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中國地質(zhì)大學長城學院
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯
系 別： 工程技術(shù)系
專 業(yè)：機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
姓 名： 李巍
學 號： 05208316
2012 年 1 月 18 日
包裝機的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢
簡單來說，包裝機就是把產(chǎn)品包裝起來機器，起著保護，美觀的作用。 包裝機主要分兩個方面，一是流水線式整體生產(chǎn)包裝，二是產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備。
包裝機簡介
1.流水線式整體生產(chǎn)包裝，應用于食品,醫(yī)藥,化工等行業(yè)的(袋裝,瓶裝)產(chǎn)品的灌裝 主要包括:液體(膏體)灌裝機,枕式包裝機，粉劑顆粒包裝機，給袋式自動包裝機等?！ ?
2.產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備, 用于產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)出來后的,噴(打)生產(chǎn)日期,封口,縮膜等。主要包括:灌裝機, 封口機,噴碼機,打包機,真空機,收縮機,真空包裝機等。
自動包裝機的優(yōu)勢
要想在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)，為自己創(chuàng)造出最大的利益，就要確保自己的食品包裝生產(chǎn)線運行良好，在生產(chǎn)過程中不會出現(xiàn)錯誤，這樣在盡量避免錯誤出現(xiàn)和故障的影響，才會為企業(yè)獲得最大的利益。自動化水平在制造工業(yè)中不斷提高，應用范圍正在拓展。包裝機械行業(yè)中自動化操作正在改變著包裝過程的動作方式和包裝容器及材料的加工方法。實現(xiàn)自動控制的包裝系統(tǒng)能夠極大地提高生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，顯著消除包裝工序及印刷貼標等造成的誤差，有效減輕職工的勞動強度并降低能源和資源的消耗。具有革命意義的自動化改變著包裝機械行業(yè)的制造方法及其產(chǎn)品的傳輸方式。設(shè)計、安裝的自動控制包裝系統(tǒng)，無論從提高包裝機械行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率方面，還是從消除加工誤差和減輕勞動強度方面，都表現(xiàn)出十分明顯的作用。尤其是對食品、飲料、藥品、電子等行業(yè)而言，都是至關(guān)重要的。自動裝置和系統(tǒng)工程方面的技術(shù)正在進一步深化，并得到更廣泛的應用。
發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
仍就食品的銷售包裝而言，現(xiàn)今最常用、最基本的包裝工藝方法有兩大類，即充填與裹包。充填方法幾乎適用于一切物料和各類包裝容器。具體講，對流動性較好的液體、粉體、散粒體，主要依靠自身重力，必要是輔以一定的機械作用便可完成包裝過程。而對黏性較強的半流體或體形較大的單件、組合件，則要求采用相應的擠壓、推入、拾放等強制性措施。至于裹包方法卻與此有所差異，它主要適用于外形規(guī)整、有足夠硬性挺性、且要求包裝得較緊實的單件或組合件，多用柔性的塑料及其復合材料(有的附加輕質(zhì)托盤、襯板)，借助機械作用進行裹包。 近十余年來，國際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機械及整個包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場開拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時靈活應變的生產(chǎn)手段。同時基于合理簡化包裝和優(yōu)勢包裝工藝方法的實際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術(shù)革新的步伐。尤其是與現(xiàn)代自動機床同步發(fā)展相呼應，逐步明確。要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機電一體化的大問題，無疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。 機械包裝代替手工包裝，大大提高了包裝的效率，但是包裝泛濫也已經(jīng)成為一種惡習。未來不僅僅包裝，包裝機械也將朝向環(huán)保發(fā)展。綠色環(huán)保就是未來的主旋律。
發(fā)展前景預測
目前，食品包裝企業(yè)大部分規(guī)模偏小，“小而全”是其主要特征之一，同時存在著不顧行業(yè)發(fā)展要求，重復生產(chǎn)那些成本低、工藝水平比較落后、易于制造的機械產(chǎn)品，行業(yè)內(nèi)目前大約有1/4的企業(yè)存在低水平重復生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象。這是對資源的極大浪費，造成包裝機械市場的混亂，阻礙行業(yè)的發(fā)展。 多數(shù)企業(yè)年產(chǎn)值在幾百萬元到1000萬元之間，低于100萬元的企業(yè)為數(shù)還不少。每年有近15%的企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)或倒閉，但又有15%的企業(yè)加入這個行業(yè)，極其不穩(wěn)定，現(xiàn)象阻礙了行業(yè)發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定性。 