1000KN型四柱萬能液壓機(jī),四柱萬能液壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【YA32-1000KN型四柱萬能液壓機(jī)】,萬能,液壓機(jī),系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì),ya32,kn,型四柱 湖南工學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)課題名稱 四柱萬能液壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 專業(yè)名稱 所在班級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào) 指導(dǎo)老師 完 成 日 期： 20*年5月摘 要液壓技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代制造的基礎(chǔ)，他的廣泛應(yīng)用，很大程度上代替了普通成型加工，全球制造業(yè)發(fā)生了根本性變化。因此，液壓技術(shù)的水準(zhǔn)、擁有和普及程度，已經(jīng)成為衡量一個(gè)國家綜合國力和現(xiàn)代化水平的重要標(biāo)志。為適合這種行勢，需要大量設(shè)計(jì)一些液壓機(jī)的工作系統(tǒng)。本次就是要設(shè)計(jì)一款四柱萬能液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓技術(shù)已被世界各國列為優(yōu)先發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵工業(yè)技術(shù)，成為當(dāng)代國際間科技競爭的重點(diǎn)。本書為機(jī)械類液壓設(shè)計(jì)說明書，是根據(jù)液壓設(shè)計(jì)手冊上的設(shè)計(jì)程序及步驟編寫的。本書的主要內(nèi)容包括：臥式鉆鏜組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)課題及有關(guān)參數(shù)；工況分析；液壓缸工作壓力和流量的確定；液壓系統(tǒng)圖的擬定；驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)及液壓元件的選擇；液壓系統(tǒng)主要性能的驗(yàn)算；設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)；參考文獻(xiàn)等。編寫本說明書時(shí)，力求符合設(shè)計(jì)步驟，詳細(xì)說明了液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，以及各種參數(shù)的具體計(jì)算方法，如壓力的計(jì)算、各種工況負(fù)載的計(jì)算、液壓元件的規(guī)格選取等。本書在編寫過程中，得到黃教授和同學(xué)的大力支持和幫助，在此一起表示衷心的感謝。由于編寫水平有限，書中難免有缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤之處，懇請老師批評指正。 謝謝！關(guān)鍵字 四柱萬能液壓機(jī), 液壓缸, 系統(tǒng)壓力編 者 20*年 5月 AbstractThe liquid presses the technique is the foundation of the modern manufacturing, his extensive application, the very big degree ancestors substitutes the commonness to model to process, the global manufacturing industry took place the basic sex variety.Therefore, the liquid presses the technical level, owns and universal degree, have already become measure a national comprehensive national strength and modernization level of important marking.In order to suit this kind of line of power, need a great deal of work system that designs some liquids to press the machine.This time is to design a style four the all-powerful liquid of pillarses press the system.The liquid presses the key industry technique that the technique has already been list as by the international community to have the initiative the development, becoming the point of a science and technology competition.This book presses to design the manual for the machine liquid, pressing to design the design on the manual procedure and the step plaits to write according to the liquid of.The main contents of this book include:The lie type drills the design topic and relevant parameters that the 鏜 combination tool machine liquid presses the system;The work condition analysis;The liquid presses the assurance of an urn of work pressure and discharges;The liquid presses the draw-up of the system diagram;Drive the choice that the electrical engineering and liquids press the component;The liquid presses the main function of system to check to calculate;The design realize;Reference etc.When plait write this manual, try hard for to match to design the step, elaborate on the liquid to press the design method of the system, and the concrete calculation method of various parameter, press the specification selection of the component such as the calculation, liquid of calculation, various work condition load of pressure etc.This book gets the relevant teacher and classmate to support strongly and help in weave write process, meaning the heartfelt with gratitude together here.Because the plait writes the level limited, difficult do not need the place of weakness and mistake in the book, plead the teacher the animadversion correct. Thanks!【Key word】 four the all-powerful liquid of pillarses press the machine, the liquid presses the urn, system pressureIV目 錄 第一章 設(shè)計(jì)課題及主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、工作原理51.1設(shè)計(jì)課題51.2設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)：7第二章 工況分析82.1繪制液壓缸速度循環(huán)圖、負(fù)載圖82.2參數(shù)8第三章 確定液壓缸參數(shù)91、初選液壓缸工作壓力92、計(jì)算液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸93主缸的壓制力104實(shí)際回程105頂出缸的內(nèi)徑106頂出缸的面積107頂出缸 的回程力108 .