基于UG的相機(jī)殼注塑模設(shè)計(jì)-相機(jī)外殼【22張圖紙】
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二、注塑模和壓縮模盡管成型某些熱固性材料的方法取得了一定進(jìn)步,但注塑模主要(還是)用來生產(chǎn)熱塑性塑件(這主要是因?yàn)椋峁绦运芰先垠w的過程中,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況,這個(gè)問題一直非常難解決。住宿成型要換里和鑄造十分相似。住宿成型的工藝過程包括:首先把料斗中的粉狀或粒狀的塑料混合物依次輸送到定量去和熔化區(qū),然后再注射到模具型腔中,經(jīng)過短時(shí)冷卻后,開模,推出成型塑件。注塑機(jī)分為手動(dòng),半自動(dòng)及全自動(dòng)操作。住宿模具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):(i) 較高的成型速度使大批量生產(chǎn)成為可能;(ii) 為成形具有不同使用性能的熱塑性材料提供了較寬的選擇;(iii) 可成型帶有螺紋的塑件、側(cè)向凹陷的塑件、帶有側(cè)孔的塑件和較大的薄壁件。熔融塑料注入模具中通常有幾種方式。在大型注塑機(jī)上采用往復(fù)螺桿式的注入方式。螺桿同時(shí)具有注射和塑化的功能。樹脂原料進(jìn)入旋轉(zhuǎn)的螺桿時(shí),要經(jīng)過三個(gè)區(qū)域:喂入?yún)^(qū)、壓實(shí)區(qū)和塑化區(qū)經(jīng)過喂入?yún)^(qū)后,為壓實(shí)樹脂原料,螺桿螺旋部分的深度逐漸降低,同時(shí)傳遞樹脂原料間因剪切作用而產(chǎn)生的熱量,使原料呈現(xiàn)半流動(dòng)狀態(tài)。在計(jì)量區(qū),螺缸表面的加熱裝置對熔體進(jìn)一步加熱。當(dāng)熔體充滿螺桿前部區(qū)域時(shí),螺桿在熔體壓力的作用下后退,觸動(dòng)限位開關(guān)使液壓缸工作,在液壓力的作用下推動(dòng)螺桿向前運(yùn)動(dòng),將熔融塑料注射到閉合的模具型腔中。防倒流閥能夠阻止受壓熔體倒流進(jìn)螺桿的螺旋區(qū)。注塑機(jī)的鎖磨系統(tǒng)所提供的鎖模力由(塑件在分型面的投影)尺寸決定,鎖模力以噸為單位。通常靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)來決定塑件所需要的鎖模力總噸數(shù),一般在塑件投影面積上每平方英寸需要作用兩噸鎖模力。如果熔體流動(dòng)困難或塑件較薄,鎖模力應(yīng)提高到三到四噸。許多螺桿式注塑機(jī)能生產(chǎn)熱固性塑料。以前,熱固性塑料由擠出模具或傳遞模具生產(chǎn)。熱固性塑料熔體在模具內(nèi)固化或發(fā)生聚合反應(yīng),并在溫度為375410范圍內(nèi)推出熱塑性塑料熔體必須在模具冷卻成型,以保證推出時(shí)不發(fā)生變形。這種熱硬化性循環(huán)速度很快。當(dāng)然,生產(chǎn)熱塑性塑件時(shí),模具必須被加熱,而不是冷卻。注塑模重要性有:、塑料具有密度小、質(zhì)量輕、比強(qiáng)度大、絕緣性好、介電損耗低、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)、成型生產(chǎn)率高和價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民日常生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到了日益廣泛的應(yīng)用,早在二十世紀(jì)九十年代初,塑料的年產(chǎn)量按體積計(jì)算已經(jīng)超過鋼鐵和有色金屬年產(chǎn)量的總和。在機(jī)電(如所謂的黑色家電)、儀表、化工、汽車和航天航空等領(lǐng)域,塑料已成為金屬的良好代用材料,出現(xiàn)了金屬材料塑料、以汽車工業(yè)為例,由于汽車輕量化、低能耗的發(fā)展要求,汽車零部件的材料構(gòu)成發(fā)生了明顯的以塑代鋼的變化,目前我國汽車塑料占汽車自重的5%至6%,而國外已達(dá)13%,根據(jù)專家預(yù)測,汽車塑料的單車用量還將會(huì)進(jìn)一步增加。在現(xiàn)代車輛上,無論是外裝飾件、內(nèi)裝飾件,還是功能與結(jié)構(gòu)件,都可以采用塑料材料,外裝飾件有保險(xiǎn)杠、擋泥板、車輪罩、導(dǎo)流板等;內(nèi)裝飾件有儀表板、車門內(nèi)板、副儀表板、雜物箱蓋、座椅、后護(hù)板等;功能與結(jié)構(gòu)件有油箱、散熱器水室、空濾器罩、風(fēng)扇葉片等。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國2000年汽車產(chǎn)量200多萬輛,車用塑料達(dá)138萬噸。從國內(nèi)外汽車塑料應(yīng)用的情況看,汽車塑料的用量現(xiàn)已成為衡量汽車生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平的標(biāo)志之一。、作為塑料制件最有效的成型方法之一的注塑成型由于可以一次成型各種結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、尺寸精密和帶有金屬嵌件的制品,并且成型周期短,可以一模多腔,生產(chǎn)率高,大批生產(chǎn)時(shí)成本低廉,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn),因此在塑料加工行業(yè)中占有非常重要的地位。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),塑料模具約占所有模具(包括金屬模)的38.2%,塑料制品總重量的大約32%是用于注射成型的,80%以上的工程塑料制品都要采用注射成型方式生產(chǎn)。、根據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國2000年共進(jìn)口模具9.77億美元,其中塑膠模具共5.5億美元,占56.3%,2001年共進(jìn)口模具11.12億美元,其中塑膠模具共6.16億美元,占55.4%。從品種上來說,進(jìn)口量最大的是塑膠模具。在壓縮成型過程中,塑料原料是以粉狀或錠料形式放置在加熱的金屬模具型腔中。因?yàn)榉中兔媸撬矫?,上模就垂直下行。閉合模具后,預(yù)成型加壓加熱作用一段時(shí)間。在壓力為23t/in和溫度為華氏溫度350的作用下,是塑料呈半液態(tài),充滿模具型腔。雖然近年來開發(fā)的酚醛樹脂可在25S內(nèi)塑化,但塑料通常的塑化需要115min。最后開模取出塑件。如果零件中含有金屬嵌件,應(yīng)在注入塑料前,講嵌件放入型腔定位孔中。錠料在裝入模腔前預(yù)熱出去氣體,增強(qiáng)流動(dòng)性,以便于充滿模具和縮短塑化時(shí)間。電介質(zhì)加熱時(shí)加熱錠料的便利方法。