全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計-直動式溢流閥的設(shè)計含7張CAD圖

全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計-直動式溢流閥的設(shè)計含7張CAD圖,液壓,輪式,裝載,系統(tǒng),設(shè)計,直動式,溢流,cad XXXXXXX XX（設(shè)計）任務(wù)書 論文（設(shè)計）題目：全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ——直動式溢流閥的設(shè)計 學(xué)號： XXXXXXX 姓名： XXXXXXX 專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 指導(dǎo)教師：XXXXXXX 系主任： XXXXXXX 一、主要內(nèi)容及基本要求 1、了解全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理及流程； 2、確定液壓系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)，驗算液壓系統(tǒng)的性能； 3、用Auto CAD繪圖軟件繪制裝配圖，零件圖； 4、設(shè)計說明書8000字以上，內(nèi)容完整，計算準(zhǔn)確； 5、外文翻譯3000 左右字符； 二、重點(diǎn)研究的問題 動臂液壓缸的設(shè)計，直動式液流閥的設(shè)計。 三、技術(shù)指標(biāo) 主要技術(shù)參數(shù)： 額定斗容5，液壓泵的理論流量=505.163，液壓泵的功率=210.485轉(zhuǎn)向泵流量≈61.2 油箱體積≈1520 四、進(jìn)度安排 序號 各階段完成的內(nèi)容 完成時間 1 查閱資料、調(diào)研 1周 2 開題報告、制定設(shè)計方案 2周 3 設(shè)計計算 3~8周 4 CAD畫圖 9~12周 5 整理說明書、外文翻譯 13~14周 6 修改圖紙和說明書 15周 7 打印圖紙、畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯 五、應(yīng)收集的資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 液壓傳動與氣壓傳動[M]。華中科技大學(xué)出版社。2008 楊曙東 何存興主編 [2] 現(xiàn)代工程圖學(xué)[M].湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社。2000 周良德 楊世平 邱愛紅等主編 [3] 機(jī)械設(shè)計（第八版）[M].高等教育出版社北京.2002 紀(jì)名剛等主編 [4] 機(jī)械原理（第七版）[M].西北工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械原理及機(jī)械零件教研室.2006 [5] 工程機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計計算（M）．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1985． [6] 液壓元件與系統(tǒng)（M）．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2005李壯云等編 [7] 行走機(jī)械液壓傳動．（M）．北京：人民交通出版社，2003姚懷新編 [8] 現(xiàn)代工程機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)分析（M）．北京：人民交通出版社，1998顏榮慶編 [9] 孔慶華 劉傳紹.極限測量與測試技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M].上海：同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社.2002 [10] 實(shí)用液壓技術(shù)（M）．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999張磊編 [11]理論力學(xué)（M）.西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 2004 尹冠生 XXXXXXX XX設(shè)計評閱表 學(xué)號 XXXXXXX 姓名 XXXXXXX 專業(yè) XXXXX 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）題目：全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計——直動式溢流閥的設(shè)計 評價項目 評 價 內(nèi) 容 選題 1.是否符合培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，體現(xiàn)學(xué)科、專業(yè)特點(diǎn)和教學(xué)計劃的基本要求，達(dá)到綜合訓(xùn)練的目的； 2.難度、份量是否適當(dāng)； 3.是否與生產(chǎn)、科研、社會等實(shí)際相結(jié)合。 能力 1.是否有查閱文獻(xiàn)、綜合歸納資料的能力； 2.是否有綜合運(yùn)用知識的能力； 3.是否具備研究方案的設(shè)計能力、研究方法和手段的運(yùn)用能力； 4.是否具備一定的外文與計算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力； 5.工科是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)分析能力。 論文 （設(shè)計）質(zhì)量 1.立論是否正確，論述是否充分，結(jié)構(gòu)是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)合理；實(shí)驗是否正確，設(shè)計、計算、分析處理是否科學(xué)；技術(shù)用語是否準(zhǔn)確，符號是否統(tǒng)一，圖表圖紙是否完備、整潔、正確，引文是否規(guī)范； 2.文字是否通順，有無觀點(diǎn)提煉，綜合概括能力如何； 3.有無理論價值或?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用價值，有無創(chuàng)新之處。 綜 合 評 價 XXXXXXX同學(xué)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計期間，能努力學(xué)習(xí)，刻苦鉆研，作風(fēng)踏實(shí)，行動積極，面對難題敢于鉆研。能認(rèn)真完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)，論文撰寫基本流暢、工作量較飽滿、論文格式符合規(guī)范，圖標(biāo)較清楚，鑒于其本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計已達(dá)到學(xué)士學(xué)位論文的要求。 同意其進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文答辯。 評閱人： 2012年5月 日 XXXXXXX XXX（設(shè)計）鑒定意見 學(xué)號：XXXXXXX 姓名： XXXXXXX 專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計說明書） 32 頁 圖 表 7 張 論文（設(shè)計）題目：全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計——直動式液流閥的設(shè)計 內(nèi)容提要： 目前國內(nèi)外的裝載機(jī)廣泛采用液壓技術(shù)，可使整個裝載機(jī)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)得到提高。裝載機(jī)主要用于裝卸運(yùn)作業(yè)。本設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容包括：工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)、轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)和行走機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計計算；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液壓元件的選擇計算；液壓系統(tǒng)的驗算；非標(biāo)件直動式溢流閥和動臂液壓缸的設(shè)計計算。行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用腳踏式操縱，先導(dǎo)控制的液控調(diào)速方式，使調(diào)速換向更為方便；工作裝置采用先導(dǎo)控制，使系統(tǒng)操作更加簡便；轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)采用方向盤轉(zhuǎn)向，運(yùn)用人機(jī)學(xué)，使駕駛室的布置更為合理，便于操縱。整個系統(tǒng)安全可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊和維修方便。 指導(dǎo)教師評語 XXXXXXX同學(xué)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計期間，態(tài)度積極端正，認(rèn)真查閱了一系列文獻(xiàn)資料，做了比較充分的準(zhǔn)備工作，在此期間完成了方案的初步設(shè)計，方案被認(rèn)定可行。在此基礎(chǔ)上，該同學(xué)通過對方案的分析，完成了全液壓輪式裝載機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，以及液壓元件直動式液流閥的設(shè)計，并完成了相關(guān)的特性分析。 利用 CAD軟件畫出了液壓系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖和裝配圖以及部分零件圖。完成了說明書的書寫以及相關(guān)外文文獻(xiàn)的翻譯。在設(shè)計過程中，XXXXXXX同學(xué)認(rèn)真努力，論文立意正確，論述比較清楚，符合設(shè)計要求。 同意該同學(xué)參加答辯。 