CA6900長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)乘客門(mén)及艙門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】
CA6900長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)乘客門(mén)及艙門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】,說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD,CA6900長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)乘客門(mén)及艙門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD】,ca6900,長(zhǎng)途客車(chē),乘客,艙門(mén),設(shè)計(jì),說(shuō)明書(shū),仿單,cad
旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)起源于荷蘭，至今已有一百年的歷史，在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)，從以前意義的專(zhuān)門(mén)到今天的全自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)，旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展歷史。其種類(lèi)較多，按控制方式可分為全自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)、半自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)和手動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)；按旋轉(zhuǎn)翼結(jié)構(gòu)方式可分為兩翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)、三翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)和四翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)；按結(jié)構(gòu)材料科分為金屬框架旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)、水晶旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)和木旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)。
國(guó)外自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)發(fā)展較早。器技術(shù)也較為成熟。自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)技術(shù)具有節(jié)能、低噪音、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、壽命長(zhǎng)、性能可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；控制系統(tǒng)采用數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)作為控制中樞，有功能更強(qiáng)大，操作更簡(jiǎn)便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；檢測(cè)安全系統(tǒng)采用先進(jìn)的紅外與微波感應(yīng)技術(shù)，用于感知物體的移動(dòng)，操縱門(mén)體的運(yùn)行，使用各種安全檢測(cè)傳感器，實(shí)現(xiàn)防夾、防撞、防碰功能。與此同時(shí)某些廠(chǎng)家生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)還具有遠(yuǎn)程控制和液晶顯示功能。
新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，特別是改革開(kāi)放以后，旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)也大量的出現(xiàn)在我國(guó)的各種公共和高檔場(chǎng)合。在我們高樓聳立的大都市，在大廈、賓館、酒店、銀行、商場(chǎng)、寫(xiě)字樓，自動(dòng)門(mén)已經(jīng)是隨處可見(jiàn)。自動(dòng)門(mén)不但能給我們帶來(lái)人員進(jìn)出方便、節(jié)約空調(diào)能源、防風(fēng)、防塵、降低噪音等好處，更令我們的大門(mén)增添了不少高貴典雅的氣息。
自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)是樓宇設(shè)備中的光機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，它給人以親切大方的感覺(jué)，同時(shí)營(yíng)造出奢華的氣氛，其全新的概念，寬敞的開(kāi)放門(mén)面和高格調(diào)的設(shè)計(jì)，堪稱(chēng)建筑物的點(diǎn)睛之筆，立足于建筑時(shí)代大潮的最前端。大廈在需要持續(xù)不斷的人流出入的同時(shí)，又要保持建筑物內(nèi)良好的空氣循環(huán)及環(huán)境的優(yōu)美，這是建筑師所遇到的一大難題，而旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)為大廈提供了理想的解決方案，它可有效地防風(fēng)、防塵和隔音，從而改善了大廈入口附近的環(huán)境。旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它"永遠(yuǎn)開(kāi)門(mén)，又永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)門(mén)"，即對(duì)于行人來(lái)說(shuō)，門(mén)總可以打開(kāi)，可對(duì)于建筑物來(lái)說(shuō)門(mén)又總是關(guān)著。自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)由于其永遠(yuǎn)開(kāi)啟的同時(shí)又永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉的特點(diǎn)，使其動(dòng)態(tài)密封效果較好。因此，自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)在功能方面具有獨(dú)特的發(fā)展。