頂出液壓缸的工作壓力和回程工作壓力：109 液壓缸運(yùn)動(dòng)中供油量11第四章 液壓元、輔件的選擇114.1液壓元件的選擇124.2液壓輔件的選擇13第五章 液壓系統(tǒng)主要性能驗(yàn)算165.1系統(tǒng)壓力損失計(jì)算165.2系統(tǒng)效率計(jì)算185.3系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱與升溫計(jì)算19設(shè)計(jì)心得20參考文獻(xiàn)21第一章 設(shè)計(jì)課題及主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、工作原理1.1設(shè)計(jì)課題 設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)YA32-1000KN型四柱萬能液壓機(jī)，設(shè)該四柱萬能液壓機(jī)下行移動(dòng)部件重G=1噸，下行行程1.0-1.2m，其液壓系統(tǒng)圖如下 1、 主液壓泵（恒功率輸出液壓泵），2、齒輪泵，3、電機(jī)，4、濾油器，5、7、8、22、25、溢流閥，6、18、24、電磁換向閥，9、21、電液壓換向閥，10、壓力繼電器，11、單向閥，12、電接觸壓力表，13、19、液控單向閥，14、液動(dòng)換向閥，15、順序閥，16上液壓缸，17、順序閥，20、下液壓缸，23節(jié)流器，26、行程開關(guān)A、啟動(dòng)：電磁鐵全斷電，主泵卸荷。 主泵（恒功率輸出）電液換向閥9的M型中位電液換向閥21的K型中位TB、液壓缸16活塞快速下行： 2YA、5YA通電，電液換向閥9右位工作，道通控制油路經(jīng)電磁換向閥18，打開液控單向閥19，接通液壓缸16下腔與液控單向閥19的通道。 進(jìn)油路：主泵（恒功率輸出）電液換向閥9單向閥11液壓缸16上腔回油路：液壓缸16下腔電液換向閥9電液換向閥21的K型中位T液壓缸活塞依靠重力快速下行：大氣壓油吸入閥13液壓缸16上腔的負(fù)壓空腔C.液壓缸16活塞接觸工件，開始慢速下行（增壓下行）：液壓缸活塞碰行程開關(guān)2XK使5YA斷電，切斷液壓缸16下腔經(jīng)液控單向閥19快速回油通路，上腔壓力升高，同時(shí)切斷（大氣壓油吸入閥13上液壓缸16上腔）吸油路。進(jìn)油路：主泵（恒功率輸出）電液換向閥9單向閥11液壓缸16上腔回油路：液壓缸16下腔順序閥17電液換向閥9電液換向閥21的K型中位TD、保壓：液壓缸16上腔壓力升高達(dá)到預(yù)調(diào)壓力，電接觸壓力表12發(fā)出信息，2YA斷電，液壓缸16進(jìn)口油路切斷，(單向閥11 和吸入閥13的高密封性能確保液壓缸16活塞對工件保壓，利用液壓缸16上腔壓力很高，推動(dòng)液動(dòng)換向閥14下移，打開外控順序閥15，防止控制油路使吸入閥1誤動(dòng)而造成液壓缸16上腔卸荷) 當(dāng)液壓缸16上腔壓力降低到低于電接觸壓力表12調(diào)定壓力，電接觸壓力表12又會(huì)使2YA通電，動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)又會(huì)再次向液壓缸16上腔供應(yīng)壓力油。主泵（恒功率輸出）主泵電液換向閥9的M型中位電液換向閥21的K型中位T，主泵卸荷 。E、保壓結(jié)束、液壓缸16上腔卸荷后：保壓時(shí)間到位，時(shí)間繼電器發(fā)出信息， 1YA通電（2TA斷電），液壓缸16上腔壓力很高，推動(dòng)液動(dòng)換向閥14下移，打開外控順序閥15，主泵1電液壓換向閥9的大部分油液經(jīng)外控順序閥15流回油箱，壓力不足以立即打開吸入閥13通油箱的通道，只能先打開吸入閥13的卸荷閥（或叫卸荷閥的卸荷口），實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓缸16上腔（只有極小部分油液經(jīng)卸荷閥口回油箱）先卸荷，后通油箱的順序動(dòng)作，此時(shí)：主泵1大部分油液電液壓換向閥9外控順序閥15TF、液壓缸16活塞快速上行： 液壓缸16上腔卸壓達(dá)到吸入閥13開啟的壓力值時(shí)，液動(dòng)換向閥14復(fù)位，外控制順序閥15關(guān)閉，切斷主泵1大部分油液電液換向閥9外控順序閥15T的油路，實(shí)現(xiàn)：進(jìn)油路：主泵1電液換向閥9液控單向閥19液壓缸16下腔回油路：液壓缸16上腔吸入閥13TG、頂出工件：液壓缸16活塞快速上行到位，碰行程開關(guān)1XK，1YA斷電，電液換向閥9復(fù)位，4YA通電，電液換向閥21右位工作進(jìn)油路：主泵1電液換向閥9的M型中位電液換向閥21液壓缸20下腔回油路：液壓缸20上腔電液換向閥21TH、頂出活塞退回：3YA通電，4YA斷電，電液換向閥21左位工作進(jìn)油路：主泵1電液換向閥9的M型中位電液換向閥21液壓缸20有桿腔回油路：液壓缸20無桿腔電液換向閥21TK、壓邊浮動(dòng)拉伸：薄板拉伸時(shí)，要求頂出液壓缸20無桿腔保持一定的壓力，以便液壓缸20活塞能隨液壓缸16活塞驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)模一同下行對薄板進(jìn)行拉伸，4YA通電，電液壓換向閥21右位工作，6YA通電，電磁閥24工作，溢流閥25調(diào)節(jié)液壓缸20無桿腔油墊工作壓力。進(jìn)油路：主泵1電液換向閥9的M型中位電液換向閥21液壓缸20無桿腔吸油路：大氣壓油電液壓換向閥21填補(bǔ)液壓缸20有桿腔的負(fù)壓空腔1.2設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)：液壓系統(tǒng)最高壓力P=32mPa 一般選用P=20-25mPa主液壓缸公稱噸位1000KN主液壓缸用于沖壓的壓制力與回程力之比值為5-10%，塑料制品的壓制力與回程力之比為2%，頂出缸公稱頂出力取主缸公稱噸位的五分之一頂出缸回程力為主液壓缸公稱噸位的十五分之一主液壓缸 快速空行程 V=100mm/s 工作行程 V=10mm/s 回程 V=80mm/s頂出液壓缸 頂出行程 V=80mm/s 回程 V=120mm/s 設(shè)計(jì)要求：設(shè)計(jì)選擇組成該液壓系統(tǒng)的基本液壓回路并說明液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算選擇液壓元件，進(jìn)行液壓系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性校核，繪液壓系統(tǒng)圖及液壓集成回路圖，設(shè)計(jì)液壓裝置和液壓集成塊，編寫液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)說明書。第二章 工況分析2.1繪制液壓缸速度循環(huán)圖、負(fù)載圖 2.2參數(shù)1、選取參數(shù)取動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)fd=0.1 ，靜摩擦系數(shù)fj=0.2 ，缸=0.9 ， V快=100mm/s ， V工=10mm/s，令起動(dòng)時(shí)間不超過0.2秒， 選取工作壓力F=25000N(按負(fù)載20000-30000計(jì)算得) 選 取P=20-25mPa 取P1=25mPa2、計(jì)算摩擦力靜摩擦力F2=Gfj=98000.2=1960N動(dòng)摩擦力F3=Gfd=98000.1=980N3、確定液壓缸的推力啟動(dòng)推力F啟=F2/缸=19600.9=2178N,取整為2180N加速推力F加=（F3+F4）/缸=1644N，取整為1640N快進(jìn)推力F快=F3/缸=9800.9=1089,取整為1090N工進(jìn)推力F工=（F1+F3）/缸=39978N，取整為40000N第三章 確定液壓缸參數(shù)1、初選液壓缸工作壓力按照液壓缸工作時(shí)的作用力F工參考課本270頁表91，初定工作壓力P1=2025mpa ,取P1=25mpa；選用A1/2=A2差動(dòng)液壓缸.2、計(jì)算液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 主缸的內(nèi)徑 根據(jù)GB/T23481993，取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值D主 =250mm活塞桿直徑 主缸根據(jù)GB/T23481993，取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值 則有液壓缸各部分面積如下： 3 主缸的壓制力4 實(shí)際回程R主回=190000N=190KN5 頂出缸的內(nèi)徑 根據(jù)GB/T23481993，取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值m根據(jù)GB/T23481993，取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值6 頂出缸的面積 頂出缸的頂出力 7 頂出缸 的回程力R頂回= 8 .頂出液壓缸的工作壓力和回程工作壓力：Pa 9 液壓缸運(yùn)動(dòng)中供油量（1） 快速空行 （2） 工作進(jìn)程進(jìn)出油量 (3) 主缸回程（4） 頂出缸進(jìn)排油量 頂出行程 頂出缸退回 第四章 液壓元、輔件的選擇4.1液壓元件的選擇1.液壓系統(tǒng)快速空程供油方式：由于供油量大，不宜采用由液壓泵供油方式，利用主液壓缸活塞等自重快速下行，形成負(fù)壓空腔，通過吸入閥從油箱吸油，同時(shí)使液壓系統(tǒng)規(guī)格降低檔次。2.選定液壓泵的流量及規(guī)格：設(shè)計(jì)的液壓系統(tǒng)最高工作壓力主液壓缸工作行程，主液壓缸的無桿腔進(jìn)油量為：3.主液壓缸的有桿腔進(jìn)油量為：4.頂出液壓缸頂出行程的無桿腔進(jìn)油量為：設(shè)選主液壓缸工作行程和頂出液壓缸頂出行程工作壓力最高（）工件頂出后不需要高壓。