玉米脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)1

玉米脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)1,玉米,脫粒機(jī),設(shè)計(jì) 湘潭大學(xué)興湘學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文題 目： 玉米脫粒機(jī) 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 號(hào)： 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成日期： 2014-5-29 目 錄摘要1 關(guān)鍵詞 1 1 前言22 總體方案擬定22.1 工作原理分析 3 2.2 方案與技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)33 玉米脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算4 3.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇4 3.2 脫粒軸的設(shè)計(jì)63.2.1 最小脫粒軸直徑 6 3.2.2 脫粒軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)7 3.2.3 軸的校核 83.3 釘齒條的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 11 3.3.1 釘齒條的功用11 3.3.2 釘齒條的結(jié)構(gòu)及選材123.4 釘齒的設(shè)計(jì) 13 3.5 圓盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)13 3.5.1 圓盤(pán)的特點(diǎn)13 3.5.2 圓盤(pán)的結(jié)構(gòu)及材料143.6 柵格式凹版的設(shè)計(jì) 14 3.6.1 柵格式凹版的功能14 3.6.2 柵格式凹版的選用153.7 柵格托架的選用 16 3.8 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的設(shè)計(jì)16 3.8.1 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的選擇16 3.8.2 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的結(jié)構(gòu)173.9 上蓋的設(shè)計(jì) 18 3.10 鍵的選擇與校核 19 3.10.1 軸上鍵的選擇 19 3.10.2 鍵的校核 193.11 軸承的選擇和校核 19 3.11.1 軸承的型號(hào) 19 3.11.2 軸承的校核203.12 玉米脫粒機(jī)上蓋螺栓的選擇 20 3.12.1 螺栓的強(qiáng)度校核20 3.12.2 螺栓的型號(hào)選擇214 結(jié)論21參考文獻(xiàn)22致謝23玉米脫粒機(jī)主要零部件設(shè)計(jì)學(xué) 生：指導(dǎo)老師：（湘潭大學(xué)興湘學(xué)院） 摘 要：為了減少農(nóng)民在脫去玉米粒的時(shí)候時(shí)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、提高其農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率,所以設(shè)計(jì)玉米脫粒機(jī)。該機(jī)主要有入料口、柵格式凹板和釘齒脫粒滾筒及傳動(dòng)部件等組成。以電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力源，動(dòng)力由電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出軸輸出，再通過(guò)傳動(dòng)帶傳遞到釘齒脫粒滾筒上，釘齒脫粒滾筒配合柵格式凹板將玉米脫粒，玉米粒從柵格式凹板分離并排出機(jī)體外，而玉米芯從入料的另一端排出機(jī)體之外。其工藝流程：玉米穗通過(guò)入料斗進(jìn)料口進(jìn)入釘齒滾筒，在高速回轉(zhuǎn)釘齒滾筒的沖擊和玉米穗、釘齒滾筒，柵格式凹版的相互作用下被脫粒。脫下的籽粒通過(guò)柵格式凹版由出粒板滑出機(jī)體，而玉米芯則隨著螺旋排列的釘齒由出芯口排出機(jī)體。為了保證有玉米穗順利的喂入而不堵塞滾筒，進(jìn)料口下底板應(yīng)該有一定的斜度，玉米芯排出口應(yīng)與籽粒排出口保持一定的距離，以免玉米芯與籽粒相混雜。玉米脫粒機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率決定于配套動(dòng)力的大小。其功率消耗可按1kw.h的功可脫6001000kg已撥皮的玉米穗計(jì)算。未剝皮的玉米穗直接進(jìn)行脫粒時(shí)，其生產(chǎn)率約為30%50%。 關(guān)鍵詞：脫粒機(jī),入料裝置,脫粒裝置The Design of the Main Parts of Corn Threshing MachineAuthor:Tang Zheng-pingTutor:Qin Heng-feng(Oriental Science Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128)Abstract: In oder to reducing a peasant during the period of the maize threshes, the intensity of labour, raises working efficiency , designs Corn threshing machine. Be machines turn to have mainly enter expect that the mouth , bars form notch board and nail tooth the cylinder threshing and drive component etc. are composed of. Take electric motor as driving force source, driving force exports axis output from the electric motor , the nail tooth seed-husking cylinder threshes on the cylinder threshing again by the fact that belt delivery arrives at the nail tooth, coordinating bars form notch board with the corns, besides seeds complies with bars form notch board separation and the outside discharging airframe, but the maize core discharges airframe from another one end entering material.Its process flow :The corn ears though hopper entering the threshing device, under the high speed rolling cylinder which installed the nails crash and the corn ears squeeze with the notch board, the seed will be drained. Than drained seeds will through the board slipped outside. Cob drained outside under the spiral nails help.In oder to make corn ears fluently entering the body ,and can not clog th the body ,the steel board of the bottom of hopper, should be designed set a angle .The corncob escapement should maintain certain distance with the grain escapement, in order to avoid the corncob and the grain are mixed.Corn threshings production efficiency decides in the necessary power size. Its power dissipation may be possible to escape 6001000kg according to the 1kw.h merit to dial the corn skin computation. That has not skinned when directly the corn carries on the seed extraction, its productivity approximately is 30%50%.Key words: Threshing machine,Enter device, Thresher device1 前言隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，生活中的每一個(gè)角落都有機(jī)器的參與。農(nóng)業(yè)是我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)、是國(guó)家發(fā)展的根本，機(jī)械化的普及，不僅使農(nóng)業(yè)加強(qiáng)了農(nóng)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，同時(shí)也減輕了農(nóng)民的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)北方地區(qū)種植小麥、玉米等農(nóng)作物約占我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的45%以上，同年出口量北方地區(qū)占全國(guó)達(dá)20%左右。因此我國(guó)北方地區(qū)更需要實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，從而提高農(nóng)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，玉米脫粒機(jī)就是一種代替人工勞作實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米脫里的小型機(jī)械。玉米脫粒機(jī)是玉米脫皮后，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的風(fēng)干，然后將玉米利用脫粒機(jī)使玉米和玉米芯分開(kāi)，這種機(jī)械就是玉米脫粒機(jī)。它的工作原理是：玉米脫粒機(jī)在進(jìn)行玉米脫粒時(shí)，利用釘齒滾筒回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的釘齒與柵格式凹板之間的間隙相配合，使玉米粒拖下（釘齒滾筒和柵格式凹板之間的揉搓作用，將玉米粒脫離玉米芯，并借助其他的機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)將玉米粒和玉米芯分別從兩個(gè)不同的出口排出機(jī)體之外，循環(huán)脫粒，不斷的進(jìn)行填入-脫粒-排出機(jī)體。2 總體方案擬定2.1 工作原理分析為了更優(yōu)化玉米脫離機(jī)的機(jī)型和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，此玉米脫粒機(jī)采用電力拖動(dòng)，而且電動(dòng)機(jī)也同樣采取節(jié)能式，電動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在玉米脫粒機(jī)的下部，與脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架的下機(jī)梁固定連接，這樣可以節(jié)省電動(dòng)機(jī)所占用的空間。