1) 旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的定義
旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)：?jiǎn)紊然蚨嗌妊刎Q軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的門(mén)叫旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)。
自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)：利用各種控制器、信號(hào)控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)單扇或多扇沿豎軸自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和自動(dòng)停止的門(mén)叫自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)。
自動(dòng)門(mén)中的頂級(jí)產(chǎn)品，旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)給人以親切大方的感覺(jué)，同時(shí)營(yíng)造出奢華的氣氛，其寬敞的開(kāi)放門(mén)面和高格調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)，堪稱(chēng)建筑物的點(diǎn)睛之筆。其全新的概念，無(wú)可動(dòng)搖地立足于建筑時(shí)代大潮的最前端。但其高造價(jià)也不是一般人能接受的。
2）自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的結(jié)構(gòu)
傳統(tǒng)的三翼和四翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)就是這種結(jié)構(gòu)，即中心門(mén)軸通過(guò)軸承機(jī)構(gòu)垂直安裝于地面，三個(gè)或四個(gè)門(mén)翼呈發(fā)散式固定在中心門(mén)軸上，各門(mén)扇之間的角度相等，人在內(nèi)扇之間推動(dòng)（按逆時(shí)針）門(mén)扇，就成為一個(gè)手動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)。中心門(mén)軸的上方安裝電動(dòng)機(jī)及其他電氣控制部件，再配以感應(yīng)裝置和安全裝置，就成為自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)是穩(wěn)定性，使用的可靠性很高，使用壽命長(zhǎng)?？紤]到旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)在停止時(shí)一定要密封，所以三翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的每個(gè)分隔可以容納更多的人，可是門(mén)的凈開(kāi)口的寬度較小。而四翼旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的每個(gè)分隔可以容納較少的人，可是門(mén)的凈開(kāi)口寬度卻較大。
但是，這種旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)門(mén)翼與中心軸的固定方式?jīng)Q定了門(mén)扇寬度不能太大，所以這種旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的直徑最大只有約4M。為了解這一問(wèn)題，工程師們將中心門(mén)軸設(shè)計(jì)成了中間展示室，相對(duì)減小了門(mén)扇寬度，增加了電機(jī)對(duì)門(mén)中心的旋轉(zhuǎn)作用力矩，使這種旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的最大直徑擴(kuò)大到6M，中間展示室又有很好的裝飾效果。作為通道門(mén)的自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)還要考慮緊急狀態(tài)時(shí)人員的快速疏散，于是旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的門(mén)翼要能夠在停電時(shí)手動(dòng)推開(kāi)，所以帶緊急打開(kāi)功能的自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)采用特制的類(lèi)似合頁(yè)的門(mén)體接五金件?？墒钱?dāng)風(fēng)壓很大時(shí)，這種門(mén)扇結(jié)構(gòu)容易被風(fēng)吹開(kāi)。五金件的強(qiáng)度也成為這種自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的主要質(zhì)量問(wèn)題之一。國(guó)際自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)又設(shè)計(jì)了專(zhuān)用的電磁鎖，在斷電時(shí)才使門(mén)扇可以被推動(dòng)。
3）自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的性能
大廈在需要持續(xù)不斷的人流出入的同時(shí)，又要保持建筑物內(nèi)良好的空氣循環(huán)及環(huán)境的優(yōu)美，這是建筑師所遇到的一大難題，而旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)為大廈提供了理想的解決方案，它可有效地防風(fēng)、防塵和隔音，從而改善了大廈入口附近的環(huán)境。旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它"永遠(yuǎn)開(kāi)門(mén)，又永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)門(mén)"，即對(duì)于行人來(lái)說(shuō)，門(mén)總可以打開(kāi)，可對(duì)于建筑物來(lái)說(shuō)門(mén)又總是關(guān)著。自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)由于其永遠(yuǎn)開(kāi)啟的同時(shí)又永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉的特點(diǎn)，使其動(dòng)態(tài)密封效果較好。因此，自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)在保安功能方面具有獨(dú)特的發(fā)展，但在人員流量方面自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)卻沒(méi)有優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)殚T(mén)的轉(zhuǎn)速是固定的，每個(gè)門(mén)翼之間可容納的人員也是有限的。每種自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)都有標(biāo)定的人員流量數(shù)值。