主液壓缸工作行程（即壓制）流量為29.46L/min,主液壓缸工作回程流量為4.56L/min,選用160BGY14-1B型電液比例斜盤式軸向變量柱塞泵。雖然在只有156L/min，主液壓缸活塞返回速度有所降低，在工作壓力為時(shí)，流量降低40%,仍可獲101L/min的流量，基本滿足主液壓缸工作回程4.56L/min、滿足工進(jìn)流量29.46L/min的進(jìn)給設(shè)計(jì)要求。由于選用電液比例控制，獲節(jié)能高效效益。5.液壓泵的驅(qū)動(dòng)功率及電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇：主液壓缸的壓制與頂出液壓缸的頂出工作壓力均為P=20106Pa；主液壓缸回程工作壓力為P=6.64106Pa頂出液壓缸退回行程工作壓力17.1106Pa，液壓系統(tǒng)允許短期過載，因此，快速進(jìn)退選P=6.64106Pa,q=156L/min, 工進(jìn)選P=25.12106Pa,q=101L/min,液壓泵的容積效率v=0.92，機(jī)械效率m=0.95，兩種工況電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)功率為：P工 P快電動(dòng)機(jī)允許短期過載，選取37KW的Y250M-6型電機(jī)。若設(shè)定工作壓力在（25-32）106Pa, 選取55KW的Y280M-6型電機(jī)。液壓缸的壓制工作壓力為P=25.8mPa；液壓缸回程工作壓力為P=0.64mPa快速進(jìn)退選P=2.88106Pa,q=250L/min, 工進(jìn)選P=25.8106Pa,q=157.5L/min,液壓泵的容積效率v=0.92，機(jī)械效率m=0.95，兩種工況電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)功率為 （按等值功率計(jì)算： K電動(dòng)機(jī)過載系數(shù)直流電動(dòng)機(jī)K=1.82.5，若考慮到網(wǎng)絡(luò)電壓波動(dòng)，一般取 K=1.52.0 取選取液壓泵的驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)，首先應(yīng)考慮等值功率和運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)動(dòng)作階段的最大功率。本課題運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)動(dòng)最大功率是終壓功率67.73/0.950.92=77.5KW，持續(xù)時(shí)間只有2秒鐘時(shí)間，不在電動(dòng)機(jī)允許的短期過載范圍內(nèi)，不能按等值功率計(jì)值的短期過載處理，也不能按運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)選取250BGY14-1B型電液比例斜盤式軸向變量柱塞泵電動(dòng)機(jī)的最大驅(qū)動(dòng)功率，只能按短折算系數(shù)為1.7的短期過載設(shè)計(jì)，選取45KWY280M-2型交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓泵。）查手冊選取Y280M-6型電機(jī),其額定功率為37KW。4.2液壓輔件的選擇1、根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工作壓力和通過各元、輔件的實(shí)際流量，選擇的元、輔件的規(guī)格如下表所示。 序號(hào)元件名稱 實(shí)際流量規(guī)格備注 1斜盤式軸向柱塞泵160L/min160BGY14-1B 2齒輪泵10L/minCB-1055KW 3電動(dòng)機(jī)Y250M-6 4濾油器 250L/minWU250180F 5電液比例溢流閥 160L/minYF-B20H 6直動(dòng)式溢流閥10L/minY-Hb6F 7三位四通電液換向閥160L/min34BYM-H20-T 8單向閥160L/minDF-B20K3 9電接觸壓力表KF-L8/30E 10外控順序閥160L/minX4F-B20F-Y 11液控單向閥600L/min自制 12二位三通電磁換向閥10L/min23D-10B 13液控單向閥160L/minDFY-B20H2 14內(nèi)控外泄式順序閥160L/minX4F-B20F-Y1 15主液壓缸外購 16頂出液壓缸外購 17三位四通電液換向閥160L/min34BYK-H20-T 18阻尼器25L/min自制 19二位二通電磁換向閥25L/min22D-10B 20先導(dǎo)式溢流閥160L/minYF-B20H 21直動(dòng)式溢流閥25L/min22行程開關(guān)Y-Hb6F外購3個(gè)2、油箱容量：按經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算油箱容量 上油箱容積：下油箱容積： 液壓缸流量表 動(dòng)作順序流進(jìn)L/min流出L/min主液壓缸快速下行160+694=754 271.2工作行程 101 36.4回程 160 444.8頂出液壓缸頂出行程 101 61.8退回行程 160 261.5第五章 液壓系統(tǒng)主要性能驗(yàn)算5.1系統(tǒng)壓力損失計(jì)算管道直徑按選定元件的接口尺寸確定為d=20mm,進(jìn)、回油管長度都定為L=2m,油液的運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度取,油液的密度取。1、判斷流動(dòng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)、回油管路中所通過的流量以快退時(shí)回油量q=444.8L/min為最大，由雷諾數(shù) 可知因?yàn)镽e2300,故各工況下的進(jìn)、回油路中油液的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)為紊流。2、計(jì)算系統(tǒng)壓力損失由于工進(jìn)時(shí)，油路流量少，可忽略不計(jì)；以下只計(jì)算快進(jìn)時(shí)的系統(tǒng)壓力損失。A、進(jìn)油路中的壓力損失快進(jìn)時(shí)油液在管道中的流速為a、計(jì)算沿程壓力損失P=b、局部壓力損失按經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算P1=0.1P=c、閥類元件產(chǎn)生的局部壓力損失根據(jù)公式 ，其中為額定壓力損失，由手冊查得電液換向閥9、21單向閥11、行程閥26的額定壓力損失均為，q為實(shí)際流量，為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流量。P進(jìn)=P+P1+B、回油路中的壓力損失回油路中油液的流速為回油路的雷諾數(shù)為沿程壓力損失為P=局部壓力損失為P1=0.1P沿=閥類元件損失為P閥=P回=P+P1+P閥=C、快進(jìn)的總的壓力損失P總=P進(jìn)+P回=P總小于工進(jìn)壓力損失設(shè)定值P1，壓力損失校驗(yàn)合格。5.2系統(tǒng)效率計(jì)算在一個(gè)工作循環(huán)周期中，工進(jìn)時(shí)間最長，因此，用工進(jìn)時(shí)的效率來代表整個(gè)循環(huán)的效率。1、計(jì)算回路效率按公式來計(jì)算，其中和液壓缸的工作壓力和流量；、和每個(gè)液壓泵的工作壓力和流量；大流量泵的工作壓力就該泵通過順序閥17卸荷時(shí)產(chǎn)生的壓力損失，因此它的的值為工進(jìn)時(shí)，液壓缸回油腔的壓力為P2=1MPa，進(jìn)油腔的壓力為P1=小流量泵在工進(jìn)時(shí)的工作壓力，等于液壓缸工作腔壓力加上進(jìn)油路上的壓力損失，即=則回路效率為2、計(jì)算系統(tǒng)效率取雙聯(lián)葉片泵的總效率泵=0.70，液壓缸的總效率缸=0.90，則系統(tǒng)效率為=泵缸 =0.70.90.35=0.225.3系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱與升溫計(jì)算系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱計(jì)算和系統(tǒng)效率計(jì)算同樣原因，也只考慮工進(jìn)階段。工進(jìn)時(shí)，液壓泵的輸入功率為P入W此時(shí)，系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的熱流量為Q= P入（1-）=121 （1-0.22）=94.38W系統(tǒng)中的油液溫升為其中傳熱系數(shù)K=15W/（）。本系統(tǒng)溫升很小，符合要求設(shè)計(jì)心得 我們的設(shè)計(jì)課題雖然牽涉的知識(shí)面相對較窄，但是我們的設(shè)計(jì)液壓控制系統(tǒng)還是采用近兩年比較興新液壓閥進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，所以設(shè)計(jì)起來不是很簡單，但在黃教授的指導(dǎo)和同學(xué)的幫助下完成了設(shè)計(jì)。這也是我們在畢業(yè)這一段時(shí)間里重新的溫習(xí)和鞏固以前所學(xué)的東西，其體會(huì)有以下幾點(diǎn)：1） 通過設(shè)計(jì)使所學(xué)的液壓傳動(dòng)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)得到了進(jìn)一步的鞏固，加深和擴(kuò)展，同時(shí)也學(xué)會(huì)了一些怎樣將理論知識(shí)運(yùn)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的方法。