玉米脫粒機(jī)的從入料到脫粒到分離玉米粒和玉米芯，最后將玉米粒和玉米芯排出機(jī)體之外，是玉米脫粒機(jī)一體完成的，它最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以完成幾個(gè)人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，從而提高了工作效率，節(jié)省了勞動(dòng)時(shí)間。此玉米脫粒機(jī)有這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)之外，還有安全性能高、效率高、堅(jiān)固耐用、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單便于維修和保管。同時(shí)為了改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有脫粒機(jī)的現(xiàn)有狀態(tài)，提高工作效率，所以該機(jī)有由入料口、釘齒脫粒滾筒軸、柵格式凹板、機(jī)架等部分組成。整體組成如圖1所示：入料斗與進(jìn)料口與玉米脫粒機(jī)的上蓋部分相連，它是利用2mm米厚的鐵板制成，入料部位與釘齒滾筒的釘齒部位相切，將已撥皮的玉米從入料口進(jìn)入，下滑到脫粒部位，即釘齒滾筒和柵格式凹板之間，進(jìn)行脫粒。脫粒部分主要是由釘齒滾筒、柵格式凹板、半圓型上蓋組成。玉米穗在釘齒滾筒和柵格式凹板之間進(jìn)行脫粒，將已脫下的玉米粒從柵格式凹板的縫隙漏下，落到下滑板，排出機(jī)體之外，玉米芯借助于滾筒上的螺旋排列的釘齒的螺旋推力和螺旋導(dǎo)向作用，由入料斗的另一端（即出料口）排出機(jī)體之外。落下籽粒分主要是柵格式凹板完成的它是由一定數(shù)量的鐵條及兩條主要梁和兩條副梁組成，每?jī)筛F條之間的縫隙可以將玉米卡住，然后快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的釘齒滾筒將被卡死的玉米強(qiáng)行脫粒，當(dāng)然，無(wú)論是工作時(shí)還是安裝時(shí)，柵格式凹板是固定不動(dòng)的。玉米脫粒之后，再將玉米粒經(jīng)過(guò)柵格式凹板，從凹板的縫隙漏出，順著斜滑板滑出機(jī)體之外，目的是將玉米和玉米芯分開(kāi)。2.2 方案與技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)和脫粒機(jī)的介紹，有關(guān)玉米脫粒機(jī)的相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)的參考數(shù)據(jù)：脫粒機(jī)主軸為轉(zhuǎn)速一般為600900r/min ，柵格式凹板的直徑為一般為320mm左右 ，由于設(shè)計(jì)的玉米脫粒機(jī)脫粒能力較大所以其凹板的長(zhǎng)度為803mm，在滾筒的設(shè)計(jì)上，一改傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，大膽采用釘齒條代替滾筒，并在主軸上設(shè)有四條釘齒條，每條釘齒條上均勻分布著8個(gè)釘齒，總共32個(gè)釘齒呈螺旋均勻安裝，以便玉米芯隨螺旋釘齒的螺旋作用排出機(jī)體之外，釘齒滾筒的直徑為240mm，滾筒上的釘齒長(zhǎng)度為42mm。圖1總體結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.1 Overall structural diagram3 玉米脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算3.1 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查得每個(gè)釘齒的均勻受力為40 ，當(dāng)玉米脫粒機(jī)正常工作時(shí)釘齒滾筒上的釘齒條快速旋轉(zhuǎn)，其中均有兩條釘齒條受玉米所給的切向力，而另外兩個(gè)釘齒條是空行程。 （1）即玉米脫粒機(jī)正常工作時(shí)，受到的切向力為640N 。其中：N釘齒所受的力 M參與工作的釘齒個(gè)數(shù) Z參與工作的釘齒條數(shù)釘齒條上的釘齒轉(zhuǎn)速根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)釘齒頂圓直徑為200300mm當(dāng)玉米脫粒機(jī)的釘齒滾筒快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，其上釘齒條的釘齒同樣有一定的轉(zhuǎn)速，這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)速原于主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速和釘齒的半徑，即 (2) 其中：釘齒的轉(zhuǎn)速 脫粒機(jī)主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速 釘齒距軸心的距離釘齒滾筒的轉(zhuǎn)速玉米脫粒機(jī)所需功率為，應(yīng)由脫粒機(jī)的工作阻力和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)求定，即 （3）計(jì)算求得 電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率電動(dòng)機(jī)功率由公式 （4）來(lái)計(jì)算，脫粒機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置的總效率，應(yīng)由組成傳動(dòng)裝置的各個(gè)部分運(yùn)動(dòng)副的效率之積，即 （5） 其中、 分別為每一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)副的效率，選取傳動(dòng)副的效率值如下：滾動(dòng)軸承（每對(duì)）0.980.995 即取 =0.99 V帶傳動(dòng) 0.940.97 即取 =0.96 滾筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) （因?yàn)獒旪X條固定于滾筒上） 即取 =1 則 由此可得電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率：電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速根據(jù)資料農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)一書(shū)可查得主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速在 600900r/min，按機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū)中表一所推薦的傳動(dòng)比合理取值范圍，即可滿(mǎn)足電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速與主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速相匹配，符合這一范圍的同步電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的有720r/min,970r/min，1440r/min，根據(jù)容量和相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)速，由機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查出三種適宜的電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)，最總選定， Y132M-4為適合機(jī)型 額定功率7.5kw 滿(mǎn)載轉(zhuǎn)速1440r/min 重量81kg電動(dòng)機(jī)的型號(hào)和技術(shù)參數(shù)及傳動(dòng)比 。 綜臺(tái)考慮電動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)裝置的尺寸、重量以及帶傳動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)比，。因此選定電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為Y132M1-4。所選電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率7.5kw，滿(mǎn)載轉(zhuǎn)速=1400rmin，總傳動(dòng)比適中，傳動(dòng)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊。其中心高H為132外形尺寸為475345315底腳安裝尺寸AB為 280 地腳螺釘直徑K為 鍵安裝部位尺寸 為103338 電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出軸尺寸G為。3.2 脫粒軸的設(shè)計(jì)3.2.1 最小脫粒軸直徑傳動(dòng)軸是玉米脫粒機(jī)的主要設(shè)計(jì)部件之一，他在玉米脫粒機(jī)正常工作過(guò)程中，承擔(dān)主要轉(zhuǎn)矩、扭矩、彎矩和支撐傳動(dòng)軸上的回轉(zhuǎn)零件，玉米脫粒是瞬時(shí)沖擊很大，而且沖擊次數(shù)很頻繁的工作環(huán)境，因此傳動(dòng)軸的設(shè)計(jì)是很關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)步驟。它的主要公用是：一是支持軸上所安裝的回轉(zhuǎn)零件，使其有確定的工作位置；而是傳遞軸上的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力。軸按照軸線(xiàn)形狀的不同，可以分為曲軸、直軸、撓性軸。根據(jù)玉米脫粒機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和組成形狀及工作強(qiáng)度和環(huán)境的要求，玉米脫粒機(jī)的主軸選用直軸形式傳遞，而且選用直軸中的階梯軸。此軸的設(shè)計(jì)如下： 根據(jù)軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度來(lái)初步計(jì)算確定其最小直徑，可利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式： （6） 其中：軸常用的幾種材料的的值 主軸上的功率，單位kw主軸上的轉(zhuǎn)速 單位r/min 軸上的材料選取調(diào)質(zhì)處理的45號(hào)鋼， ， ， ，取 ，于是得 輸入軸上的最小直徑顯然是安裝帶輪的內(nèi)孔，必在軸上開(kāi)有鍵槽，因此，為了開(kāi)鍵槽又不消耗輸出軸的強(qiáng)度，可以使周的直徑增加5%以上，這樣增加輸出軸的尺寸，因而可以提高軸的工作強(qiáng)度。即 （7）3.2.2 脫粒軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主輸出軸的最小直徑是安裝帶輪處的直徑，為了使所選的軸直徑與帶輪相配合，故使輸出軸端的軸徑選為25mm。根據(jù)傳動(dòng)帶論設(shè)計(jì)可以得知，帶輪的L為63mm則取輸出軸的次段軸徑為，其長(zhǎng)度為。根據(jù)軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長(zhǎng)度為了滿(mǎn)足帶輪的軸向定位要求，軸段右端需要制出一個(gè)軸肩，故取軸的軸的左端第二節(jié)段的軸直徑 ，輸出軸的徑向定位由普通平鍵來(lái)完成。選用鍵的型號(hào)為普通平鍵。鍵的型號(hào)可以通過(guò)查機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)一書(shū)取得。初步選擇輸出入軸系,軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2。