自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)由于其永遠(yuǎn)開(kāi)啟的同時(shí)又永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉的特點(diǎn)，使其動(dòng)態(tài)密封效果在經(jīng)常使用的條件下相對(duì)于其它兩種自動(dòng)門(mén)要好。由于自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的人流量有限，在大型公共場(chǎng)合還是選擇其它兩種自動(dòng)門(mén)，畢竟自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的本成較高。通常在自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)兩側(cè)另設(shè)自動(dòng)或手動(dòng)平開(kāi)門(mén)，一方面增加通行能力，另一方面當(dāng)自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，不影響人的通過(guò)。但是在靜態(tài)密封效果方面，自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)遠(yuǎn)不如其它自動(dòng)門(mén)，因?yàn)槠溟T(mén)體運(yùn)動(dòng)方式?jīng)Q定著只能使用毛條密封。
4) 旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)在我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)前景
隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地增長(zhǎng)，2008年北京申奧成功和WTO的加入。從本世紀(jì)開(kāi)始，我國(guó)進(jìn)入了全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的新階段，創(chuàng)造美好生活環(huán)境是裝飾業(yè)發(fā)展的巨大推動(dòng)力?，F(xiàn)代城市建筑物裝飾裝修中，將高科技應(yīng)用到建筑物的外觀形象上，使城市建筑的入口體現(xiàn)出智能化。對(duì)門(mén)的選擇由單一的功用型向個(gè)性化、品位化發(fā)展，旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)以其全新的概念，寬敞開(kāi)放的門(mén)面和高格調(diào)的設(shè)計(jì)，自然成為當(dāng)代的建筑裝飾的主流，無(wú)可質(zhì)疑的必選設(shè)施?？胺Q(chēng)建筑物的點(diǎn)睛之筆。
自動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)控制系統(tǒng)主要由旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)、接近傳感器、可編程序控制器和變頻器組成。
1）旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)及接近傳感器
該旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)由4扇玻璃門(mén)相互垂直地鑲嵌在同一個(gè)軸柱上構(gòu)成，電機(jī)通過(guò)減速機(jī)構(gòu)帶動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的軸柱，從而產(chǎn)生門(mén)的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的全部自動(dòng)化和智能化，系統(tǒng)在旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)圓形框架的上端，安裝了4個(gè)接近傳感器，其中3個(gè)面向進(jìn)門(mén)的行人，一個(gè)面向出門(mén)的行人；在門(mén)框外側(cè)的邊沿上分別安裝了2套防夾傳感器；在圓弧門(mén)框外側(cè)的表面上，分別安裝了暫停按鍵和殘疾人專(zhuān)用換速按鍵。
2）可編程控制器PLC
該系統(tǒng)利用三菱公司的FXOS-14MR-001系列PLC，作為該系統(tǒng)的控制指揮中心。該P(yáng)LC把來(lái)自旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的檢測(cè)信號(hào)、變頻器的狀態(tài)信號(hào)以及樓宇自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的指令，經(jīng)過(guò)收集、處理后，完成對(duì)變頻器的頻率控制和對(duì)樓宇自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的信息反饋。
3）變頻器
? 由于旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)處于公共場(chǎng)所，行人或物品阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)正常旋轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象時(shí)常發(fā)生，因此導(dǎo)致電動(dòng)機(jī)的負(fù)載變化大、過(guò)電流現(xiàn)象發(fā)生頻繁，所以選用通用JP6C-T9-0.75型變頻器。該變頻器具有快速響應(yīng)的電流限制功能，當(dāng)負(fù)載波動(dòng)相當(dāng)大時(shí)，變頻器不跳閘，能自動(dòng)減速運(yùn)行；當(dāng)負(fù)載恢復(fù)正常時(shí)，變頻器能自動(dòng)升速到設(shè)定值。使用該變頻器，電動(dòng)機(jī)低速驅(qū)動(dòng)能力強(qiáng)，起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩能達(dá)到額定值的150％。該變頻器還具有電壓自整定等一系列先進(jìn)功能。
? 4）旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)診斷程序