2） 在設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)和掌握了通用液壓元件的選用，各類閥體的用途、組合方法和設(shè)計(jì)技能。3） 在這次的設(shè)計(jì)中不僅僅是液壓方面的知識(shí)，對計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)圖等各方面的知識(shí)、運(yùn)用于熟悉設(shè)計(jì)資料以及進(jìn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)估算等放面進(jìn)行一次調(diào)練，同時(shí)，通過設(shè)計(jì)培養(yǎng)了分析和解決生產(chǎn)實(shí)際問題的能力。4） 通過這次設(shè)計(jì)使我感到自己掌握的知識(shí)和我在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中的距離，在今后的工作中依然得繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。參考文獻(xiàn)1、液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊，楊培元、朱福元主編，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社。2、液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)第三版，官忠范主編，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社。3、液壓傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)手冊，煤炭工業(yè)部、煤炭科學(xué)研究院上海研究所主編，上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社。4、袖珍液壓氣動(dòng)手冊第二版，劉新德主編，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社。5、液壓傳動(dòng)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書，高等工程?？茖W(xué)校機(jī)制及液壓教學(xué)研究會(huì)液壓組主編。6、液壓傳動(dòng)與氣壓傳動(dòng)第二版，何存興、張鐵華主編，華中科技大學(xué)出版社。7、金屬鉆削機(jī)床液壓傳動(dòng)，章宏甲主編，江蘇科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社。8、工程機(jī)械液壓與液力傳動(dòng)，李芳民主編，人民交通出版社。9、新編液壓工程手冊，雷天覺主編，北京理工大學(xué)出版社。10、液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)圖集，周士昌主編，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社。26附件圖紙液壓系統(tǒng)工作原理.dwg液壓系統(tǒng)裝配圖A0.dwg液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖A1.dwg謝謝朋友對我文章的賞識(shí)，充值后就可以下載說明書。我這里還有一個(gè)壓縮包，里面有相應(yīng)的word說明書（附帶：外文翻譯）和CAD圖紙。需要壓縮包的朋友請聯(lián)系QQ客服：1459919609。下載后我可以將壓縮包免費(fèi)送給你。需要其他設(shè)計(jì)題目直接聯(lián)系！ 英文文獻(xiàn) HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT OF PLIABLE FORCE FOR MAINTENANCE AND MECHANICAL WORKINGAbstract.The collaboration between the Hydraulic and Pneumatic Acting Systems Engineering Department and the SC HYDRAMOLD SRL firm led to the realization of some performances products on the hydraulics and pneumatics segment.The paper proposes to offer the most representative hydraulic pliable equipments force for mechanical working and maintenance.A big part from the hydraulic equipments is patented or claim of patent,the technology and technological originality being totally part of those. Because the paper has a prevalent technical character,in the presentation will be got off especially the performance characteristics of the areas used and the hydraulic equipments advantages of the pliable force.Key words:hydraulic equipment,maintenance,mecanical working. 1. IntroductionThe multi-functional modular equipments,pliable,for mechanical working, that are based on the hydraulic drive are destined to the manufacturing plant IMM also to the manufacturing plant of maintenance of the big company framework from energetic,petrochemistry,transport.All the equipments what are adduced in work are submitted in the framework of DISAHP research and make the study of other papers.Taking account the finite space of a work,there will be proposed from the large palette of hydraulic pliable equipments force a new or modernized equipments series from each segment developed by the SC HYDRAMOLD SRL firm(pressure sources,hydraulic presses,hydraulic tools, hydraulic equipment of 3000 bar,hydraulic lift equipment),following as in the next works it will be published other modern hydraulic equipments. 2.Hydraulic Equipments Analysis Force 2.1 Pressure Sources The pressure sources of the force hydraulic equipments yielded by the SC HYDRAMOLD SRL are:the hydraulic acting units that have electric or thermal engine and the hydraulic manual or pedal pumps.Hydraulic drive unit description with electric engineThe electro-hydraulic drive units HUEH are high pressure sources for the hydraulic cylinder supplying with simple or double action from some equipments structure,hydraulic installations or appliances,and they work with relative small rate flow and pressures of until 700 bars,(Fig.1).The working developed pressure can be adjusted depending on task:30-700 bar. Fig.1The electro-hydraulic drive unit11- electric engine;2-multiplier;3-oil receiver;4-operators desk.Table 1AdvantagesThe electro-hydraulic drive unit advantages(HUEH)are:they offer the possibility to maintain into