因?yàn)樗芰鲜侵苯蛹尤肽>咝颓恢械?,所以壓縮模比其他模塑料工藝的模具簡單,不需要澆道和澆口,可以節(jié)省原料,因?yàn)榍謇頋驳篮蜐部冢瑢峁绦运芰蟻碚f是極大的浪費(fèi)。用于壓縮模塑的壓力機(jī)通常是垂直液壓機(jī)。較大的壓力機(jī)要求操作者全神貫注地操作;然而,一個(gè)操作者可以同時(shí)操作幾臺小型壓力機(jī),因此壓力機(jī)要合理放置以便操作者能夠方便你從一臺到另一臺進(jìn)行操作,操作者要保證當(dāng)他再次繞道特定壓力機(jī)前時(shí),模具恰好準(zhǔn)備開模。熱固性塑料在加熱和加壓作用下固化,這個(gè)特性決定其適合壓縮模和傳遞模。因?yàn)閴嚎s模要交替的加熱和冷卻,所以熱塑性塑料實(shí)際上不是用于壓縮成型。為了使熱塑性塑料之間硬化并從型腔中頂出,就需要將塑件冷卻。壓縮模的類型。 用于壓縮的模具可分為四種基本類型,分別是:不溢式壓縮模、擋環(huán)不溢式壓縮模、溢式壓縮模和半溢式壓縮模。在不溢式壓縮模中,柱塞式凸模隨上模進(jìn)入下模模腔成型,因?yàn)橄履]有擋環(huán)或限位裝置,柱塞式凸模繼續(xù)下行以全部壓力施加在塑料上,這樣就成產(chǎn)出具有良好電性能和物理性能的致密塑件。加入模腔的塑料劑量須精確計(jì)量,以為其影響零件的壁厚。擋環(huán)不溢式壓縮模與不溢式壓縮模類似,只是在預(yù)定點(diǎn)處增加了擋環(huán),使柱塞式凸模在預(yù)定點(diǎn)停止運(yùn)動(dòng),在這種模具中擋環(huán)吸收了原應(yīng)作用在零件上的部分壓力。這種壓縮??删_控制零件的壁厚,但是塑件密度的變化是相當(dāng)大的。在溢式壓縮模中,溢料會(huì)增加上下模的尺寸。當(dāng)上模對塑料施壓時(shí),多余的塑料會(huì)從分型面處溢出。對溢料進(jìn)一步施壓,他就硬化最后在上模形成飛邊。生產(chǎn)致密塑件通常需要使用的計(jì)算量稍多的原料來增加壓力。這種類型的模具之所以在生產(chǎn)中廣泛采用,是因?yàn)樗雽Ρ容^容易制造,并能夠控制塑件的厚度和致密度,使其更接近要求。半溢式壓縮模是溢式壓縮模和不溢式壓縮模的組合類型,除了飛邊外,采用的擋環(huán)可限制上模的移動(dòng)。南京工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 江蘇財(cái)經(jīng) 學(xué)院 數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì) 專業(yè)設(shè) 計(jì) 題 目 基于UG的相機(jī)殼注塑模設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 生 姓 名 潘 濤 班 級 10模具(本) 起 止 日 期 2012.02.06-04.26 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 林 偉 教研室主任 赫英岐 發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 2012年2月6日1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的原始數(shù)據(jù):(1)產(chǎn)品圖及其技術(shù)要求; (2)生產(chǎn)批量:中批量。2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求(包括技術(shù)要求、圖表要求以及工作要求等): (1)繪制產(chǎn)品零件圖;(2)查閱資料并就自己承當(dāng)?shù)恼n題方向?qū)懗鲩_題報(bào)告(嚴(yán)格按統(tǒng)一格式);(3)完成產(chǎn)品的工藝設(shè)計(jì)及模具設(shè)計(jì)并繪制模具及模具零件的工程圖;(4)按規(guī)定格式和要求用Word打印設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份;(5)用PowerPoint或其它軟件制作答辯提綱一份。3.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)完成的技術(shù)文件:(1)產(chǎn)品零件圖;(2)開題報(bào)告(格式見校園網(wǎng)); (3)模具裝配圖及各零件圖;(4)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書;(5)上述所有文檔的刻錄光盤一張。4.主要參考文獻(xiàn):(1)李秦蕊主編 塑料模具設(shè)計(jì) 西安工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 1997(2)申開智主編 塑料成型模具 中國輕工業(yè)出版社 2009(3)廖念釗主編 互換性與技術(shù)測量 中國計(jì)量出版社 1998(4)王鵬駒主編 塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)手冊 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2008(5)吳宗澤主編 機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2006(6)羅和生主編 塑料材料手冊 廣東出版社 2004(7)張國強(qiáng)主編 塑料模設(shè)計(jì)與生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用 應(yīng)用出版社 2005(10) 王永主編 注塑模具經(jīng)驗(yàn)點(diǎn)評 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 20075.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位):起 止 日 期工 作 內(nèi) 容備 注第1-2周(02.06-02.19)1、熟悉課題,查閱并收集有關(guān)資料,為寫開題報(bào)告做準(zhǔn)備;2、繪制產(chǎn)品零件圖;3完成工藝性分析,提出設(shè)計(jì)方案;檢查零件圖和方案第3-4周(02.20-03.04)1、寫出開題報(bào)告初稿。2、完成工藝計(jì)算;3、完成模具零件結(jié)構(gòu)形式確定及設(shè)計(jì),選擇設(shè)備。