?? 樓宇自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)除了使用攝像機(jī)獲取旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)的外部工作狀態(tài)信息外，還需要使用PLC獲取旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)控制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的工作狀態(tài)信息。所以在編輯控制系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部狀態(tài)診斷程序時(shí)，不但要照顧到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)維護(hù)人員能利用PLC診斷故障，還照顧到樓宇自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確、方便地使用PLC提供的診斷信息。
綜上所述，該旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)新穎、外觀大方、功能齊全、使用控制方便，，行人所接觸到的按鍵也能夠保證安全。同時(shí)，接近傳感器的可靠性也是實(shí)現(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)控制系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化和智能化關(guān)鍵之一。是集機(jī)電于一體化的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)其較好地滿(mǎn)足了廣大用戶(hù)的求，擴(kuò)大了PLC和通用變額器的應(yīng)用范圍，提高了旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)控制系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化和智能化程度，深受物業(yè)管理行業(yè)科技人員和維護(hù)人員的青睬。
PLC控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)需滿(mǎn)足如下幾個(gè)功能：
(1)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)停功能
來(lái)人時(shí)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，并以正常轉(zhuǎn)速動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)，15s時(shí)無(wú)人進(jìn)出，則自動(dòng)停轉(zhuǎn)并封門(mén)。
(2)殘疾變速功能
旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)設(shè)有低速，中速，高速三種旋轉(zhuǎn)速度，分別對(duì)應(yīng)殘疾，middle和high三個(gè)按鈕進(jìn)行切換，以適應(yīng)殘疾人通過(guò)、正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和緊急疏散對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)速的不同要求。30s內(nèi)始終以2r/min的速度低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，此時(shí)按中速（Middle）和高速（High）無(wú)效，以確保殘疾人安全通過(guò)。30s后來(lái)人，門(mén)自動(dòng)以正常速度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)防夾功能
當(dāng)門(mén)扇運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)靠近曲壁立柱時(shí)，如果行人試圖從兩者之間(防夾區(qū))進(jìn)入旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)，則門(mén)立即自動(dòng)停轉(zhuǎn)以防夾傷行人。行人離開(kāi)防夾區(qū)，門(mén)自動(dòng)恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
(4)防撞功能
行人緊靠右側(cè)立柱或遇到物體碰撞右側(cè)立柱,則旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)馬上停轉(zhuǎn)，以防止撞傷行人或撞壞物體，行人或物體離開(kāi)右側(cè)立柱,自動(dòng)門(mén)恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
(5)防碰功能
行人在旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén)內(nèi)通行過(guò)程中，如遇到門(mén)扇碰到行人腳后跟，則門(mén)立即停轉(zhuǎn)，以防止碰傷行人。行人離開(kāi)門(mén)扇，門(mén)自動(dòng)恢復(fù)旋轉(zhuǎn)。
(6)急停功能
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)緊急意外事故十，按下急停按鈕，門(mén)立即停轉(zhuǎn)，解除急停信號(hào)，門(mén)又自動(dòng)恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
(7)暫停功能(STOP按鈕)
與急停功能相當(dāng)，不同的是按STOP鈕后，必須用殘疾，middle和high三個(gè)按鈕中的一個(gè)進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。
(8)電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載保護(hù)功能
當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載時(shí)，門(mén)停轉(zhuǎn)并且指示燈閃爍報(bào)警。過(guò)載消除后門(mén)自動(dòng)恢復(fù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
(9)變頻器報(bào)警輸出和延時(shí)自動(dòng)復(fù)位功能
當(dāng)變頻器過(guò)壓或過(guò)流時(shí)，關(guān)閉輸出，門(mén)停轉(zhuǎn)并報(bào)警( 指示燈閃爍)，延時(shí)3s自動(dòng)復(fù)位。
1) 最大限度地滿(mǎn)足被控對(duì)象的控制要求