the pressure,respectively the hydraulic obstruct of the task and dispose of a precise setting of the pressure depending on the task until 700 bar;it allows the permanent control of the cylinder stroke and also the automatic commutation from the first step to the second pressure step respectively from the fast start to the technological breakthrough;it allows electric remote command,while the charging voltage is of 24 Vcc,having the oil temperature monitoring possibility and the automatic disconnect to the value of 55C;it has the hydraulic components of the hydraulic panel(pump,valve, slide valve)and it functions in optimal behavior to maximum from the half nominal pressure,providing for advanced reliability;it has a low level noise (under 70 db);it confers the simultaneous supplying possibility of 2,3 or 4 cylinders-through to an attached branch2,3.The hydraulic drive unit description with heat engineThe hydraulic drive units with heat engine(HUMUTH)proceed from the new products scale with a distinguished resilience into the field,and they function with small flow rate and pressures of until 700 bar,(fig.2).Fig.2The hydraulic drive unit with heat engine41- heat engine;2-multiplier;3-operators desk;4-oil receiver.Table 2The hydraulic drive unit characteristics with heat engine1.The hydraulic drive unit with heat engine has a manual command for thestart and the changing of the pressure steps from the 1st step to the 2nd step itmakes manual too4.AdvantagesThe hydraulic drive unit offers similar advantages with those presented at the hydraulic drive unit with electric engine.The additional advantage consists of the mobility into the field as the result of a low weight and it doesnt depend of a fixed power source(for example the connected of the unit to the line system).2.2.Hydraulic PressesThe hydraulic press workshop HPH-075 is composed from a stand shut framework(fixed top traverse columns,adjustable bottom traverse,basic plate) removable,a hydraulic cylinder with double action HCHD-075.150 installed on a transversal carriage,a plates set,pressing bolts and nuts,(Fig.3).Fig.3.The hydraulic press 75tf1- Basic plate;2-Columns;3-Bottom traverse;4-Hydraulic cylinder HCHD-075.125; 5-Top traverse;6-Pressing bolts;7-Pressing plates.Table 3The hydraulic press characteristics1.Among the direct applications of this hydraulic presses deserve reminded: pressing and gear puller off of the transmission shafts from the gear boxes; pressing and puller ball bearings from the attack pinions from the tapering groups;pressing and extraction from jammed subsets;cold deformation for various proof sample.AdvantagesThe hydraulic press has a modular construction,removable,having an indexed settlement system of the inferior traverse,at the various determinate heights of range of 75mm.The transverse carriage of press represents an easy settlement system of the hydraulic cylinder position allowing thus the pressing axle regulation;The hydraulic press has plates set,bolts and pressing nuts for the realization of all technological operations; From the press project result an optimal report between its weight and achieved force owing to the acting to maximum pressures 700 bar,as effect of a reduced weight it is easy of carried. 2.3.Hydraulic toolsThe hydraulic tool scale used in the mechanical processing and maintenance is various,with many applications in the mechanical engineering.There are reminded among these hydraulic tools:the device of the bending pipes and the hydraulic device of cutting.The Device Description of Bending PipesThe bending template,fixed on acting rod of the hydraulic cylinder and having the suitable skewers profile so pipe dimension as well as inflexion beam,it will act over pipe that follows to be distorted;the pipe guides on the two ferries of the rest,fixed between the device plates.The superior plate of the appliance it can bate to allow the introduction of the template and of the ferries of the rest(Fig.5). The device of bending pipes type HDIT.M-020.300 is an equipment, hydraulic driven and it is destined to the bending at cold of the installations pipes in the maintenance and repairs sectors. Table 4 The device characteristics of bending pipes1 Fig.5.The device of bending pipes11- Tripod;2-Fixed plate;3-Turnover plate;4-Bolt;5-Hydraulic cylinder HCHD-020.300,6-Form. Table 5The working characteristics of device of bending