檢查開題報(bào)告第5-6周(03.05-03.18)1、第8周完成開題報(bào)告的最后定稿;2、繪制模具草圖檢查開題報(bào)告與模具結(jié)構(gòu)草圖第7-9周(03.18-04.08)繪制模具裝配圖及各設(shè)計(jì)件零件圖檢查圖(電子版)第10-11周(04.09-04.22)編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書檢查設(shè)計(jì)說明書第12周(04.23-04.26)打印畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)資料并準(zhǔn)備答辯檢查答辯PPT教研室審查意見: 室主任 2012年2月8 日學(xué)院審查意見: 教學(xué)院長 2012年2月12 日二、The injection and Compression MoldingInjection molding si principally used for the production of the thermoplastic parts, although some progress has been made in developing a method for injection molding some thermosetting materials. The problem of injecting a melted plastic into a mold cavity form a reservoir of melted material has been extremely difficult to solve for thermosetting plastics which cure and harden under such conditions within a few minutes. The principle of injection molding is quite similar to that of die-casting. The process consists of feeding a plastic compound in powdered or granular form from a hopper through metering and melting stages and then injecting it into a mold. After a brief coolling period, the mold is opened and the solidified part ejected. Injection-molding machines can be arranged for manual operation, automatic single-cucle operation, and full automatic operation. The advantage of injection molding are:(i) a high molding speed adapted for mass production is possible;(ii) there is a wide choice of thermoplastic materials providing a variety of usefull properties;(iii) it is possible to mold threads, undercuts, side holes, and large thin sections. Several methods are used to force or inject the melted plastic into the mold. The most commonly used system in the larger machines is the in-line reciprocating screw.The screw acts as a combination and plasticizing unit.As the plastic is fed to the rotating screw,it passes through three zones as shown: feed,compression, and metering. After the feed zone, the screw-flight depth is gradually reduced,forcing the plastic to compress. The work is converted to heat by shearing the plastic, making it a semifluid mass. In the metering zone, additional heat is applied by conduction from the barrel surface. As the chamber in front of the screw becomes filled, it forces the screw back, tripping a limit switch that activates a hydraulic cylinder that forces the screw forward and injects the fluid plastic into the closed mold.An antiflowback valve prevents plastic under pressure from escaping back into the screw flights.The clamping force that a machine is capable of exerting is part of the size designation and is measured in tons. A rule-of-thumb can be used to determine the tonnage required for a particular job. It is based on two tons of clamp force per square inch of projected area. If the flow pattern is difficult and the parts are thin,this may have to go to three or four tons.Many reciprocating - screw machines are capable of handing thermosetting plastic materials.Previously these materials were handled by compression or transfer molding.Thermosetting materials cure or polymerize in the mold and are ejected hot in the range of 375410.Thermoplastic parts must be allowed to cool in the mold in order to remove them without distortion.Thus thermosetting cycles can be faster.Of course the mold must be heated rather than chilled,as with thermoplastics.The importance of Injecting the mold are :、Plastics have the density