隨著科學技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，各種食品、水產(chǎn)加工品的出現(xiàn)，對食品包裝技術(shù)和設(shè)備都提出了新的要求。目前，食品包裝機械競爭日趨激烈，未來的食品包裝機械將配合產(chǎn)業(yè)自動化，促進包裝設(shè)備總體水平提高，發(fā)展多功能、高效率、低消耗的食品包裝設(shè)備。 實現(xiàn)食品包裝機械機電一體化 傳統(tǒng)的包裝機械多采用機械式控制，如凸輪分配軸式，后來又出現(xiàn)了光電控制、氣動控制等控制形式。但是，隨著食品加工工藝的日益提高，對包裝參數(shù)的要求不斷增多，原有的控制系統(tǒng)已難以滿足發(fā)展的需要，應采用新的技術(shù)改變食品包裝機械的面貌。當今的食品包裝機械是集機、電、氣、光、磁于一體的機械電子設(shè)備，在設(shè)計時，應著力于提高包裝機械的自動化程度，將包裝機械的研發(fā)與計算機結(jié)合，實現(xiàn)機電一體化控制。 機電一體化的實質(zhì)就是從系統(tǒng)觀點出發(fā)，運用過程控制原理，將機械、電子與信息、檢測等有關(guān)技術(shù)進行有機組合，實現(xiàn)整體最佳化。 總體講，它是將微機技術(shù)引入到包裝機械，應用機電一體化技術(shù)，開發(fā)智能化包裝技術(shù)，按產(chǎn)品自動包裝工藝要求組合成全自動包裝系統(tǒng)進行生產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)過程的檢測與控制、故障的診斷與排除將實現(xiàn)全面自動化，實現(xiàn)高速、優(yōu)質(zhì)、低耗和安全生產(chǎn)?？捎糜谒a(chǎn)加工食品的精確計量、高速充填和包裝過程自動控制等，將使包裝機械結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化，提高包裝產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。如最常見的塑料袋封口機，其封口質(zhì)量與包裝材料、熱封溫度和運行速度等有關(guān)。如材料(材質(zhì)、厚度)發(fā)生變化，那溫度和速度也要隨之改變，但變化多少卻難把握。如采用微機控制，將各種包裝材料的封口溫度和速度的最佳參數(shù)匹配輸入微機存儲器，再配上必要的傳感器，組成自動跟蹤系統(tǒng)，這樣，不管哪個工藝參數(shù)改變，都能保證最佳的封口質(zhì)量。采用新技術(shù)，建立自動化、多樣化、多功能集成化的包裝機械新體系食品包裝機械其技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢主要體現(xiàn)在高生產(chǎn)率、自動化、單機多功能、多功能組成生產(chǎn)線、采用新技術(shù)上。如:多工位制袋真空包裝機，其制袋、稱重、充填、抽真空、封口等多種功能可在一臺單機上完成；功能不同、效率相匹配的幾種機器可組合成為功能較齊全的生產(chǎn)線，如法國CRACECRYOYA和ISTM公司研制的鮮魚真空包裝生產(chǎn)線。采用相關(guān)新技術(shù)，在包裝方法上大量采用充氣包裝取代真空包裝，將充氣成分、包裝材料與充氣包裝機三方面的研究緊密結(jié)合起來；在控制技術(shù)上，更多地應用計算機技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)； 在封口方面應用熱管和冷封口技術(shù)。另外，隨著包裝從單一技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向與加工相結(jié)合研究取得進展，應將包裝技術(shù)領(lǐng)域延伸到加工領(lǐng)域，開發(fā)包裝、加工一體化的食品加工包裝設(shè)備。 適應國際市場要求，開發(fā)設(shè)計綠色包裝機械，國際包裝機械行業(yè)競爭日益激烈，綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對食品包裝機械行業(yè)提出更高的要求，所以，必須改變傳統(tǒng)的包裝機械設(shè)計及開發(fā)模式，在設(shè)計階段考慮到使包裝機械在其全生命周期中(設(shè)計、加工制造、裝配、使用、維修直至廢棄后處理處置過程)對環(huán)境無影響或影響最小化、資源低耗、易于回收等“綠色特征”，以提升包裝機械的核心競爭力。印刷用油墨在內(nèi)的關(guān)鍵原材料及其供應方目錄應進行備案，以便對批量生產(chǎn)的食品包裝/容器類產(chǎn)品進行監(jiān)督控制，使消費者能夠買到保證安全、放心的產(chǎn)品。因為千千萬萬消費者每天要食用的食品、藥品，必須使用不僅能保護內(nèi)容物不受病毒、病菌污染的軟塑包裝材料，還要求軟塑包裝材料本身符合安全衛(wèi)生的規(guī)定，避免包裝材料污染所包裝的食品、藥品，故保證食品包裝的衛(wèi)生安全性乃是當務之急。
自動套袋包裝機介紹
全自動套袋包裝機是熱收縮包裝機設(shè)備中最先進、自動化程度最高的一款產(chǎn)品。該產(chǎn)品適用于薄膜封切及熱收縮包裝。全自動熱收縮包裝機可以自動送膜、然后自動制袋、表面撫平，封口切膜打包、熱收縮包裝一次完成。同時對廢料可以進行回收。全自動熱收縮機的切刀為恒溫式特級鋁合金材料，為POF膜片封切特制。該切刀的特點是封口線比較細，抗粘。另外，針對包裝大小不一的情況，全自動熱收縮包裝機可以在一定范圍內(nèi)調(diào)整，不用更換磨具。同時可以手動調(diào)整的部位還有熱收縮爐溫度和熱收縮包裝的速度。該產(chǎn)品廣泛用在制藥、食品、文具、化妝品、電子產(chǎn)品、玩具等領(lǐng)域。 首先對套袋包裝機設(shè)定好加熱時間 按下手動或則自動按鈕后，齒條汽缸電磁閥得電輸出推動齒輪，齒輪帶動鏈條，此時齒條汽缸后位接近開關(guān)斷開。當齒條汽缸運行到上止點時，齒條汽缸的前位接近開關(guān)導通，烘箱汽缸電磁閥得電輸出。烘箱汽缸運行到上止點時，定時器啟動開始延時，齒條汽缸電磁閥斷電。定時結(jié)束，烘箱汽缸電磁閥斷電。依據(jù)工作方式標志位，決定是否繼續(xù)下一個 工作流程。