脫粒機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和相關(guān)尺寸可知所設(shè)計(jì)的軸上裝有帶輪和釘齒滾筒，其上的釘齒承螺旋排列，但由于受力不大可以忽略它的受力。又根據(jù)，初步選取支撐的軸承為相心球軸承，在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查得深溝球球軸承的型號(hào)為6006，它的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸為，故取段與段的直徑相等，即?？紤]到機(jī)體的制造誤差等原因造成的安裝錯(cuò)位或是借口不齊等，滾動(dòng)軸承應(yīng)在機(jī)體內(nèi)有一段移動(dòng)的位移，查機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)可等位移量。取安裝釘齒的軸段的直徑為，軸承與軸肩用軸承座固定，左、右兩端采用的軸承用軸承座固定軸承，在軸段左端開(kāi)始5mm處開(kāi)始焊接圓盤(pán)，同理，右端也是，焊接釘齒滾筒，已知釘齒滾筒長(zhǎng)為。圖2軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.2 Shaft basic structure diagram確定輸出軸上的倒角按前面所述的原則，求出軸肩處的圓角半徑的值，詳細(xì)見(jiàn)圖。軸端倒角在軸的兩端均為，小軸肩為軸肩的作用是使階梯直軸在軸徑改變截面上減小應(yīng)力集中。3.2.3 軸的校核按彎扭合成條件校核軸的強(qiáng)度以及作軸的分析如圖3輸出軸上的所受作用力的大小 根據(jù)公式： （8） 求得 其中 電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率 主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速 圖3軸強(qiáng)度校核圖Fig.3 The shaft intensity map 即 釘齒條上的合力 根據(jù)公式： （9） 求得 其中 ：d輸出軸的軸心到釘齒定的距離即 根據(jù)公式 （10） 求得其中：80%徑向力占圓周力的百分?jǐn)?shù) （根據(jù)脫粒機(jī)查得）即 求軸上的支反力大?。?根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)書(shū)中提供的設(shè)計(jì)校核依據(jù)，求支反力大小。 （11） （12） （13） （14） 帶入數(shù)據(jù)得在水平面內(nèi)，軸上 計(jì)算軸所受的彎矩和扭矩，并校核軸的強(qiáng)度：根據(jù)公式 ： （15） （16）總彎矩為 （17）彎扭合成 （18）進(jìn)行校核時(shí)，通常只校核軸上承受最大當(dāng)量彎矩的強(qiáng)度?？烧鎸?duì)某些危險(xiǎn)截面（即彎矩和扭矩大而軸頸可能不足的界面）做完你合成強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算。按第三強(qiáng)度理論。計(jì)算應(yīng)力。 （19）通常由彎矩所產(chǎn)生的彎曲應(yīng)力是對(duì)稱(chēng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力，而由扭矩所產(chǎn)生的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力則常不是對(duì)稱(chēng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力。為了考慮二者循環(huán)特性的不同影響，引入折合系3數(shù)，則計(jì)算應(yīng)力為 = （20）當(dāng)扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為靜應(yīng)力時(shí)，取當(dāng)扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力為脈動(dòng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力時(shí)，脫粒機(jī)工作時(shí)，軸承受的是脈動(dòng)循環(huán)應(yīng)力，故又根據(jù)抗彎、抗扭截面系數(shù)計(jì)算公式，在截面最大處沒(méi)有開(kāi)設(shè)鍵槽和通孔。故，根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)表15-4中取 公式 式中 軸的抗彎截面系數(shù)， 軸的許用應(yīng)力，按軸實(shí)際所受彎曲應(yīng)力的循環(huán)特性，在、中選取其相應(yīng)的數(shù)值，對(duì)于承受對(duì)稱(chēng)循環(huán)變應(yīng)力時(shí)的許用應(yīng)力為。 所以強(qiáng)度符合要求。3.3 釘齒條的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)3.3.1 釘齒條的功用釘齒條是玉米脫粒機(jī)的主要脫離部件，它的設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)系到玉米脫粒機(jī)的質(zhì)量的好壞，直接關(guān)系到玉米脫粒機(jī)正常工作時(shí)整體的脫粒效果以及脫粒后將玉米粒和玉米芯分離的情況，它的功能是采用脫離滾筒上的四條釘齒，固定在圓盤(pán)上，均勻快速的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，工作時(shí)將玉米填入脫粒機(jī)中，主軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)固定在釘齒滾筒上的釘齒，釘齒的頂端以一定的速度去對(duì)玉米脫粒（將玉米進(jìn)行強(qiáng)行脫粒）。玉米在經(jīng)過(guò)四條釘齒條的快速旋轉(zhuǎn)下脫粒，四條釘齒條上的釘齒承基本呈螺旋排列，目的在于將玉米芯順著釘齒的螺旋排列排出機(jī)體之外，同時(shí)，每一條釘齒條上的釘齒同樣在進(jìn)行脫粒，以便達(dá)到有較高的脫粒率。玉米脫粒機(jī)的主要功能是脫粒，而釘齒條在工作中起到了重要作用，因此，釘齒條的設(shè)計(jì)是脫粒機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)的主要部件。 從釘齒條的功用及其工作要求可以判斷出釘齒的工作強(qiáng)度很大，根據(jù)脫粒機(jī)一書(shū)得知玉米脫粒機(jī)的釘齒滾筒上安裝有四條釘齒條，相互之間相差，而且每條釘齒條上安裝釘齒的個(gè)數(shù)范圍在710個(gè)釘齒，每一個(gè)釘齒的 ，四條釘齒條均勻安裝在釘齒滾筒上，釘齒在釘齒條上均勻的承螺旋排列方式安裝，兩相鄰的釘齒條之間的釘齒橫向距離為，且承兩條螺旋均勻排列，在釘齒條的兩端分別用一個(gè)厚度是5mm，直徑是的圓盤(pán)固定，在兩個(gè)圓盤(pán)上均勻開(kāi)有釘齒條寬厚的方孔，四個(gè)方通孔均勻承分布，然后將四條釘齒條從四個(gè)方孔中穿過(guò)，同樣，在釘齒條的另一端也用厚度一樣直徑同樣為的圓盤(pán)固定，是釘齒條穿過(guò)方孔而且在圓盤(pán)的表面漏出23mm，因?yàn)檫B接時(shí)是采用焊接完成，方便焊接。這樣結(jié)構(gòu)更加堅(jiān)固、穩(wěn)定、可靠。圓盤(pán)將釘齒條固定，但由于釘齒條過(guò)長(zhǎng)（即），因此，在主軸的最大截面的長(zhǎng)度的二分之一處，采用直徑是的鐵柱使釘齒條與主軸相連，它們的連接方式采用焊接式，這樣可以增加釘齒條的剛度，以便釘齒條受到更大的強(qiáng)度時(shí)不宜損壞，同時(shí)也使軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度和彎曲剛度有很大的增加，使釘齒條的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度和彎曲剛度增加，這樣可以使釘齒滾筒的整體剛度和強(qiáng)度極大增加，主軸和釘齒滾筒之間的固定性好，穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3.3.2 釘齒條的結(jié)構(gòu)及選材釘齒條的功用是固定釘齒的相對(duì)位置，使釘齒在正常工作過(guò)程中能夠持續(xù)的正常工作，釘齒所受的脫粒力直接傳遞到釘齒條上，釘齒條所承受著釘齒的切向力，所以釘齒條應(yīng)該采用足夠強(qiáng)度和剛度的材料制成，根據(jù)脫粒機(jī)一書(shū)中，可以查得材料選為45鋼，宗上所述，設(shè)計(jì)的釘齒條的長(zhǎng)寬高 為，其上分布著釘齒，每個(gè)釘齒條上均勻分布著8個(gè)釘齒，每個(gè)釘齒均穿過(guò)釘齒條，然后用螺母擰緊，其中釘齒條上的通孔設(shè)計(jì)為圓柱型，它的直徑為，而且，在釘齒條上通孔的上端開(kāi)有與釘齒上端截面形狀相同的，深為 的小槽，目的是為了在釘齒安裝在釘齒條上時(shí)，這個(gè)小槽可以和釘齒上的下端面向配合，這樣可以使釘齒在釘齒條上周向固定，而且在釘齒正常工作時(shí)，也同樣使釘齒相對(duì)釘齒條固定，不宜使工作時(shí)釘齒和釘齒條脫落，其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖4圖4釘齒條結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.4 Screw rack structure3.4 釘齒的設(shè)計(jì) 釘齒是玉米脫粒機(jī)的主要工作部件，它在工作時(shí)直接與玉米相接觸，而且它的接觸頻率很高，尤其是在入料口的部位，這個(gè)部位的釘齒摩擦的相當(dāng)頻繁，因此，在設(shè)計(jì)釘齒時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到釘齒的工作強(qiáng)度和工作環(huán)境等問(wèn)題，這里采用了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)一書(shū)所建議的45鋼，為了使釘齒在釘齒條上的相對(duì)固定，在釘齒上增加凹槽，與釘齒條上的凹槽相配合，使釘齒和釘齒條固定。其基本參數(shù)如圖5所示。3.5 圓盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)3.5.1 圓盤(pán)的特點(diǎn)圓盤(pán)是將釘齒條與主軸固定的主要部件，它不僅起連接作用，而且還可以承擔(dān)釘齒和釘齒條傳遞的力矩和彎曲及扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度，它位與釘齒條的兩端，且采用焊接式連接，同時(shí)與主軸也要相對(duì)固定，采用焊接的連接方式，因此，圓盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)也是釘齒滾筒強(qiáng)度高低的主要部件。圖5釘齒結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.5 Spike tooth structure diagram3.5.2 圓盤(pán)的結(jié)構(gòu)及材料由脫粒機(jī)一書(shū)，查得圓盤(pán)的材料采用剛度和強(qiáng)度較好多45鋼制成，其直徑，其上均勻分布著四個(gè)長(zhǎng)方形的通孔，目的是為了固定安裝釘齒條，其位置在圓盤(pán)上固定，長(zhǎng)方孔的底線(xiàn)距圓盤(pán)的中心為，其圓盤(pán)中心應(yīng)裝套在主軸的直徑上（），因此，圓盤(pán)的中心應(yīng)設(shè)定為的孔，以便安裝在軸上，圓盤(pán)的厚度選為，其上的長(zhǎng)方形孔高為10mm、寬為40mm，同樣也是為了安裝其上的釘齒條。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)如圖6 3.6 柵格式凹版的設(shè)計(jì)3.6.1 柵格式凹版的功能在玉米脫粒機(jī)中，柵格式凹板是與釘齒滾筒相配合的重要部件，柵格式凹板有兩種功能，其一，是將玉米脫粒后，使玉米粒從柵格式凹板的縫隙中漏出，而玉米芯被釘齒滾筒上的釘齒螺旋排列排出機(jī)之外，從而使玉米粒和玉米芯分開(kāi)，從不同的出口排出機(jī)體之外，達(dá)到玉米脫粒清選的作用，其二，柵格式凹板是利用鋼筋橫向焊接而成，鋼筋之間有的縫隙，這個(gè)縫隙可以將玉米卡在兩根鋼筋的縫隙之間（因?yàn)橛衩诪閳A柱型），以便于釘齒對(duì)玉米進(jìn)行快速、穩(wěn)定的脫粒。