充分發(fā)揮PLC的功能，最大限度地滿(mǎn)足被控對(duì)象的控制要求，是設(shè)計(jì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的首要前提，這也是設(shè)計(jì)中最重要的一條原則。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)人員在設(shè)計(jì)前就要深入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，收集控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的資料，收集相關(guān)先進(jìn)的國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外資料。
2) 保證控制系統(tǒng)的安全可靠
保證PLC控制系統(tǒng)能夠長(zhǎng)期安全、可靠、穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，是設(shè)計(jì)控制系統(tǒng)的重要原則。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)者在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、元器件選擇、軟件編程上要全面考慮，以確?？刂葡到y(tǒng)安全可靠。
3）滿(mǎn)足上面條件的前提下，力求使控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單經(jīng)濟(jì)適用和維修方
在滿(mǎn)足控制要求的前提下，一方面要注意不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大工程的效益，另一方面也要注意不斷地降低工程的成本。這就要求設(shè)計(jì)者不僅應(yīng)該使控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且要使控制系統(tǒng)的使用和維護(hù)方便、成本低，不宜盲目追求自動(dòng)化和高指標(biāo)。
4）選擇PLC是要考慮生產(chǎn)和工藝改進(jìn)所需的余量
由于技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，控制系統(tǒng)的要求也將會(huì)不斷提高，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要適當(dāng)考慮到今后控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展和完善的需要。這就要求在選擇PLC、輸入/輸出模塊、I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)和內(nèi)存容量時(shí)，要適當(dāng)留有余量，以滿(mǎn)足今后生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展和工藝的改進(jìn)。
PLC有兩種基本的工作狀態(tài)，即運(yùn)行（RUN）狀態(tài)和停止（STOP）狀態(tài)。RUN狀態(tài)是執(zhí)行應(yīng)用程序的狀態(tài)。STOP狀態(tài)一般用于程序的編制、修改和下載。為了使PLC的輸出能夠及時(shí)相應(yīng)可能隨時(shí)變化的輸入信號(hào)，用戶(hù)程序不是只執(zhí)行一次，而是反復(fù)不斷地重復(fù)執(zhí)行，直至PLC停機(jī)或切換到STOP狀態(tài)，因此PLC采用的是周期循環(huán)掃描工作方式。
一個(gè)掃描周期可分為以下5個(gè)階段：內(nèi)部處理階段、通信服務(wù)階段、輸入采樣階段、程序執(zhí)行階段和輸出刷新階段。CPU對(duì)用戶(hù)程序的執(zhí)行過(guò)程是CPU的循環(huán)掃描過(guò)程，并且是采用周期性地集中輸入采樣、集中輸出刷新的方式來(lái)完成的。
1）內(nèi)部處理階段
CPU對(duì)PLC內(nèi)部的硬件作故障檢查，復(fù)位監(jiān)控定時(shí)等。
2）通信服務(wù)階段
通信服務(wù)階段是掃描周期的信息處理階段，PLC與外圍設(shè)備、編程器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備等進(jìn)行通信，CPU處理從通信端口接收到的信息。
當(dāng)PLC處于STOP狀態(tài)時(shí)，只執(zhí)行以上兩個(gè)階段的操作。當(dāng)PLC處于RUN狀態(tài)時(shí)，還要完成輸入采樣、程序執(zhí)行和輸出刷新階段的操作。
在PLC存儲(chǔ)器中，設(shè)置了一片區(qū)域用來(lái)存放輸入信號(hào)和輸出信號(hào)的狀態(tài)，它們分別稱(chēng)為輸入映像寄存器和輸出映像寄存器。PLC梯形圖中的其他編程軟件也有對(duì)應(yīng)的映像存儲(chǔ)區(qū)，它們統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為元件映像寄存器。
3）輸入采樣（輸入處理）階段
每次掃描周期開(kāi)始時(shí)，先讀取輸入端子的當(dāng)前值，然后寫(xiě)到輸入映像寄存器中。在隨后的用戶(hù)程序執(zhí)行的過(guò)程中，CPU訪(fǎng)問(wèn)輸入映像寄存器，而非讀取輸入端子的狀態(tài)，通常要求輸入信號(hào)有足夠的脈沖寬度，才能被相應(yīng)。
4）程序執(zhí)行階段
用戶(hù)程序執(zhí)行階段，PLC按照梯形圖的順序，自左而右、自上而下地逐步掃描，在這一階段中，CPU從用戶(hù)程序的第一條指令開(kāi)始執(zhí)行直到最后一條指令結(jié)束，程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果放入輸出映像寄存器和其他軟元件映像寄存器中。CPU逐條解釋并執(zhí)行用戶(hù)程序。在此階段，允許對(duì)數(shù)字量I/O指令和不設(shè)置數(shù)字濾波的模擬量I/O指令進(jìn)行處理，在掃描周期的各個(gè)部分，均可對(duì)中斷事件進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。
5）輸出刷新（輸出處理）階段
每個(gè)掃描周期結(jié)束時(shí)，CPU先把存在輸出映像寄存器中的數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入輸出鎖存器中。再輸出到數(shù)字量輸出端子，以更新輸出狀態(tài)。然后PLC進(jìn)入下一個(gè)循環(huán)周期，重新執(zhí)行輸入采樣階段，周而復(fù)始。