pipes HDIT.M-020.3001 The Hydraulic Device Description of Cutting 20tfThe device is formed from a metallic body,realized through welded construction,a hydraulic cylinder with simple action HCHS-020.028,a movable knife jointly mounted with the cylinder rod and a fixed knife body, (Fig.6).The hydraulic cylinder acting it realizes through the connection to a highpressure source(manual pump HPHM-700 or hydraulic pedal pump HPHP-700),through a fast coupling and hydraulic flexible pipe.The semi-finished product it installs between the two knives,while the cutting knife and the counter-knife establish the debiting of the semi-finished product from the steel.The retirement of the cutting knife it realizes by a spring incorporated into a cylinder.The hydraulic device of cutting HFMO-020.028 is a hydraulic drive device,used in the producing processes and maintenance with the view of cuttings at cold of the circular,square,hexagonal and flat bars steel.The movable knife run is of 28mmand the maximum pressure 700bar,1.Fig.6.The hydraulic device of cutting 20tf1-2-Movable knife;3-Fixed knife;4-Feed nipple with oil under pressure.Table 6The working characteristics of hydraulic device of cutting type HFMO-020.028,1.AdvantagesThere are important to notice,among the hydraulic device advantages of cutting:the compact structure and modern design;the easy drivability and the reduced weight;it eliminates the useless physicals work of the operator;it lowers the appropriated time procedure. Scaling Behaviour of Pressure-Driven Micro-Hydraulic SystemsABSTRACTThis paper presents a lumped network approach for the modelling and design of micro-hydraulic systems.A hydraulic oscillator has been built consisting of hydraulic resistors,capacitors and transistors(pressure controlled valves).The scaling of micro-hydraulic networks consisting of linear resistors,capacitors and inertances has been studied.An important result is that to make smaller networks faster,driving pressures should increase with reducing size. 1 INTRODUCTIONMicro-hydraulic systems can be modeled and designed using a generalized physical system description1,2.This approach is based on the assumption that it is possible toseparate and concentrate properties of a system into interconnected subsystems.It has proven its great value in the design of electronic circuits.The lumped network approach also offers a powerful design tool for microfluidic systems3-5.To illustrate the far-reaching analogy between different physical domains,we have rebuilt an electronic astable multivibrator network in the hydraulic domain4.The system consists of hydraulic capacitors, resistors,transistors and(parasitic)coils.Based on this micro-hydraulic system the scaling behaviour of low Re (Reynolds number)hydraulic systems has been analyzed. 2 HYDRAULIC FUNDAMENTALS In every physical domain a conserved quantity q can be distinguished1.The flow is the rate of exchange of this conserved quantity between subsystems.In the hydraulic domain the flow variable is the volume flow. The effort is the tension that governs the exchange of the conserved quantity between subsystems.In the hydraulicdomain the effort variable is the pressure pPa.2.1 Hydraulic Resistors The hydraulic resistor physically is a liquid flow restriction,symbolically represented as in fig.1a.For a linear flow resistor,the resistance R is defined by:Where p12=p1p2 is the pressure drop across the resistor, and the volume flow through the resistor.At sufficient low Re the flow in a duct is laminar and fully developed (Poisseuille flow),and the pressure drop p across the duct is proportional to the volume flow rate.For a duct of arbitrary cross section the resistance is given by6:Where f is the Fanning friction factor,L is the length of the channel,is the viscosity of the liquid,Dh the hydrodynamic diameter,and A the cross sectional area.For a laminar fully developed flow the product f*Re=k,a dimensionless constant only depending on the shape of the cross section.The hydraulic resistors we have tested,were realized by anisotropic KOH-etching into asilicon wafer and closing of the channel by anodic bonding of a glass wafer onto the silicon.Fig.1b-d show a side view,a cross section and a top view of the implemented restrictionsrespectively.Figure 1:Hydraulic resistor.a)Symbolic representationb)Side-view of realized restrictions c)Cross section ofealized