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 答辯簡要情況及評語 答辯小組組長： 年 月 日 答辯委員會意見 答辯委員會主任： 年 月 日 Hydraulic system Chapter 1 Introduction Hydraulic Pump Station also known as the stations are independent h- ydraulic device. It requested by the oil gradually. And controlling the hydraulic oil flow direction, pressure and flow rate, applied to the mainframe and hy- draulic devices separability of hydraulic machinery. Users will be provided after the purchase hydraulic station and host of implementing agencies (motor oil or fuel tanks) connected with tubing, Hydraulic machinery can be realized from these movements and the work cycle. Hydraulic pump station is installed, Manifold or valve combination, t- anks, a combination of electrical boxes. Functional components : Pump device -- is equipped with motors and pumps, hydraulic station is the source of power. to mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure can be. Manifold -- from hydraulic valve body and channel assembled. Right direction for implementation of hydraulic oil, pressure and flow control. Valve portfolio -- plate valve is installed in up board after board conn- ects with the same functional IC. Tank -- plate welding semi-closed containers, also loaded with oil filtering network, air filters, used oil, oil filters and cooling. Electrical boxes -- at the two patterns. A set of external fuse terminal plate; distribution of a full range of electrical control. Hydraulic Station principle : motor driven pump rotation, which pump oil absorption from the oil tank. to mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to the station, hydraulic oil through Manifold (or valve combinations) realized the direction, pressure, After adjusting flow pipe and external to the cylinder hydraulic machinery or motor oil, so as to control the direction of the motive fluid transformation force the size and speed the pace of promoting the various acting hydraulic machinery. 1.1 A development course China Hydraulic (including hydraulic, the same below), pneumatic and seals industrial development process can be broadly divided into three phases, namely : 20 early 1950s to the early 1960s, the initial stage; 60's and 70 for specialized production system ;80~90's growth stage for the rapid development stage. Which, hydraulic industry in the early 1950s from the machine tool industry production of fake Su-grinder, broaching machine, copying lathe, and other hydraulic drive started, Hydraulic Components from the plant hydraulic machine shop, self-occupied. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology from the machine gradually extended to the agricultural machinery and mechanical engineering fields, attached to the original velocity of hydraulic shop some stand out as pieces of hydraulic professional production. To the late 1960s, early 1970s, with the development of mechanized production, especially in the second automobile factory in providing efficient, automated equipment, along with the Hydraulic Components manufacturing has experienced rapid development of the situation, a group of SMEs have become professional hydraulic parts factory. 1968 China's annual output of hydraulic components have nearly 200,000 in 1973, machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries, the production of hydraulic parts factory has been the professional development of more than 100 and an annual output more than one million. an independent hydraulic manufacturing industry has begun to take shape. Then, hydraulic pieces of fake products from the Soviet Union for the introduction of the product development and technical design combining the products to the pressure, Hypertension, and the development of the electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems, hydraulic application areas further expanded. Aerodynamic than the start of the industrial hydraulic years later, in 1967 began to establish professional pneumatic components factory, Pneumatic Components only as commodity production and sales. Sealed with rubber and plastics, mechanical seals and sealing flexible graphite sealing industry, the early 1950s from the production ordinary O-rings. rubber and plastics extrusion, such as oil seal sealing and seal asbestos products start to the early 1960s, begun production of mechanical seals and flexible graphite sealing products. 1970s, the burning of the former Ministry, a Ministry, the Ministry of Agricultural Mechanization System, a group of professional production plants have been established, and the official establishment of industries to seal industrial development has laid the foundation for growth. Since the 1980s, in the country's reform and opening up policy guidelines, with the development of the machinery industry, based mainframe pieces behind the conflicts have become increasingly prominent and attracted the attention of the relevant departments. To this end, the Ministry of the original one in 1982, formed the basis of common pieces of Industry, will be scattered in the original machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries centralized