圖6圓盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.6 Disc structure3.6.2 柵格式凹版的選用柵格式凹板是由27根直徑長(zhǎng)為的鋼筋，凹板的直徑，凹板兩邊由兩個(gè)直徑為，厚度為，高度為的鐵條固定，由于柵格式凹板是半圓桶型，柵格式凹板與機(jī)架相連接還需要一個(gè)柵格托架，同樣采用焊接的形式來(lái)連接用圓柱鋼筋圍成的凹板，因?yàn)闁鸥袷桨及逡惭b在機(jī)架上，所以將柵格式凹板兩端的鐵條和中間的柵格托架都焊接到機(jī)架上，這樣，可以加固機(jī)體與柵格式凹板的連接質(zhì)量，在正常工作時(shí)，由于有機(jī)架的固定支撐，可以使柵格式凹板的工作穩(wěn)定性更高，更加可靠、穩(wěn)定。從整體來(lái)將，也達(dá)到了脫粒機(jī)的一體化的設(shè)計(jì)，提高整體剛度。凹板結(jié)構(gòu)如圖7圖7凹版結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.7 A structure chart3.7 柵格托架的選用柵格托架是用來(lái)固定柵格式凹版的，它是通過(guò)焊接使柵格式凹版連接在機(jī)架上，并用上蓋預(yù)先開(kāi)設(shè)的的槽來(lái)定位。材料選用Q235鋼。柵格托架如圖8。圖8柵格托架圖Fig.8 Map grid bracket3.8 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的設(shè)計(jì)3.8.1 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的選擇入料斗是將玉米填入玉米脫粒機(jī)機(jī)體內(nèi)的一個(gè)途徑，它要通過(guò)進(jìn)料口使玉米眼釘齒滾筒的切線(xiàn)方向進(jìn)入脫粒機(jī)機(jī)體內(nèi)，它們是玉米脫粒機(jī)上的組合部件，它的作用在于通過(guò)入料斗和進(jìn)料口可以將玉米順利的填入機(jī)體內(nèi)，而且在填入的過(guò)程中或是填入后的工作過(guò)程中，脫粒機(jī)能安全的工作，而且不會(huì)將玉米?；蚴怯衩仔緩娜肓隙凤w濺出來(lái)，造成人員傷害等事故發(fā)生，因此，玉米脫粒機(jī)的入料斗和進(jìn)料口的設(shè)計(jì)，即關(guān)系到玉米脫粒機(jī)的工作質(zhì)量（即脫粒不干凈或是不完全等）。因?yàn)樵趯⒂衩滋砣朊摿C(jī)時(shí)，電動(dòng)機(jī)在高速的旋轉(zhuǎn)，連同它的主軸一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，如果入料斗和進(jìn)料口的填料方式不利于主軸的工作，此時(shí)，這種填料方式對(duì)主軸、對(duì)機(jī)體都有很大的副作用，有可能瞬時(shí)加大主軸的承擔(dān)負(fù)載，即同時(shí)加大主軸的彎曲應(yīng)力、扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力等，同時(shí)也加大了釘齒條上的釘齒的磨損和老化等。如果入料斗的設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng)，會(huì)造成主軸的瞬時(shí)被卡死，電動(dòng)機(jī)悶車(chē)等現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，這些現(xiàn)象對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)和玉米脫粒機(jī)的主軸有及大的破壞性。3.8.2 入料斗和進(jìn)料口的結(jié)構(gòu)因此，在設(shè)計(jì)玉米脫粒機(jī)入料斗時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng)可能發(fā)生的危害，精心的設(shè)計(jì)其結(jié)構(gòu)。其尺寸和外形如下圖9和圖10圖9入料斗結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.9 Hopper structure圖10進(jìn)料口圖Fig.10 Lnlet diagram3.9 機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì)玉米脫粒機(jī)的入料斗和進(jìn)料口與脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架相連接為一體，其連接方式為焊接即入料斗和進(jìn)料口安裝在玉米脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架上，兩者均采用的薄鐵板制成，玉米脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架承半圓形狀，直徑為，長(zhǎng)為，（進(jìn)料口的一側(cè)與脫粒機(jī)的上蓋邊緣相切），這樣可以是玉米在進(jìn)入脫粒機(jī)機(jī)體時(shí)，能夠很好的被釘齒滾筒上的釘齒打削（脫粒），因此，機(jī)架上的入料口設(shè)計(jì)很重要。其上進(jìn)料口的最小口徑長(zhǎng)為，寬為，其上的最大口徑（為了方便填料可以設(shè)計(jì)大一些）長(zhǎng)為，寬為，玉脫粒機(jī)的機(jī)架整體焊接兩個(gè)角鐵上，并在角鐵上加工出來(lái)四個(gè)給柵格托架定位的槽，目的是便于與脫粒機(jī)的下半部分安裝，將脫粒機(jī)機(jī)架的緣地腳與角鐵焊接相連，角鐵采用的厚度為，長(zhǎng)度為，起加固作用的鐵條同樣焊接在兩個(gè)角鐵上，以加堅(jiān)固。在玉米脫粒機(jī)機(jī)架的兩端設(shè)有兩個(gè)半圓形狀的鐵板，其采用的材料是一樣的，目的是保障工作人員的安全，因?yàn)樵谟衩酌摿C(jī)正常脫粒時(shí)，它的主軸高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，如果沒(méi)有兩邊的鐵板擋住，有可能工作人員不甚將手或衣服絞進(jìn)玉米脫粒機(jī)中，造成人員傷亡等事故發(fā)生。其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖11所示：圖11上蓋結(jié)構(gòu)圖Fig.11 Upper cover structure3.10 鍵的選擇與校核3.10.1 軸上鍵的選擇根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)一書(shū)中所提到的，對(duì)于軸端直徑為25mm的軸，其間的長(zhǎng)度在1890之間，又根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)一書(shū)中間的型號(hào)選取bh為87的鍵，有根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇適當(dāng)?shù)逆I長(zhǎng)，初步選取。3.10.2 鍵的校核鍵與軸的鏈接為靜連接，材料為45剛，承受載荷為120150 （21）代入數(shù)據(jù)得故強(qiáng)度符合。3.11 軸承的選擇和校核3.11.1 軸承的型號(hào)本機(jī)只承受徑向力，故選用深溝球軸承，為了與軸做配合，故選取6006號(hào)軸承其參數(shù)如下：,基本額定動(dòng)載荷，基本額定靜載荷。3.11.2 軸承的校核由于軸承的基本額定壽命與破壞概率有關(guān)，所以在實(shí)際上按基本額定壽命計(jì)算選擇出的軸承中，可能有10%軸承發(fā)生提前破壞；同時(shí)，也可能有90%的軸承超過(guò)基本額定壽命還能繼續(xù)工作，甚至相當(dāng)多的軸承還能在工作一個(gè)、兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)基本額定壽命。由于所選的軸承只能承受純徑向動(dòng)載荷，（當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷）由于此前算過(guò)，釘齒，乃至軸上所承受的徑向力為，而軸承所能承受的基本額定動(dòng)載荷,小于所能承受的基本額定動(dòng)載荷，所以負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度要求。 （22）代入數(shù)據(jù)得： 由于玉米脫粒機(jī)是季節(jié)性使用的機(jī)械，工作時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)，工作周期不長(zhǎng)，又因?yàn)樵摍C(jī)主要在戶(hù)外工作，工作溫度為常溫，不會(huì)引起應(yīng)溫度過(guò)高而造成的軸承損壞，因此，軸承壽命符合機(jī)器工作條件。3.12 玉米脫粒機(jī)上蓋螺栓的選擇3.12.1 螺栓的強(qiáng)度校核應(yīng)用在玉米脫粒機(jī)上的螺栓是機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,此時(shí)，需要選擇適合的螺栓，脫粒機(jī)上蓋與機(jī)架連接為帶有預(yù)緊力和工作拉力的螺栓連接，本機(jī)工作載荷不穩(wěn)定應(yīng)用公式 （23）其中為承受的工作載荷 為螺栓的總拉力為殘余預(yù)緊力上蓋與機(jī)架連接為的螺栓為工作載荷不穩(wěn)定的緊螺栓連接，此處 （24）此處可假設(shè)選釘齒接觸上蓋時(shí)的接觸力為最大工作載荷帶入數(shù)據(jù)得：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)螺栓的強(qiáng)度為 （25）上蓋與機(jī)架有六顆螺栓相連接，實(shí)際的應(yīng)該是帶入公式（25）得 ，圓整為83.12.2 螺栓的型號(hào)選擇螺栓的選擇可以根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查取.在本脫粒機(jī)上選擇的螺栓為:公稱(chēng)直徑M8的螺栓,就可以滿(mǎn)足玉米脫粒機(jī)的脫粒機(jī)上蓋和機(jī)架連接需要。4 結(jié)論本機(jī)主要適用于已剝皮玉米的脫粒工作，長(zhǎng)為911mm高為1166mm，寬為416mm 功率7.5kw。本機(jī)采用先進(jìn)的釘齒條滾筒，代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的滾筒與釘齒的固定鏈接方式，從而可以更換釘齒，更好的提高了整機(jī)的使用效率，采用釘齒條還能，減輕啟動(dòng)載荷，對(duì)玉米粒飛濺有很好的防護(hù)效果，其主要功能是將玉米與玉米芯分開(kāi),達(dá)到玉米脫粒的效果,本機(jī)生產(chǎn)率很高,而且單位時(shí)間內(nèi)生成效率高,是現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上應(yīng)用很廣的產(chǎn)品,但是,此產(chǎn)品也有一些不足之處,比如它的重量沉,體積大等缺點(diǎn),和一些的玉米脫粒機(jī)相比還是有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)的,其主要優(yōu)勢(shì)是動(dòng)力強(qiáng).因此,在今后還要對(duì)玉米脫粒機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā),使玉米脫粒機(jī)更完美,更效率化。參考文獻(xiàn)1中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（上冊(cè)）M.北京.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1988.42羅圣國(guó),武宗澤.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 第3版 M.北京.高等教育出版社 2006.5 3王金武.