21世紀包裝機發(fā)展趨勢
真空包裝技術(shù)起源于20世紀40年代。自1950年聚酯、聚乙烯塑料薄膜成功地應用于商品包裝以來，真空包裝機便得到迅速的發(fā)展，其技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢主要體現(xiàn)在高生產(chǎn)率、自動化、單機多功能、組成生產(chǎn)線、采用相關(guān)新技術(shù)這5個方面。
1、高生產(chǎn)率。真空包裝機的生產(chǎn)率已從每分鐘數(shù)件發(fā)展到數(shù)10件，熱成型—充填—封口機的生產(chǎn)率可達500件/分以上。
2、自動化。如星火500雙室真空包裝機具有抽真空、封口、印字、冷卻一次性完成之功能，主要用于茶葉、花生、蝦仁、玉米等食品的包裝。
3、單機多功能。在單機上實現(xiàn)多功能，可方便地擴大使用范圍。實現(xiàn)單機多功能必須采用模塊化設(shè)計，通過功能模塊的變換和組合，成為適用于不同包裝材料、包裝物品、包裝要求的不同類型的真空包裝機。代表性的產(chǎn)品有德國BOSCH公司所屬的HESSER廠生產(chǎn)的心軸輪多工位制袋真空包裝機，其制袋、稱重、充填、抽真空、封口等多種功能可在一臺單機上完成。
4、組成生產(chǎn)線。當需要的功能越來越多時，將所有的功能集中在一個單機上會使結(jié)構(gòu)非常復雜，操作維修也不方便，這時可把功能不同、效率相匹配的幾種機器組合成功能較齊全的生產(chǎn)線。
5、采用相關(guān)新技術(shù)。在包裝方法上大量采用充氣包裝取代真空包裝，將充氣成分、包裝材料與充氣包裝機三方面的研究緊密結(jié)合起來；在控制技術(shù)上，更多地應用計算機技術(shù)和微電子技術(shù)；在封口方面應用熱管和冷封口技術(shù)，也可以將先進的裝置直接安裝在真空包裝機上，如裝上計算機控制的粗粒物料高精度組合秤；在旋轉(zhuǎn)或真空包裝機上，應用先進高速的圓弧面凸輪分度機械等。
Research and development trend of the packaging machine
Simply put, the packaging machine is the product packaging up the machine, plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas, the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.
Packing Machine Profile
1.the pipelined overall production of packaging, used in food, medicine, chemical industry (bags, bottled) filling include: liquid (paste) filling machine, pillow packing machine, powder, granule packing machine, to bag automatic packaging machine.
2. Peripheral packaging equipment for the product produced, the spray date of manufacture, sealing, shrink film. Include: filling machine, sealing machine, inkjet printer, packing machine, vacuum machine, shrink machine, vacuum packing machines and other.
The advantages of automatic packaging machine
To within the stipulated time for themselves to create the maximum benefit, it is necessary to ensure their own food packaging production line is running well, without error in the production process, so in order to avoid errors and failure of will enterprises to obtain the maximum benefit. Level of automation in the manufacturing industry, continuous improvement, is expanding its range of applications. Automation in the packaging machinery industry is changing the action mode of the packaging process and packaging containers and materials processing methods. Packaging systems for automatic control can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality, significantly eliminate the packaging process and printed labeling error, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers and reduce energy and resource consumption. The automation of revolutionary change the transmission