hydraulic, pneumatic and seals specialized factories, placing them under common management infrastructure pieces Bureau, so that the industry in the planning, investment, technology and scientific research and development in areas such as infrastructure pieces Bureau of guidance and support. Since then entered a phase of rapid development, has introduced more than 60 items of advanced technology from abroad, including more than 40 items of hydraulic, pneumatic 7. After digestion and absorption and transformation, now have mass production, and industry-leading products. In recent years, the industry increased the technological transformation efforts, in 1991, Local enterprises and the self-financing total input of about 20 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion yuan Hydraulic. Through technological transformation and technology research, and a number of major enterprises to further improve the level of technology, technique and equipment to be greatly improved. In order to form a higher starting point, specialization, and run production has laid a good foundation. In recent years, many countries in the development of common ownership guidelines, under different ownership SMEs rapid rise showing great vitality. With the further opening up, three-funded enterprises rapid development of industry standards for improving and expanding exports play an important role. Today, China has and the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries famous manufacturers joint ventures or wholly-owned by foreign manufacturers to establish a piston pump / motor, planetary reduction gears, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic Casting. pneumatic control valve, cylinder, gas processing triple pieces, mechanical seals, rubber and seal products more than 50 production enterprises, attracting foreign investment over 200 million U.S. dollars. 1.2 the current situation 1.21Basic Profiles After 40 years of efforts, China hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has formed a relatively complete categories. a certain level of technical capacity and the industrial system. According to the 1995 Third National Industrial Census statistics, hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and industrial 370,000 annual sales income of 100 million yuan in state-owned, village-run, private and cooperative enterprises, individual, "three capital" enterprises with a total of more than 1,300, of which about 700 hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and the approximately 300 thousand. By 1996 with the international trade statistics, the total output value of China's industry hydraulic 2.348 billion yuan, accounting for the world's 6; Pneumatic industry output 419 million yuan, accounting for world No. 10. 1.22 the current supply and demand profiles Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technological innovation, and high-pressure piston pump, gear pumps, vane pump, General Motors hydraulic valves, tanks, Non-lubricated aerodynamic pieces and various seals of the first large technology products has increased noticeably. stability of the mass production may, for various mainframe products provide a level of assurance. In addition, hydraulic and pneumatic components of the CAD system, pollution control, proportional servo technology has scored some achievements, and is already in production. Currently, hydraulic, pneumatic and seals products total about 3,000 species, more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are 1,200 hydraulic varieties, more than 10,000 specifications (including hydraulic products 60 varieties 500 specifications); Pneumatic are 1,350 varieties, more than 8,000 specifications; Rubber seal 350 species more than 5,000 specifications have been basically cater to the different types of mainframe products to the general needs, complete sets of equipment for major varieties of matching rate was over 60%, and started a small amount of exports. 1998 pieces of homemade hydraulic output 4.8 million. sales of about 28 billion (of which about 70% mechanical systems); aerodynamic pieces yield 3.6 million. sales of about 5.5 billion (of which about 60% of mechanical systems); Seals output of about 800 million. sales of about 10 billion (of which about 50% mechanical systems). According to the China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association 1998 annual report, hydraulic product sales rate of 97. 5% (101% for hydraulic), pneumatic 95.9%, 98.7% sealed. This fully reflects the basic marketing convergence. My hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has attained a great deal of progress, but with mainframe development needs, and the world's advanced level, there are still many gaps, mainly reflected in the product variety, performance and reliability, and so on. Hydraulic products as an example, products abroad only one-third, life for half abroad. In order to meet key mainframe, and mainframe imports of major technology and equipment needs, every year a large number of hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products imports. According to customs statistics and the analysis of data, in 1998 hydraulic, pneumatic and seals in the import about 200 million U.S. dollars, Hydraulic which about 1.4 billion dollars, aerodynamic nearly 030 million U.S. dollars, sealed about 030 million U.S. dollars. compared with a slight decline in 1997. By sums, currently imported products on the domestic market share of about 30%. 