互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)M.北京.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社 2007.10 4黃建求.機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)M.北京.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2010.015袁浩,盧章平.Autodesk AutoCAD2006/2007工程師認(rèn)證考前輔導(dǎo)M.北京.化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社2009.46濮良貴,紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)第八版 M.北京.高等教育出版社2009.77劉鴻文.材料力學(xué) 第四版 M.北京.高等教育出版社2009.118周靜卿,張淑娟.機(jī)械制圖與計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖M.北京.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 2007.7 9衛(wèi)克勤,高太寧,閆志清.我國(guó)脫粒機(jī)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及對(duì)策J.國(guó)家場(chǎng)上作業(yè)機(jī)械及機(jī)制小農(nóng)具質(zhì)檢中心.1999.0210常建國(guó),李國(guó)民,王春海.黑龍江省脫粒機(jī)械的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展建議J. 黑龍江省.黑龍江農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械研究院11潘慶和.5TY10玉米脫粒機(jī)的性能測(cè)試M.北京.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社.2006.0512閻冠,張守勤 .型玉米種子復(fù)式脫粒機(jī)M.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社2005.01.13吳多峰,袁長(zhǎng)勝.HS48型玉米脫粒機(jī)M.北京.網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版社2004.514張旦聞,王大力.型甜玉米脫粒機(jī)的研制M.湖北農(nóng)業(yè)出版社2007.0415崔東飛.齒盤(pán)式玉米脫粒機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)和參數(shù)分析J.南京.東臺(tái)農(nóng)機(jī)化研究所.1996.0616龔湘義.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)圖冊(cè).第三版.高等教育出版社.2004.117Gere J M, Timoshenko S P.Mechanics of materials. Second SI Edition.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,198418Popov E P.Mechanics of materials.2 ed.New Jersey:Prentice-Hall Inc,197619機(jī)械零部件設(shè)計(jì).機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)第2版.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1996.920王幼龍.機(jī)械制圖M.北京:高等教育出版社，2001.01致 謝時(shí)光荏苒，歲月如梭。記憶的雪花翩翩起舞，思緒定格在鳳凰花開(kāi)的季節(jié)。揮灑過(guò)汗水，也滴落過(guò)淚花，這里有我熟悉的一切，有我熱愛(ài)的一切?；秀敝?，在美麗的農(nóng)大校園中，度過(guò)了人生中最為寶貴的年華。隨著畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)束我的大學(xué)生活也即將結(jié)束畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)留給我的是對(duì)我四年所學(xué)科目的綜合檢驗(yàn)是我的cad作圖更加熟練，設(shè)計(jì)更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致。鳳凰涅磐需要經(jīng)歷烈火的煎熬和痛苦的考驗(yàn)。邁進(jìn)象牙塔殿堂時(shí)的激動(dòng)與不安，仍時(shí)刻在內(nèi)心回蕩，不知不覺(jué)中完成了人生中最大的一次蛻變。蛻變需要經(jīng)歷過(guò)磨練，磨練可以讓我們更為堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，去勇敢面對(duì)生活中所遇到的困難與磨難。 感謝老師以及所有幫助過(guò)我的老師和同學(xué)們，我已把你們記在心里但我又不能一一寫(xiě)出，你們是我大學(xué)路上的方方面面的領(lǐng)路人，是你們悉心的指導(dǎo)、關(guān)心和鼓勵(lì)下，才使得我養(yǎng)成科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，也讓我學(xué)會(huì)了如何去解決所遇到的問(wèn)題。感謝你們讓我懂得了科學(xué)探索的奧秘在于永遠(yuǎn)保持一個(gè)樂(lè)觀積極向上的心態(tài)以及腳踏實(shí)地勤勉的務(wù)實(shí)作風(fēng)，這是獲得勝利的無(wú)敵通關(guān)密碼。 在湖南農(nóng)大我度過(guò)了我的四年時(shí)間在這里我獲得了太多太多，可以說(shuō)我完成了自己的蛻變，每當(dāng)遇到困難，總是你們?cè)谏砼阅膸椭?感謝我的家人。是他們?cè)诖煺蹠r(shí)，給與我信心與前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力；是他們?cè)诳鞓?lè)時(shí)，分享我的喜悅。 附錄附錄1：（裝配圖A01）附錄2：（零件圖A11）附錄3：（零件圖A25）附錄4：（零件圖A33）附錄5：（零件圖A42）Long inefficient harvester maintenanceA prevent long inefficient combine threshing not clear,Threshing was unclear, or after threshing crops are still left on a certain number of grain crops, or fails to retain the original threshing, and the corn longer branch, etc. It is among the most common of combine harvesters. How to prevent threshing, the method is as follows:1 and the harvest should keep linear assignment. Can easily otherwise, driving crop harvest threshing clarity is messy effect.2, should maintain threshing tooth thickness of unilateral not less than 2.5 mm. Otherwise, must change surface or update. Threshing tooth crest and inherit the gap should keep on net 3-5mm. Excessive threshing will influence, to adjust.3, often keep cutting grass the keenness of the sword. Cut grass by the side of the sword blade surface should be timely change wear or update. For grain threshing clean and create good conditions.4 the conveyor chamber, threshing and guide the clearance should be within 2mm - 0, too, should be adjusted translocated cannot enter threshing room.5, threshing depth is deep, not often adjust the threshing clarity of circumstances, should maintain proper depth, in order to reduce indoor embroiled in a threshing long stalk.6 and when the throttle should be put in the harvest, make maximum revs turned in every minute of 2000. Otherwise it will affect threshing effect. If found speed should be promptly dropped out, reduce the load inspection.7 and the crop growth, the field should be adopted, reduce speed reduced cut to reduce the load, enhance the threshing performance.Eight, the situation is unfavorable harvest: crops 55cm length less than poor too low, mechanical, crops have large difference, length of maturity, crop crop varieties of wet, difficult threshing.2 the long inefficient safe operations of rice harvesterCombine widely applied in rural areas, with the popularization of long inefficient combined harvesters, strengthen the safety production to prevent accidents, agricultural machinery safety supervision has become an important content of the work. JiShou is an important guarantee of economic benefit, therefore, must pay attention to the safety operation, the method is as follows:1, have qualified operation skills. Operators must attend technical training, familiar with and understand the performance, structure, the machines use, maintenance and operation mastering skills. Qualified through examination before operation.2, to observe the safety regulations. The safety instructions carefully study buyers on homework instructions and combine all sorts of safety warning labels.3 and safety