restrictions d)Top view of a realized restriction.For these triangular channels with a top width of 2w the resistance is given by:The limits of the linear regime have been determined analytically and verified experimentally for liquids7. Entrance and exit effects result in a non-linear relationbetween p12 and.They can be neglected if the channel is long compared to the hydrodynamic entrance length.At low Re the entrance length Lhy increases linearly with Re.For circular channels with a diameter d this is expressed by 6: 2.2 Hydraulic CapacitorsThe hydraulic capacitor physically is an elastic membrane across which a pressure difference can be maintained.It is symbolically represented in fig.2a.The capacitor establishes a relation between the pressure drop across the membrane and the displaced volume.For a linear capacitor the capacitance C is defined by:Where V is the volume of the displaced liquid by bending of the membrane.Because the volume V is created by accumulation of the volume flow,(5)can be rewritten tofind a relation between effort and flow:Figure 2:Hydraulic capacitor a)Symbolic representation b)Cross section of a capacitor realized in glass-silicon-glass technology,showing the deflection of the membrane under influence of a pressure difference.Fig.2b shows a cross section of a capacitor realized in a glass-silicon-glass sandwich.For deflections smaller than the thickness of the membrane there is a linear relation between the applied pressure difference and the membrane deflection.In this case a simple expression for the capacitance can be derived:Where a is the radius of the membrane,and D is the flexural rigidity of the membrane,defined by ,in which E Pa is the Youngs modulus,- the Poissions ratio,and hm the thickness of the membrane.中文翻譯柔韌力液壓設(shè)備維修和機(jī)械加工摘要：液壓和氣動(dòng)代理系統(tǒng)工程部門和SC HYDRAMOLD SRL公司的合作實(shí)現(xiàn)了一些表演上的液壓與氣動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)品. 文章提出了提供最具代表性的為機(jī)械加工和維護(hù)液壓圓滑設(shè)備力量。液壓設(shè)備的大部分組成部分是有專利的或是專利的要求，技術(shù)或技術(shù)創(chuàng)新即這些專利的整個(gè)部分 因?yàn)槲恼掠幸粋€(gè)普遍的技術(shù)特征，在演示文稿將完成特別是使用地區(qū)和液壓設(shè)備的柔韌力優(yōu)勢的性能特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：液壓裝置、維修、力學(xué)性能工作。介紹使機(jī)械工作具有柔韌性的多功能模塊化設(shè)備，這在液壓傳動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)了IMM的生產(chǎn)廠從有力的石化，交通方面的公司向維護(hù)大公司的框架生產(chǎn)公司的轉(zhuǎn)化。所有的同時(shí)考慮到有限的工作空間，將有提出從大型液壓設(shè)備的調(diào)色板柔韌力由公司的SC HYDRAMOLD（壓力源，液壓機(jī)，液壓工具，液壓設(shè)備而開發(fā)的每一段新的或現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備系列3000酒吧，液壓升降設(shè)備），在它下面將公布下一液壓設(shè)備等現(xiàn)代作品。在工作中用到的設(shè)備呈現(xiàn)在DISAHP框架研究報(bào)告中并對其他文件作了研究。2. 液壓設(shè)備分析力2.1壓力源力量水力設(shè)備的壓力來源由SC HYDRAMOLD SRL產(chǎn)生了是：有電或熱量引擎和水力指南或腳蹬泵浦的水力代理單位 與電引擎的水力驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置描述電動(dòng)液壓的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置HUEH是供應(yīng)以簡單或雙重行動(dòng)的液壓缸的高壓來源從一些設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)、水力設(shè)施或者裝置，并且他們與直到700個(gè)酒吧一起使用相對小率流程和壓力， (Fig.1)。工作被發(fā)展的壓力可以根據(jù)任務(wù)被調(diào)整：30-700吧。 Fig.1電動(dòng)液壓的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置11- 電引擎; 2乘算器; 3油接收器; 4-工作臺(tái)。表 1電動(dòng)液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置特點(diǎn)1油接收器l 10;20;30;40電引擎kw 1.5-4高壓流速l/min 0.5-1.5低壓流速l/min 6-16最大壓力吧 700重量kg 84-176 優(yōu)勢電動(dòng)液壓的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置好處(HUEH)是：他們提供可能性維護(hù)入壓力，各自水力阻礙任務(wù)并且根據(jù)直到700吧的任務(wù)處理壓力的一個(gè)精確設(shè)置; 它允許圓筒沖程的永久控制并且從第一步的自動(dòng)換向到第二壓力步分別從快速的開始到技術(shù)突破; 它允許電遙遠(yuǎn)的命令，而電荷電勢是24 Vcc，有油溫監(jiān)視可能性和自動(dòng)斷開對55C的價(jià)值; 它有水力盤區(qū)(泵浦、閥門，滑閥)的液壓元件，并且它在優(yōu)選的行為起作用對從半公稱壓力的最大值，提供先進(jìn)的可靠性; 它有低級噪聲(在70 db以下); 它同時(shí)供應(yīng)的可能性的2,3或4圓筒通過對一個(gè)附上分支2,3。 用熱引擎的液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置描述用熱引擎(HUMUTH)的液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置從與卓越的韌性的新產(chǎn)品標(biāo)度入領(lǐng)域和他們進(jìn)行起作用與直到700吧小流速和壓力， (fig.2)。 圖2-熱發(fā)電機(jī)的液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置41 - 熱機(jī)，2加速器; 3操作臺(tái)，4油接收器 表 2 用熱引擎1的水力驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置特征 油接收器L 10 電動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率kw 1.2 高壓流速L/min 0.35 低壓流速L/min 3.3 最大壓力巴 700 重量Kg 40 用熱機(jī)的液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置有一個(gè)開始的命令，壓力的變化從第一步到第二步同樣使人工操作化4. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)水力驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置提供與那些的相似的好處被提出在與電引擎的水力驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。