1998 pieces of the domestic market demand for hydraulic total of about six million, the total sales of nearly 40 billion; aerodynamic pieces of the total demand of about 5 million, with sales more than 700 million yuan; Seals total demand of about 1.1 billion. total sales of about 1.3 billion. 1.3 the development trend of the future 1.31 affect the development of the main factors (1) product development ability, and the level of technological development and speed can not completely meet the advanced mainframe products, major equipment and technology imported equipment and maintenance support; (2) the number of enterprises manufacturing technology, the level of equipment and management standards are comparatively backward, coupled with a strong sense of quality, resulting in low levels of product performance, quality, Reliability poor services in a timely manner, lack of user satisfaction and trust of the brand-name products; (3) industry specialization of production low, scattered strength, low repeat serious, between regions and enterprises of convergence products, blindly compete with each other, driving down prices, the decline of enterprise returns, lack of funds, liquidity difficulties, product development and technological transformation is inadequate and seriously restricted the industry to improve the overall level of competition and the increase of strength; (4) The internationalization of the domestic market and the increasing degree of foreign companies have entered the Chinese market and participate in competition with the domestic private and cooperative enterprises, individuals, foreign-funded enterprises, such as the rise of state-owned enterprises due to the growing impact. 1.32 the development trend As the socialist market economy continues to deepen, hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products in the market supply and demand and there is a greater change, long ago to a "shortage" of the seller's market has basically become a "structural surplus" of the characteristics of the buyer's market place . Overall capacity, is already in oversupply situation, in particular the general low level of hydraulic, pneumatic and seals, the general oversupply; and the host of urgent high-tech high-parameter, high value-added high-end products, and they do not satisfy the market needs, only dependent on imports. China joins the WTO, its impact may be even greater. Therefore, the "15" during the growth of the output value of industry, must not depend on volume growth and the industry should address the structural problems of their own, increase the intensity of the adjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, is, we should rely on the improvement of quality, and promote technical upgrading of products to meet market demand and stimulating, seek greater development. 2 The application of hydraulic power sliding stage 2.1 Power sliding Taiwan introduced This paper deals with the investigation for slide unit's impact and motion stabil?ity in modular machine tool fay means of the method of power bond graph and state space analysis. The dynamic mathematical model of self-adjusting back pressure speed control system used to drive slide unit is established. Main reasons and affect?ing factors for slide unit impact and motion unstability are analysed through compu?ter digital simulation, It is concluded from those that, if the structural dimensions of hydraulic cylinder and back pressure valve are designed rationally, the slide unit's dynamics will markedly be improved. NOMENCLATURE Sf flow source Sei sliding friction force in slide unit R equivalent viscous friction coefficient in slide unit Ii mass of slide unit and cylinder h mass of SABP valve spool Ci,C2 hydraulic capacitances of rod chamber and non-rod chamber in cylinder re- spec-tively C3 spring compliance of SABP valve R]rR2 hydraulic resistances of damping holes R9 hydraulic resistance of orifice of SABP valve Se2 presetting force of spring in SABP valve I4J5 equivalent liquid inertia in pipe lines C^Cg equivalent hydraulic capacitances in pipe lines equivalent hydraulic resistances in pipe lines V-j V^ oil-containing volumes in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectively P,r:, P-i oil pressures in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectively F load acted on slide unit V slide unit velocity * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Ur.iversity of Technology, Dalian. China. 