clothing. Wear comfortable clothes, prohibit wearing headscarves, scarves, safe operations against the slippers etc.4 and security. Abide by traffic rules. Ban on others, pack accessory, avoid teasers, through the dam, could be JiGengLu culvert and etc, and can withstand prior to confirm unit weight, not pushy.5, safety and loading trucks. The ground must be flat hard, loading and unloading board must have enough strength, width, length and antiskid device and hook. Two parallel plates should be no difference, low slow. Midway cannot turn, speed and braking lest overturned, if need to be modified direction return to sender.6 and safety operation. Harvest Operators should be energetic, lack of sleep, drunk or illness of unfavorable operation. In the homework before pack good safety cover, shields, and try running shell, confirm the working parts may be put into operation. The machine before must honk or other methods to meet food and signaled that it is safe to those around. In the work, listen to observe, once produce abnormal shall immediately stopped running, promptly components.7 and safety inspection and maintenance. Harvesters in machine cleaning machine, check and adjustment should be shut out fault, when the shift lever, and for the engine should be separate each clutch. In the harvest, when should be raised overhaul safety devices will be locked or cut machine with reliable supporting things fixed, prevent the harvest of decline.8 and prevent fires. Should be on fire, fuel and oil spill to timely rub-up. Engine exhaust and battery, not allow heads up around the machine can park in the stalk of place. And no smoking.9 and prevent burns. The engine running or just stop immediately when cannot open cooling box, prevent water jet scald, subject to open after cooling.10 and safety parked. Harvesters will reap should be parked down to the ground of the lowest positions, or shut, take out the key step, engine braking under fixed, the pavement in tyre shall be put on the track or before anti-skid pad.3 the long inefficient to prevent cut sets jams rice harvester,Cutting machine is blocked in the operation of the combined harvester ommon fault, it tends to affect the normal operation of the harvester. Serious when cut machine cant work. Therefore must pay attention to the prevention work cut machine, clogging the method is as follows:1, harvest crops cannot be dry, wet, and dew. Crops in height, otherwise easily 55mm crop uprooted, clogging the chain, but also stem not threshing. Lodging should comply with the Angle of cut in 85 degrees below 70 degrees in reverse, cut the following requirements. Harvest the crops to make excessive lodging cutting machine jam. At harvest time, reduce should reduce cutting speed, watch, found that jam. Timely parking2, the harvest should as far as possible to stay straight road. To make points bending because of grain harvest stem the grass points over the crops, and deformation when conveying grain crops is messy, clogging.3 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. Such high crop harvest shall be taken, reduce speed reduced cut, avoid excessive loads caused jams. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is restored to the correct width, prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.4 should keep a sharp, sticking. Every day after harvest should remove dirt, weeds, check and adjustment, promptly replace worn sticking. Keep moving knife knife and set the gap in 0 0.5 mm.5, help to maintain good grain chain tensioner degrees. And grain, grain and stent shall promptly replace after wearing claw back to ensure crops not messy.6 and often keep claw chain belt, bluegrass, shoot, the chain chain, depth in such a state, too loose when should adjust, excessive wear should be replaced.7 and cutting machine jams cannot use accelerated forced through. So easily make driving components are damaged. The correct approach is rapid, using artificial clear the blockage of crops.4 the long chain transmission inefficient rice harvester maintenanceChain transmission is indispensable to combine the transmission mechanism. Its work or harvesters will directly affect the normal work of the components and performance, and therefore should be done in use, maintenance and repair the method is as follows:1 in shaft, wheel should be no skewed and swinging. In the same transmission components in the face of two sprockets should be located in the same plane and sprocket center distance 0.5 meters in the allowable deviation, 1 mm, Sprocket 0.5 meters above centre distance in the allowable deviation, 2 mm. But does not allow to have the friction sprocket teeth profile phenomenon, if two rounds of migration to produce large chain and accelerate wear off. In the replacement of sprocket, we must pay special attention to check and adjustment offset.2, the chain of firmness should fit, too tight increase power consumption, bearing wear, Too loose easily beat and chain chain. Chain of chain for: from central filed or press, two sprockets centre distance is about 2-3cm.3, a new chain or long after the use to adjust, can elongation, to look for the chain, but must be even. The chain should lock plate, back through the chain is inserted in the outside, lock piece at the turn of the mouth should be in the opposite direction.4 and sprocket badly worn, should also change new sprocket and new chain, in order to ensure good engagement. Not only change the new chain or new single chain. Otherwise it will cause a new chain or improperly meshed accelerate new sprocket and wear. Sprocket tooth surfaces wear to a certain degree in turn use (used to face adjustable