另外的好處包括流動(dòng)性到由于低重量的領(lǐng)域里和它不依靠一個(gè)固定的電源(例如被連接對于系統(tǒng)的單元)。 2.2液壓機(jī)液壓機(jī)是用于各種各樣的應(yīng)用的設(shè)備例如：冷的變形、切割，固化，煞車皮和推力板， 壓力軸承拉出器。這些水壓機(jī)可以為其他適合他們是需要的機(jī)械的應(yīng)用按提取強(qiáng)迫要求作用。 液壓機(jī)描述水壓機(jī)車間HPH-075從被關(guān)閉的立場組成框架(固定的上面橫斷專欄、可調(diào)整的底部橫斷，基本的板材) 可移動(dòng)的，在具有雙重作用的HCHD-075.150的液壓缸上安裝的一橫截支架，被設(shè)置的板材，按螺栓和螺母， (Fig.3)。 Fig.3.液壓機(jī)75tf1基本盤; 2專欄；3底部橫斷；4液壓缸HCHD-075.125; 5上部橫斷; 6壓力螺栓; 7壓力板材。 表3液壓機(jī)特點(diǎn) 力tf 70 沖程mm 150 壓力bar 700在直接應(yīng)用這之中水壓機(jī)該當(dāng)提醒：脫套和齒輪制帽工人從工具箱的傳動(dòng)軸; 從攻擊小齒輪末端的緊迫和制帽滾珠軸承從逐漸變細(xì)的小組; 從被阻塞的子集的按和提取; 各種各樣的證明樣品的冷的變形。 優(yōu)點(diǎn)液壓機(jī)具有?；瘶?gòu)造，可移動(dòng)，并且有下等橫斷的一個(gè)被標(biāo)注的解決系統(tǒng)，在各種各樣的75 mm的范圍的確定高度。鍛壓橫向支架代表液壓缸位置的一個(gè)容易的解決系統(tǒng)因而允許緊迫的軌章程; 液壓機(jī)有實(shí)現(xiàn)所有技術(shù)操作的板材設(shè)置，螺栓和緊迫螺母; 從這個(gè)項(xiàng)目結(jié)果，因?yàn)闇p少的重量的作用它是容易運(yùn)載，在它的重量和達(dá)到的力量之間的一個(gè)優(yōu)選的報(bào)告由于行動(dòng)對最大值達(dá)到700吧。 2.3 液壓工具在機(jī)械加工和維修的過程中使用的工具是多種多樣的，許過應(yīng)用在機(jī)械工程里。那些在液壓工具之中被提到的：彎曲管道的設(shè)備和切割的液壓設(shè)備。彎曲的管子的設(shè)備描述彎曲的模板，固定在液壓缸的代理標(biāo)尺和有適當(dāng)?shù)拇璩?，因此用管道輸送維度并且變化射線，它將行動(dòng)在跟隨被變形的管子; 在休息的二條輪渡的管子指南，固定在設(shè)備板材之間。它可能降低允許模板介紹和剩余裝置的優(yōu)越板材(Fig.5)的渡輪。 彎曲管子類型設(shè)備HDIT.M 020.300是液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)備，并且它注定在維護(hù)的并且修理區(qū)段的設(shè)施管子寒冷時(shí)彎曲。表 4 彎管的設(shè)備特點(diǎn)描述1 過載tf 200 沖程mm 60 管直徑 2”-4” 壓力bar 700 圖5 彎管設(shè)備1 1三腳架; 2固定板材; 3轉(zhuǎn)板; 4螺栓;5 HCHD-020.300,6型液壓缸 表 5HDIT.M-020.300型彎管設(shè)備的工作特點(diǎn)1管的彎曲外徑toli/mm3/8171/221,253/43/426,4133,511/442,2511/248,25260壁厚mm2,753,25 3,5444,254,5形式曲率半徑 mm5064 90120 150200 235最大彎曲角度 grad 120 指導(dǎo)數(shù) 2支 ， 普遍的切割20tf的力的液壓設(shè)備的描述設(shè)備有一個(gè)金屬體，通過被焊接的構(gòu)造實(shí)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)構(gòu)造就是簡型HCHS-020.028液壓缸。一個(gè)可以一個(gè)可以移動(dòng)的刀具和液壓桿和一個(gè)固定的刀體裝在一起，（如圖6）.實(shí)行操作的液壓缸通過與一個(gè)高壓源（HPHP-700的人工泵或液壓腳蹬泵），通過一個(gè)快速的聯(lián)結(jié)和液壓的靈活的管子。半成品位于兩把刀具之間，而切割刀和柜臺(tái)刀建立從鋼的半成品中除去，它安裝在二把刀子之間的半成品，而切刀和柜臺(tái)刀子建立扣除從鋼的半成品。它在春天之前體會(huì)被合并到圓筒里切刀的退休。切開HFMO-020.028水力設(shè)備是一個(gè)水力推進(jìn)設(shè)備，用于生產(chǎn)的過程和維護(hù)有切口看法在鋼圓，方形，六角和的扁桿的寒冷?？梢苿?dòng)的刀子奔跑是28 mm和最大壓力700 吧， 1。 圖6-切割20tf的力的液壓設(shè)備1-金屬體；2-移動(dòng)刀；3-固定刀；4-用壓力油的油口。 表 6HFMO-020.028型切割型號(hào)的液壓設(shè)備的工作特點(diǎn)。1 優(yōu)點(diǎn)在這些液壓設(shè)備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)中有一些重要的值得去注意：緊密的結(jié)構(gòu);簡單的操作和減少的重量；它可以除去工人無用的勞作；降低了時(shí)間過程。壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)的微型液壓系統(tǒng)的縮放行為 摘要 本文提出了一種對微型液壓系統(tǒng)的成型與設(shè)計(jì)的一種混合網(wǎng)狀方法。被修造了的包括水力電阻器、容積和交換器(壓力控制閥)的一臺(tái)液壓振蕩器。包括線性電阻器、容積和的微水力網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)垢被學(xué)習(xí)了。一個(gè)重要結(jié)果是使更小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)更加快速的那，推進(jìn)壓力應(yīng)該增加與減少大小。1介紹 微型液壓系統(tǒng)建模這種假設(shè)和設(shè)計(jì)，可以使用一個(gè)廣義的物理系統(tǒng)的描述1,2。這種方法是基于一種假設(shè)，這種假設(shè)就是它可能分開和集中系統(tǒng)的部分進(jìn)入相互聯(lián)系的子系統(tǒng)，它已證明了其在電路設(shè)計(jì)中的電路設(shè)計(jì)中的大的價(jià)值。泵的網(wǎng)狀方法的液壓系統(tǒng)3-5給微流體系統(tǒng)的功能強(qiáng)大的設(shè)計(jì)工具。為了說明不同物理領(lǐng)域的深遠(yuǎn)的比喻，我們已在液壓領(lǐng)域建立了一個(gè)電子無穩(wěn)態(tài)多諧網(wǎng)絡(luò)4.液壓系統(tǒng)由容器，阻抗器，(寄生)卷組成?；谖⑿鸵簤合到y(tǒng)的低重（雷諾數(shù)）的液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析。 2液壓原理 在每個(gè)物理領(lǐng)域被保存的數(shù)量q可以被區(qū)分的1。流速在子系統(tǒng)之間保存的數(shù)量交換率。在液壓領(lǐng)域流程可變物是容量流。 作用是處理被保存的數(shù)量交換在子系統(tǒng)之間的緊張。在液壓領(lǐng)域作用可變物是壓力p Pa。21液壓阻抗器液壓阻抗是對液體流動(dòng)的限制，象征性地在表示在fig.1a中，因?yàn)榫€性流阻，阻力R定義為：那里p12=p1p2是橫跨阻抗器的降壓，和 容量流經(jīng)阻抗器。在充足低關(guān)于在輸送管的流程是層流和充分發(fā)展的(流程)，并且橫跨輸送管的降壓p與體積流率成比例。對于任意橫剖面輸送管給抵抗6 ： 這里f是扇面摩擦因子， L是渠道的長度、是液體的黏度， Dh水力直徑和A是橫截面面積。為層流充分發(fā)展的流程產(chǎn)品f*Re=k，一個(gè)無維的僅常數(shù)根據(jù)橫剖面的形狀。我們對非均質(zhì)性的酸值蝕刻測試了，體會(huì)入渠道和結(jié)束由玻璃簿塊正極接合的在硅上的水力阻抗器。Fig.1b-d展示一張側(cè)視圖、被使用的一個(gè)橫剖面和一張頂視圖。 圖1 ：水力阻抗器.a)象征性的代表b)受制約的邊角度c)橫剖面d)頂視圖。對于與2w的頂面寬度的這些三角渠道的阻抗： 分析確定了線性體的極限并且為液體7實(shí)驗(yàn)性地被核實(shí)了。 入口和出口作用導(dǎo)致了在 p12和之間的非線性聯(lián)系。如果渠道是長的與水力入口長度比較，它們可以被忽略。由于低雷諾數(shù)，入口長度Lhy隨著雷諾數(shù)線性地增加。帶有直徑d的圓形渠道可以被6表達(dá)：2.2液壓容器 液壓容器完全是壓力區(qū)別可以被維護(hù)的一個(gè)彈性膜。在fig.2a中容器象征性地代表建立在降壓橫跨面和被偏移的容量之間的聯(lián)系。對于一臺(tái)線性電容器電容C可以被定義： 這里V是被偏移的液體的容量通過的彎曲膜。由于容量v由容量流的儲(chǔ)積造成， (5)是被重寫并發(fā)現(xiàn)在作用和流程之間的聯(lián)系：圖2 ：在玻璃硅玻璃技術(shù)下的電容器的水力電容器a)象征b)橫剖面，顯示膜的偏折在壓力區(qū)別的影響之下。 Fig.2b顯示了在玻璃硅玻璃夾心中的電容器的一個(gè)橫剖面。對于偏折小于膜的厚度有在應(yīng)用的壓力區(qū)別和膜偏折之間的一個(gè)線性關(guān)系。在這種情況下電容的一個(gè)簡單表達(dá)式可以獲得：那里a膜的半徑和D是膜的彎曲堅(jiān)硬，定義由， E Pa是典型、 的比率和h m膜的厚度。