綜上所述，在輸入處理階段，PLC把所有外部輸入電路的接通/斷開(kāi)狀態(tài)讀入輸入映像寄存器。外接的輸入觸電接通時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器為“1”狀態(tài)，梯形圖中對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入繼電器的常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)接通，常閉觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)。外接的輸入觸點(diǎn)電路斷開(kāi)時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入映像寄存器為“0”狀態(tài)，梯形圖中對(duì)應(yīng)的輸入繼電器的常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)，常閉觸點(diǎn)接通。在程序執(zhí)行階段，即使外部輸入信號(hào)的狀態(tài)發(fā)生了改變，輸入映像寄存器的狀態(tài)也不會(huì)隨之而變，輸入信號(hào)變化了的狀態(tài)只可能在下一個(gè)掃描周期的輸入處理階段被讀入。PLC的用戶(hù)程序由若干條指令組成，指令在存儲(chǔ)器中按步序號(hào)順序排列。在沒(méi)有跳轉(zhuǎn)指令時(shí)，CPU從第一條指令開(kāi)始，逐條順序地執(zhí)行用戶(hù)程序，直到用戶(hù)程序結(jié)束為止。在執(zhí)行指令時(shí)，從輸入映像寄存器或其他元件映像寄存器中將有關(guān)編程軟件的0/1狀態(tài)讀出來(lái)，并根據(jù)指令的要求執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的邏輯運(yùn)算，運(yùn)算的結(jié)果寫(xiě)入到對(duì)應(yīng)的元件映像寄存器中。因此，各編程元件的映像寄存器的內(nèi)容會(huì)隨著程序的執(zhí)行而變化。在輸出處理階段，CPU將輸入映像寄存器的0/1狀態(tài)傳送到輸出鎖存器。梯形圖中某一輸出繼電器的線(xiàn)圈“通電”時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器為“1”狀態(tài)。上面某一編程軟件（如輸入繼電器、輸出繼電器）對(duì)應(yīng)的映像寄存器為“1”狀態(tài)時(shí)，稱(chēng)該編程元件為ON，元件映像寄存器為“0”狀態(tài)時(shí)，稱(chēng)該編程元件為OFF。信號(hào)經(jīng)輸出模塊隔離和功率放大后，繼電器型輸出模塊中對(duì)應(yīng)的硬件繼電器的線(xiàn)圈通電，其常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)閉合，使外部負(fù)載通電工作。如果梯形圖中輸出繼電器的線(xiàn)圈“斷電”，對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出映像寄存器為“0”狀態(tài)。在輸出刷新階段之后，繼電器型輸出模塊中對(duì)應(yīng)的硬件繼電器的線(xiàn)圈斷電，其常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)，外部負(fù)載斷電，停止工作。
譯文
Revolving door originated in Holland, has been one hundred years of history, at that time, before the special meaning from the automatic revolving door to today, revolving door endured a long history. The type is more, according to the control mode can be divided into automatic revolving door, semi-automatic revolving door and manual revolving door; According to the rotor structure can be divided into two wings revolving door way, 3 wing revolving door and 4 wing revolving door; According to the structure into a metal frame revolving door, national crystal revolving door and wood revolving door.
Foreign automatic revolving door development earlier. The technology is relatively mature. The automatic revolving door transmission technology has energy saving, low noise, smooth transmission, long life and reliable performance advantages; The control system using digital design system as the control center, a more powerful, more advantages, such as simple operation; Testing safety system using advanced infrared and microwave induction technology, used for moving object perception, control the operation of the door, use all sorts of safety testing sensor, realize the clip, impact-proof, prevent touch function. At the same time some manufacturers automatic revolving door also has remote control and liquid crystal display function.
Since the establishment of the new China, especially since the reform and opening up, the revolving door of appeared in our country and the various public and high-grade occasion. We stand tall buildings in the city, in the building, hotel, hotel, bank, shopping malls, office buildings, automatic door is everywhere. Automatic door can not only bring us people in and out of convenience, saving energy, including air conditioning, dustproof, and reduce the noise benefits such as to make our doors add a lot of the noble and elegant breath.