sprocket). In order to prolong the using time.5, old and new chain chain can use, otherwise easy mixed in transmission chain, tensile impact.6, chain in work should promptly fill lube. Oil must enter roller and set in the fitting clearance, improve the working conditions and reduce wear.7 and when the machine, long-term storage chain should be removed using kerosene or diesel clean, then coated with oil or butter in a dry place, to prevent corrosion.5 the long inefficient rice harvester inter-district assignments need attentionAs a long inefficient (KUBOTA) combine professional harvest, 28% of homework is quite important. To smoothly inter-district harvest, please users must be attached to the following aspects of work.1 the preparation before operation, and develops(1) inter-district assignment information collection. Users can according to relevant state departments of information throughout the wheat and rice harvest and local agricultural information management, also may follow contact with customers, because the harvest of the local conditions are familiar with the user.(2) business contacts. On-the-spot investigation in the field conditions, crop growth and high price, etc.(3) inter-district homework route. According to the time sequence of all crops, choose as far as possible, set harvest security conditions are good, traffic is convenient.(4) machine. In order to avoid failure inter-district assignments must be done before operation expenses in inter-district before repair, comsumption products, oil etc. Such as engine oil, inferior oil market, many in the local time before to 28% of purchase. Hara& Co. inefficient(5) and vendors. Homework, route will inter-district inform vendors, carry on with the certificate (the combine harvester drivers license and id card of 28%, etc.).(6). Try to purchase related (machine, personnel) insurance.2 and develops in the homework problems that should be paid attention to(1) harvest in the operation, to avoid attention combining exertion caused by accidents due to overwork.(2) strengthen the maintenance and inspection machine, the machine always in good working condition.(3) to strengthen the supervision of machine, storage, especially to avoid machine weathered and guard against theft, prevent damage.3 and the handling problemsSuch as: (1) in the inter-district assignments harvesters malfunction, please come and maintenance service, will contact details (including harvesters fault fault components, harvest field around), damaged parts, and quantity (shows a part of components in place, serial number part), the specific location and harvesters telephone users such report maintenance personnel.(2) if you want to buy parts, can contact with long inefficient local hara& Co., company address (spare parts purchase, etc.) should be near. If you cannot buy accessories, direct contact with the seller, to discuss the required parts orders and shipping method, in the shortest possible time after receiving accessories, maintenance, continue to work.6 the maintenance long inefficient rice harvester of unidirectional clutch,The function is a one-way clutch combine harvester in advance when the power of the engine reliably transfer to combine harvester, fall off quickly, in order to realize the need of combine harvesters. In use due to improper operation, easy cause one-way clutch early wear, harvesting machine doesnt work well. Therefore, must grasp the correct use of method.1 and the drive belt should reap department regularly or adjustment, the length of a spring in 102mm, cannot too loose or too tight. Or should adjust the length of the spring.2 and combine in operation should be done in the stable power, speed, smooth junction stable steering, must not stop, accelerated, steep, hurry to, in order to reduce the shock load one-way clutch.3 and in harvest in the homework assignments to observe the harvest, cutting machine, jams that immediately after stopping harvesting clutch, separated by artificial clear all the progress of begin again after operation. Do not remove or not in blocking incomplete remove junction, clutch, so easily to harvest early damage of unidirectional clutch.4 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. When high-yielding crop harvest if should be taken to cut, reduce speed reducing excess load in order to reduce the one-way clutch. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is returned to the correct width, in order to prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.5 and the harvest of lodging crops can not force (85 degrees below for the cut and thrust to 70 degrees Celsius) cut. Lodging crops are messy, should be adopted in the harvest threshing depth, using automatic control, find out timely downtime clogging.6 and one-way clutch after damage replace. In the first should check whether the axis wear is a one-way away when the diameter of the axis wear to 18.771 mm, must change the new axis, otherwise the new one-way clutch after loaded still cannot play a role.Wheel organization function is supporting the full weight of combine harvesters, driving and harvest, it is the important system combines walking working parts. If not for the correct use and operation, maintenance, easily wheel organization early wear. Therefore must pay attention to early wear prevention. The method is as follows:1, to strengthen the wheel organization daily maintenance. Do homework after stent to load, timely, lifting, tensioner arm sticky roller and mud product, clean weed.2 and constant observation wheel load, wheel, lifting, tensioner wheel rotation condition videotapes. Find abnormal or wheel rotation, should not carefully, change