of the manufacturing method of the packaging machinery industry and its products. Design, install the automatic control of packaging systems, in terms of improving product quality and production efficiency of the packaging machinery industry, or from the elimination of processing errors and reduce labor intensity, have demonstrated a very significant role. Especially for food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, electronics and other industries, are essential. Automatic devices and systems engineering aspects of the technology is further deepened, and a wider range of applications.
Development Status
Still on the sale of food packaging, the most common and basic packaging technology there are two categories, namely, filling and wrapping. The filling method is suitable for almost all materials and all kinds of containers. Specifically, good fluidity liquid, powder, granular, mainly depends on its gravity, if necessary, supplemented by some mechanical action can be completed in the packaging process. Semi liquid or body of viscous strong large one-piece assembly, the corresponding squeeze, push, pick and place and other coercive measures. The wrapping method shows just the difference, it mainly applies to the regular shape, there is enough hard very nature, and requires tight packing single or combination, the use of flexible plastics and composite materials (and some additional lightweight tray liners), wrapping the aid of mechanical action. The past decade, the international packaging industry attaches great importance to improve the general ability of packaging machinery and packaging systems and multi-function integration capabilities to provide timely and flexible response of the means of production for the market to develop the rapid diversification of commodities. Based on reasonable actual need to simplify the method of packaging and advantages of the packaging process, continuing to explore, significantly accelerated the pace of technological innovation. In particular, the simultaneous development of modern automatic machine echoes gradually clear. To build a diverse, universal, multi-function integrated packaging machinery system, we must first focus on solving the big problem of the combination and the mechanical and electrical integration, no doubt, this is an important development in the future direction. Mechanical packaging instead of manual packaging, greatly improving the efficiency of the packaging, packaging flooding has become a habit. Not only the future of packaging, but it is also packaging machinery will also be toward the development of the environmental protection. Green is the main theme of the future.