The automatic revolving door is building equipment of light machine electricity integration technology products, it gives a person with kind and easy feeling, and build a costly atmosphere, the brand new concept, spacious open appearance and high style design, can be called the nods eyeball pen of buildings, based on the forefront of building age tide. Building on the need to keep people in and out at the same time, they keep building good air circulation and the environment is beautiful, it is the architect met a big problem for the building, and the revolving door provide the ideal solution, it can effectively wind, dustproof and sound insulation, thus improving the building near the entrance to the environment. The greatest advantage of the revolving door is that it "forever and ever close the door open the door," which means that, for pedestrians, it always can open the door to door for buildings, and are always closed. The automatic revolving door because its always open at the same time, the characteristics of the closed forever, make its dynamic sealed effect is good. Therefore, the automatic revolving door has distinctive function in the development.
Definition of revolving door
The revolving door: single sash or more along the vertical axis rotation of door of door that revolving door.
The automatic revolving door: using various controller, signal control, to achieve single fan or more along the vertical shaft automatic door rotation and automatic stop door that the automatic revolving door.
Automatic door of the top product, revolving door give a person with kind and easy feeling, and build a costly atmosphere, its spacious open appearance and high style design, can be called the nods eyeball pen of buildings. The brand new concept, is unswervingly based on the forefront of building age tide. But the high cost also is not the average person can accept.
The automatic revolving door structure
The traditional 3 wing and 4 wing revolving door is the structure, or the central door shaft bearing institutions through installed vertically on the ground, and three or four door wing is fixed in the center spread type door shaft, and the doors, the Angle between the equal, fan (in between push counterclockwise) of the inner sanctuary, became a manual revolving door. The upper part of the shaft center door installation motors and other electrical control components, match again with sensors and safety device, will become automatic revolving door. This structure is stability, the use of high reliability, long service life. Considering the revolving door in stops must seal, so each of the three wing revolving door space can accommodate more people, but the door open net the width of the small. And four wings of the revolving door every space can accommodate less people, but the door is open width is bigger.
But, this kind of rotating central axis wing with double the fixed way that decided the door leaf width can not be too big, so the revolving door of only about 4 M maximum diameter. To understand this problem, engineers will center door shaft design became showroom, reducing the relative among door leaf width, increased the motor in the center of the opposite effect, make the rotating torque of the revolving door the biggest diameter expanded to 6 M, showroom and middle have very good adornment effect. As the door to consider the automatic revolving door emergency personnel's quick evacuation, so the revolving door to door wing during blackout manual push away, so take emergency functions of automatic revolving door open the door of the special similar hinge pick up hardware. But when wind pressure big, this kind of door leaf structure easy to blow away. The strength of the hardware that has become the automatic revolving door of the main quality problem. International automatic revolving door factories and design the dedicated electromagnetic locks, in case of a power cut just made can be promoting.
The performance of the automatic revolving door
Building on the need to keep people in and out at the same time, they keep building good air circulation and the environment is beautiful, it is the architect met a big problem for the building, and the revolving door provide the ideal solution, it can effectively wind, dustproof and sound insulation, thus improving the building near the entrance to the environment. The greatest advantage of the revolving door is that it "forever and ever close the door open the door," which means that, for pedestrians, it always can open the door to door for buildings, and are always closed. The automatic revolving door because its always open at the same time, the characteristics of the closed forever, make its dynamic sealed effect is good. Therefore, the automatic revolving door in the security has distinctive function of development, but in personnel flow automatic revolving door but not in advantage, because the speed of the door is fixed, every door between wing can hold is limited. Staff Each automatic revolving door have calibration personnel flow numerical.
The automatic revolving door because its always open at the same time never closed its dynamic characteristics and sealing effect under the condition of the often use relative to the other two kinds of automatic door is better. Because of the automatic revolving door for the communities in large public limited, or choose other two kinds of automatic door, after all, the automatic revolving door of this into higher. Usually in the automatic revolving door both sides a manually or automatically even open the door, on the one hand, increase capacity, on the other hand when the automatic revolving door malfunction, do not affect a person to pass. But in static sealing effect, automatic revolving door is much less than the other automatic door, because its door body movement way determines can only use over the tops of seal
Revolving door in our market prospect
With China's national economy steady growth, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the WTO to join in. From the start, our country in the new stage of building a well-off society and create a better life environment is decoration industry development of the big driving force. The modern city building adornment is decorated in, will be applied to the appearance of the high-tech buildings, urban image on the construction of the entrance of the intelligent reflect. The choice of the opposite by a single function type to the research on the development of individualized, grade, revolving door with its brand new concept, spacious open appearance and high style design, become the mainstream of contemporary architecture decoration, beyond doubt will choose facilities. The building is the pen that nods eyeball.