bad parts, hidden faults.3, check the quantity, truck wheels lubricant should be added to the shortage of oil. Provisions Find duo-cone floating oil, should change in time to maintain good sealing.4, truck wheels, stents, lifting, tensioner wheel rim thickness should have worn thin change in time, otherwise caused by insufficient strength variant rupture, scrape.5 and driving wheel wear a tooth thickness 5mm amounted to face when using, adjustable to prolong the using life. When both tooth thickness should be promptly replace worn, otherwise it will cause sprocket and track core iron meshing impact when increases, abnormal wear iron core, serious when still can hook iron core.6 500 hours, each work regularly to walk round institutions should be thoroughly checked, repair, to achieve good technical conditions.7 and combine in road, should avoid bad roads in the road. When the crawler bottom to have cleared eyewinker. Ensure the wheel in good working environment, improve its service life.Long inefficient combine the good crop harvest lodging with benign. Under normal circumstances can harvest the crops for lodging 85 degrees below, cut cut in inverse 70s. At harvest time must pay attention to grasp the operation method under:1, should use a sharp knife sticking the sword, and the gap shall be in 0 0.5 mm.2 stacks, claws should be adjusted to height can lift crop panicle position (namely the position on a standard). To straighten up, reduce crop messy.3 stacks, and shall be transferred to high speed, and to increase the help shift position for lodging, grain number of grain crop rotary.4, harvest of transmission belt, shoot the chain chain, ear grain, should according to regulations chain tensioner, cutting machine is too loose in the harvest clogging.5, conveying chain tightly guide if wear, should adjust guide and chain of zero clearance, crop is involved, or within the cylinder threshing.6 and the cleanness of threshing regulating handle should be put on open position, to minimize threshing room load.7 and the cutting grass threshing indoor dao should be promptly replace, sharp. In order to ensure the clarity, reduce crop threshing damage grain.8 and cut in assignments platform height should keep in grain from the ground height is about 20mm. High grain can help claws, cannot fulfill the harvest. Low is easy to root crops, accelerate uprooted sticking.9 and cut width should with slightly less than normal cut width for good (usually right portion of the grain open about 200 250m m). To alleviate the harvest of load.10 and should adopt the automatic control of threshing depth, unfavorable adjustment. To minimize threshing room load.11 and the harvest of straight road, dont be keep swinging. Slow speed is not reap, jam in case.In December, when the harvest to observe operation condition, should take the first right ahead and grain threshing depth, device runs into the entrance of threshing chain and watching the sequence of operations. According to the circumstance timely adjust speed, cut width harvest threshing machine, cutting height, etc, in order to maintain good depth of operation condition.13, is not in conformity with the harvest of crops, otherwise not forced to wear, and early machine crop waste is serious.7 the combine harvester threshing rice for the inefficient maintenance1, threshing room can overload in the harvest, when high-yielding crop and speed of cutting should reduce and control the work load of the rated load operation, to prevent excessive threshing chamber of the causes.2, the harvest threshing due to lodging crops into the room to increase many weeds in the chamber pressure and threshing threshing adopts the automatic control, depth to reduce indoor excessive threshing straw into.3, correctly use the regulating handle gib threshing. When lodging at harvest crops, the regulating handle on the open position, make indoor crop threshing, reduce indoor quickly. In the threshing, grain on the small branches shall handle is placed in position, extend the time on threshing indoor crops, increase grain clarity. Usually handle position should be put in standard.4 and keep cutting grass blades, check the knife cut grass threshing indoor wear and abrasion can make crops or not cut off, retention time long, threshing ungodliness, threshing chamber pressure increases, cut grass dao in reversing or update after wear.5, conveying chain tightly compressed guide, if be the clearance of crops to easily, cause stress in threshing room greaten, must always keep checking and adjusting, chain and guide the gap with zero.Six, in use as threshing shall, when close room blocked out, after the progress of the engine can work, or forced work to cause damage to the threshing room components.8 the long inefficient rice harvester crawler maintenance instructionsRubber pedrail are self-contained combine the important parts in the mechanism, and the price is expensive. Rubber pedrail life depends in large part on work environment and method of use. Must attach importance to the early wear rubber pedrail prevention. The method is as follows:(a), pay attention to the work environment1, rubber pedrail, diesel engine should be avoided and various oil, grease, etc. Also should avoid with acid, alkali, salt, pesticide, and other chemicals. In this case. Clean,2, rubber pedrail should avoid the rocks, in sharp steel etc uneven road. When necessary, can be laid wood or other flat object.3, rubber pedrail should avoid in gravel and gravel road surface are long. This is caused extremely easily rubber surface early wear, if the driving distance, should use loaded vehicles.(2), master correct usage1, r