Future prospects of
At present, most of the food packaging business scale is small, "small" is one of its main characteristics, exist regardless of the industry development requirements, repeat the production of those low cost, and level of technology is relatively backward, easy to manufacture mechanical products industry At present there are about 1/4 of the corporate existence of low-level repetitive phenomenon. This is a tremendous waste of resources, resulting in the packaging machinery market confusions; hinder the development of the industry. The annual output value of the majority of enterprises in a few million dollars to 10 million dollars, the number of less than 100 million businesses there are still many. Annual conversion or closure of nearly 15% of the enterprises, but another 15% of companies have joined this industry, is extremely unstable, the phenomenon has hindered the development of the industry's stability. With the continuous development of science and technology, a variety of food, aquatic products, the emergence of new demands on food packaging technology and equipment. Currently, the increasingly fierce competition in the food packaging machinery, food packaging machinery in the future will be coordinated with the industrial automation, to promote the overall level of packaging equipment, and the development of versatile, high efficiency, low consumption of food packaging equipment. Packaging machinery food packaging machinery, mechanical and electrical integration of traditional use of mechanical control, such as the distribution cam shaft, and later a photoelectric control, pneumatic control and other forms of control. However, with increasing food processing, packaging parameters continue to increase, the original control system has been difficult to meet the needs of the development should adopt a new technology has changed the face of food packaging machinery. Today's food packaging machinery, machine, electricity, gas, light, magnetic, mechanical and electrical equipment, design, should focus on improving the degree of automation of packaging machinery, packaging machinery research and development combined with the computer, mechanical and electrical integration. Controlled. Mechanical and electrical integration, in essence, be starting from the system point of view, the use of process control theory, the technology of the machinery, electronics and information, testing organic combination, to achieve the overall best. Overall speaking, it is to bring computer technology to the packaging machinery, application of macaronis technology to develop intelligent packaging technology, packaging technology requirements by product into automatic packaging system for production, detection and control of the production process, fault diagnosis and preclude the realization of fully automated, high-speed, high-quality, low consumption and production safety. Can be used for accurate measurement of aquatic processed foods, high-speed filling and packaging process automatic control, will enable the packaging machinery structure greatly simplified, and improve the quality of packaging products. Such as the most common plastic bag sealing machine, sealing quality and packaging materials, sealing temperature and running speed, etc.. Change such as material (material, thickness), temperature and speed should change, but change the number of difficult to grasp. Such as the use of computer control, the best parameter matching a variety of packaging materials, sealing temperature and speed to enter the computer memory, adding the necessary sensors, to form an automatic tracking system, so, no matter what changes in process parameters, can guarantee the best sealing quality. Adopt new technologies, build automation, diversification, multi-function integrated a new system of food packaging machinery, packaging machinery, technology trends reflected in the production line of high productivity, automation, stand-alone multi-function, multi-functional composition, the use of new technologies. Such as: multi bag vacuum packaging machine, its bag making, weighing, filling, vacuum sealed, and a variety of functions in a single; different functions, to match the efficiency of several machines can be combined as a functional complete production lines, such as fresh fish developed by French CRACECRYOYA and ISTM vacuum packaging production line. Using new technology, packaging methods, extensive use of inflatable packaging to replace the vacuum packaging, the three aspects of the inflation component, packaging material and inflatable packaging machine to closely combine; in control technology, and application of computer technology and microelectronic technology; seal heat pipes and cold sealing technology. In addition, with the packaging from a single technology to the combination of research progress and processing, the field of packaging technology should be extended to the processing area, the development of packaging, processing integrated food processing and packaging equipment. Adapt to international market requirements, development and design of green packaging machinery, international packaging machinery industry is increasingly competitive, demanding higher green trade barriers for food packaging machinery industry, therefore, must change the traditional packaging machinery design and development model in the design phase to packaging machinery in its full life cycle (design, manufacturing, assembly, use, maintenance until after the waste treatment and disposal process) the environmental impact or minimize the impact of resources and low consumption, easy recovery "green features" to enhance the core competitiveness of the packaging machinery. Printing ink included is the key raw materials and supply-side directory should be carried out for the record, supervision and control to the mass production of food packaging / container products so that consumers can buy to ensure a safe and secure products. Because millions of consumers every day consumption of food, medicine, must be used not only to protect the contents from viruses, bacteria contamination of soft plastic packaging materials, also called soft plastic packaging material is in compliance with the provisions of the Safety and Health, to avoid packing material contamination of the packaged food, medicines, and therefore to ensure the health safety of food packaging is a priority.