small, the quality light, the specific tenacity big, the insulating property good, the dielectric loss low, the chemical stability strong, the formation productivity high and the price inexpensive and so on the merits, obtained day by day the widespread application in the national economy and peoples daily life each domain, as early as in the beginning of 1990s, the plastic annual output already surpassed the steel and iron and the non-ferrous metal annual output sum total according to the volume computation.In mechanical and electrical (for example so-called black electrical appliances), domains and so on measuring appliance, chemical, the automobile and astronautics aviation, the plastic has become the metal the good substitution material, had the metal material plastic tendency.、Take the automobile industry as the example , as a result of the automobile lightweight, the low energy consumption development request, the automobile spare part material constitution occurred obviously has modelled the band steel the change, at present our country automobile plastic accounts for 5% which the automobile was self-possessed to 6%, but overseas has reached 13%, forecast according to the expert, the automobile plastic bicycle amount used will also be able further to increase.On modern vehicles, regardless of is outside installs the assorted items, the internal installation assorted items, the function and the structural element, all may use the plastic material, outside installs the assorted items to have the bumper, the fender, the wheel hub cap, the air deflector and so on; After the internal installation assorted items have in the display board, the vehicle door the board, the vice-display board, the sundry goods box lid, the chair, the guard shield and so on; The function and the structural element have the fuel tank, the radiator header, the spatial filter hood, the fan blade and so on.Statistics have indicated, our country in 2000 automobile output more than 200 ten thousand, the vehicle amounted to 1,380,000 tons with the plastic.Looked from the domestic and foreign automobile plastic application situation that, the automobile plastic amount used already became one of weight automobile production technical level symbols.、Injection of a molding formation as plastic workpiece most effective formation methods because may by one time take shape each kind of structure complex, the size precise and has the metal to inlay a product, and the formation cycle is short, may by mold multi-cavities, the productivity be high, when mass productions the cost isvery inexpensive, easy to realize the automated production, therefore holds the extremely important status in the plastic processing profession.Statistics have indicated, plastic mold composition all molds (including metal pattern) 38.2%, the plastic product gross weight about 32% is uses in injecting the formation, 80% above engineering plastics product all must use the injection formation way production. 4. counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%,2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms.、Counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%, 2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms. In compression molding the palstic material as powder or preforms is placed into a heated steel mold cavity,Since the parting surface is in a horizontal plane ,the upper half of the mold descends vertically.It closes the mold cavity and pressures for a predetermined period.A pressure of from 2 to 3 tons square inch and a temperaure at approximately 350F converts the plastic to a semiliquid which flows to all parts of the mold cavity.Usually from 1 to 15 minutes is required for curing,altough a recently developed alkyd plastic will cure in less than 25 secends. The mold is then opended and the molded part removed.If metal insers are desired in the parts,they should be placed in the mold cavity on pins or in the holes before the plastic is loaded.Also, the preforms should be preheated before loading into the mold cavity to eliminate gases,inprove flow,and decrease curing time.Dieletric heating is a convenient method of heating the preforms.Since the plastic material is placed directly into the mold cavity,the mold itself can be simpler than those used for other molding precesses.Gates and sprues are unnecessary.This also results in a saving in material,because trimmed-off gates and sprues would be a complete loss of the thermosetting plastic.The press require the full attention of one operator.However,several smaller presses can be operated by one operator. The presses are conveniently located so the operator can easilymove from one to the next.By the time he gets around to a particular press again,that mold will be ready to open.the thermosetting plastics which harden under heat and pressure are suitable for compression molding and transfer molding.It is not practical to moid shermoplastic materials by these methods,since the molds would have to be alternately heated and cooled.In order to harden and eject thermoplastic parts form the mold,cooling would be necessary.Types of molds for compression molding.The molds used for compression molding are classified into four basic types, namely ,positive molds,landed positive mold,flash-type molds,and semipositive molds.In a positive mold the plunger on the upper mold enters the lower mold cavity.since there are no lands or stops on the lower die ,the plunger completely trap the plastic material and descends with full pressure on the charge.A dense part with good electrical and physical properties is produced.The amount of plastic placed in the die cavity must be accurately measured,since it determines the thickness of the part .A landed positive mold is similar to a positive mold except that lands are added to stop the travel of the plunger at predetermined point.In this case,the lands absorb some of the pressure that should be exerted on the parts.The thickness of the parts will be accurately controlled,but the density may vary cansideraby.In a flash-type mold,flash redges are added ti the top and bottom molds.As the upper mold exerts pressure on the plastic,excess material is forced out between the flash ridges where it forms flash.This flash is further compressed.becomes hardened,and finally stops the downard thavel of the upper mold.A slight excess of the plastic material is always chared to ensure sufficient pressurs to produce a dense molded part.This type of mold is widely used because it is comparatively easy to construct and it controls thickness and density within colse limits.The semipositive mold is a combination od the flash type and landed posive molds.In addition to the flash ridges,a land is employed to restrict the travel of the upper mold.