The automatic revolving door control system mainly by the revolving door, proximity sensors, PLC and inverter composition.
1) the revolving door and proximity sensors
The revolving door of 4 perpendicular glass door with the same shaft column constitutes, motor through the slow down the shaft of the column drives the revolving door, which causes the door rotation movement.
In order to realize the automation and intelligent system all round, the system in some revolving door the top of the frame, installing 4 proximity sensors, 3 of them as a pedestrian, facing a face of pedestrians to go out; The posts on the edge of the lateral were installed two sets the clip sensors; In the circular arc doors to the outside of the surface, respectively installed suspended keys and the special change speed buttons.
2) PLC programmable controller
The system USES mitsubishi company FXOS-14 MR-001 series, as the system of PLC control command center. This from the scene of the revolving door of PLC, frequency converter test signal of state signals, and building automatic monitoring and controlling system of instructions, and after collecting, processing and the completion of the inverter frequency control and automatic monitoring and controlling system for building the information feedback.
3) drives
In the public places, because the revolving door pedestrian or hinder the normal rotating objects revolving door phenomena happen often, and therefore to motor load changes, the big over current phenomenon occurs frequently, so choose general JP6C-T9 0.75 model converter. The inverter is fast response of the current limiting function, when load fluctuation, frequency converter is not trip, can automatic speed operation; When load are back to normal, frequency converter can automatically opens to the acc. Using the frequency converter, motor drive at low speed, and a strong ability starting torque can reach 150% of the rating. The converter has voltage and so on a series of advanced auto-tuning function.
4) operation state revolving door diagnosis program
Building automatic monitoring system in addition to using the camera for the external work state revolving door outside, still need to use information PLC control system for the revolving door inside the working state of information. So in the edit control system internal state diagnosis program, not only should care to the site maintenance personnel can use PLC, also care to fault diagnosis building automatic monitoring system accurate, convenient to use PLC to provide diagnostic information.
To sum up, the revolving door design is novel, the appearance generous, the function is all ready, use convenient control,, pedestrians contact with the keys also can ensure security. At the same time, close to the reliability of the sensor is also realize the revolving door automation and intelligent control system is one of the key. Is the collection and integration in the new and high technology products. At the same time in its better satisfaction of the masses of users to beg, expanded the PLC and general change the amount of applications, improve the revolving door of the control system of automation and intelligence, by the property management industry technical personnel and maintenance personnel of the brotherhood is green.
PLC control system hardware design should be met the following several functions:
(1) automatic ZhuanTing function
When to start automatically, and in a normal speed, 15 s regulated in and out, no one will automatically stalled and FengMen.
(2) functions. Disabled variable speed
Revolving door has low speed, medium speed and high speed three rotational speed and corresponding defect, and from three button to switch, in order to adapt to the people with disabilities, normal operation and an emergency evacuation of the different requirements of speed. Within 30 s always with 2 r/min speed speed, right now according to medium speed (from) and High speed (High) to ensure that the disabled is invalid, through security. His 30 s, automatic door at normal speed operation.
(3) the clip function
When the doors close to the song when the operation, if the pillar of trying to defend to clip from both between (area) into the revolving door, the door be automatic stalled in case GaShang pedestrians immediately. The pedestrian leave the clip area, automatic door, back in.
(4) anti-collision function
The pedestrian close to the post or meet the post, the object bounding revolving door immediately, in order to prevent the stalled after pedestrians or damaged objects, pedestrians or object to leave the post, automatic door, back in.
(5) the touch function
The pedestrian traffic in revolving door process, such as the doors of the gate, then met heels immediately stalled, in order to prevent the bruising pedestrian. The pedestrian leave door leaf, resume automatic door rotation.
(6) urgent stop function
When there is an emergency accident ten, press the abrupt stop button, door immediately stopped a sudden stop, remove the
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