2.2 Introduction During operation of modular machine tool, the changes of slid unit's speed and load acted on it in both magnitude and direction will affect working performar.ee to a different extent Particularly the impact caused by sudden vanishing of load and the motion unstability due to periodical change of load in operation will affect the surface quality of the workpiece machined, and the tool would be broken off under serious conditions, By using the method of power bond graph and state space analysis, the dynamic mathematical model of the system used to drive slide unit is established, that is called as self-adjusting back pressure speed control system and abbreviated to SABP system. In order to improve slide unit's dynamics, it is necessary to find out the main reasons and affecting factors, that must be based on computer digital simulation and study on the results. 2.3 Dynamic Mathematica Modeld The schematic diagram of SABP system is shown in Fig.l, the system is used to perform the cycle of feeding, stopping and returning. Four way control valve works in the right position during slide unit's feeding. The supply pressure of the pump is approximately constant under the action of pressure relief valve, the oil through the control valve and pressure compensated flow control valve enters the non-rod chamber to put slide unit forward. At the same time, the oil from the rod chamber is discharged through SABP valve and directional control valve to tank. In this process, the state of two check valves and pressure relief valve is not changed, To establish the mathematical model as reasonably and simply as possible, consideration must be focused on main affecting factors for a complex non-linear system such as the SABP system. It is illustrated by theoretical analysis and test result ' , that the transient time of the system is much longer than that of the flow control valve, and the flowrate overshoot of the valve in transients affects very small to slide unit speed because of the ;large effective sectional area of non-rod chamber in cylinder. For investigating the system's dynamics widely and deeply, the initial modeltn is further simplified in this paper, and so the study can be efficiently made with microcomputer. It is assumed that the flowrate through the flow control valve is constant in the whole transient process, and is denoted to a flow source.Fig.2 shows the structure diagram of the dynamic model of the system, it is composed of cylinder, slide unit, SABP valve and pipe line; etc. By using the method of power bond graph and state space analysis in this paper, the dynamic mathematical model of the system is to be established- The power bond graph is a power flow diagram, which expresses abstractly the actions among sub-systems as three effects, i.e. resistance effect, capacitive effect and inertia effect, according to the way of energy transform, on the basis of practical structure and by means of method of lumped parameters. The model is characterized by a clear conception in physics, and non-linear system can be accurately analysed in combination with method of state space analysis, thus it is a effective method used in the dynamic investigation of complex non-linear system in the'timedomain. From main performances of components in SAEP system, the power bond graph of the system has been formed by means of the rule of model establishing ' and is shown in Fig.3. Half arrow in each bond indicates a direction of power How, two variahles of power are effort variable and flow variable. O-junction illustrates algebraic summation of flow variables at common effort, i.e. parallel connection, 1-junction does algebraic summation of effort variables at common flow, i.e. series connection. The symbol TF represents power transformer between two types of energy, and transforming modulus between efforts or flows is noted below the symbol TF. Short transverse bar across one end of each bond shows causality between two variables. A full arrow expresses a control action. Among three actions, there is an integration or differential form in capacitive effect and inertia effect between two variables. So state equation may be derived from Fig.3, there are nine state variables in this complex nonlinear equation. Studying on the slide unit's dynamics is started with impact and motion stability. The equation is simulated by using the method of 4th order Runge-Kutta integration procedure on IBM-PC computer. Fig.4 and Fig.5 illustrate the results respectively. Slide unit's impact phenominon results from load's vanishing in the transients, ■ for example, the situation of drilling through workpiece, Fig.4 expounds the variations of the load and speed of slide unit, the pressures of chambers in cylinder. When slide unit motions evenly under the action of load, the oil pressure in non-rod chamber is very high, and there is a lot of hydraulic energy accumulated in side. The pressure decreases at once with load's discharging rapidly