Automatic bagging packaging machine
The automatic bagging packaging machine shrinks packaging machine equipment, the most advanced and highest degree of automation of a product. The products are suitable for the film of the sealing and shrink packaging. Automatic shrink packaging machine can be automatically sent to the membrane, and then the automatic bag, smooth surface, sealing cut membrane packing, shrink packing at once. Waste can be recycled. Automatic Shrink Machine cutter for the thermostatic premium aluminum alloy, the Chet system for POF diaphragm seal. The cutter is characterized by the sealing line is quite thin, anti-stick. In addition, for the packaging of different sizes, automatic shrink packaging machine can be adjusted within a certain range, do not replace the abrasive. At the same time the site can manually adjust the Shrink temperature and speed shrink packaging. The product is widely used in pharmaceutical, food, stationery, cosmetics, electronic products, toys and other fields. First bagged packaging machine set heating time manually or is automatically button is pressed, the output of the rack cylinder electric solenoid valve to promote gear, gear driven chain, the rack cylinder proximity switch disconnected. When the rack cylinder run to the only point, the first proximity switch turns on, the oven of the rack cylinder solenoid valve is energized output. Oven cylinder run to the point, the timer start delay, the rack cylinder solenoid valve power. Timing the end of the oven cylinder solenoid valve power. Flag, according to the work to decide whether to continue under a workflow.
Packaging machine development trend of the 21st century
Vacuum packaging technology originated in the 1940s. Since 1950 polyester, polyethylene plastic film used in the packaging of goods, vacuum packaging machine will be the rapid development of technology trends reflected in the high productivity, automation, and stand-alone multi-function, composition of the production line, the use of new technology These five aspects.
1. Highly productivity. The productivity of the vacuum packaging machine from a few pieces per minute development to the number 10, thermoforming - Fill - Seal Machine productivity up to 500 / min or more.
2. Automation. Such as the Spark 500 double chamber vacuum packaging machine with vacuum sealing, printing, cooling a one-time completion of the function is mainly used for tea, peanuts, shrimp, corn and other food packaging.
3. standing alone multi-function. Stand-alone function can easily expand the scope of use. Achieve stand-alone multi-function must be modular in design, transformation and combination of functional modules, for different packaging materials, packaging materials, packaging requirements of different types of vacuum packaging machine. Representative products HESSER production plants in Germany BOSCH Company belongs spindle round multi bag vacuum packaging machine, bag, weighing, filling, vacuum sealed, and a variety of functions to be completed in a single .
4. Be composed of the production line. All the features concentrated in a single machine when a growing number of the functionality required making a very complex structure, operation and maintenance is not easy, this time function can be different, and efficiency to match the combination of several machines successfully, more complete production line.
5. The use of new technology. Inflatable packaging to replace the vacuum packaging, the three aspects of the inflation component, packaging material and inflatable packaging machine to closely combine the extensive use of packaging methods; in control technology, application of computer technology and microelectronics technology; in sealing the application of heat pipes and cold sealing technology, advanced devices also can be installed directly on the vacuum packaging machine, such as installed on the computer-controlled precision combination of scale of the coarse-grained materials; rotation or vacuum packaging machine, the application of advanced high-speed circular surface cam machinery.