說 明1根據(jù)教育部對畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),學(xué)生必須撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告,由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見、教研室審查,系教學(xué)主任批準(zhǔn)后實(shí)施。2開題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,開題報(bào)告不合格者不得參加答辯。3畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是,逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語言通順,外來語要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞,須注出全稱。4本報(bào)告中,由學(xué)生本人撰寫的對課題和研究工作的分析及描述,應(yīng)不少于2000字,沒有經(jīng)過整理歸納,缺乏個(gè)人見解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開題報(bào)告按不合格論。5開題報(bào)告檢查原則上在第4周完成,各系完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題檢查后,應(yīng)寫一份開題情況總結(jié)報(bào)告。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告學(xué)生姓名潘濤學(xué) 號088810202018專 業(yè)數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教師姓名林偉職 稱講師所在系部江蘇財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院課題來源自擬課題課題性質(zhì)工程設(shè)計(jì)課題名稱基于UG的相機(jī)殼注塑模設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義1主要內(nèi)容: (1)編寫模具技術(shù)要求、訂料表;(2)使用UG軟件進(jìn)行模具型芯和型腔的分模,完成模具的2D總裝圖和若干零件圖的繪制。掌握流道平衡設(shè)計(jì)。(3)掌握塑料的使用性能和用途。完成與模具相關(guān)資料的外文翻譯。(4)掌握模具鋼的使用情況,了解企業(yè)的模具設(shè)計(jì)流程和制造情況。掌握新軟件使用和模具加工的新工藝。(5)利用模具分析進(jìn)行熔體模擬流動(dòng)分析,優(yōu)化模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。2畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的意義:畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在教師的指導(dǎo)下,運(yùn)用已學(xué)的知識、獨(dú)立進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究活動(dòng),學(xué)會(huì)分析和解決學(xué)術(shù)問題的方法,鍛煉解決某一學(xué)術(shù)問題的能力。是對我們的知識能力進(jìn)行一次全面的考核,同時(shí)也是對我們進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究基本功的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識獨(dú)立地分析問題和解決問題的能力,為以后工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對我們進(jìn)行最后一次知識的全面檢驗(yàn),是對我們基本知識、基本理論和基本技能掌握與提高程度的一次總測試,這是進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的第一個(gè)目的。我們在學(xué)習(xí)期間,已經(jīng)按照學(xué)校的規(guī)定,學(xué)完了公共課、基礎(chǔ)課、專業(yè)課以及選修課等,每門課程也都經(jīng)過了考試或考查。學(xué)習(xí)期間的這種考核是單科進(jìn)行,主要是考查我們對本門學(xué)科所學(xué)知識的記憶程度和理解程度。但畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)則不同,它不是單一地對我們進(jìn)行某一學(xué)科已學(xué)知識的考核,而是著重考查我們運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識對某一問題進(jìn)行探討和研究的能力,是培養(yǎng)我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)知識、基本技能,研究和解決問題的能力。是讓我們對四年所學(xué)知識和技能進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化、綜合化運(yùn)用、總結(jié)和深化的過程。通過這個(gè)過程,鍛煉了我們的思維能力、動(dòng)手能力,并加深了我們掌握知識的深度。在大學(xué)期間,我努力學(xué)習(xí)本專業(yè)知識,打下良好的理論基礎(chǔ),并能堅(jiān)持很好地全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn),并閱讀了較多的自選資料和較多的外文資料,積極開展調(diào)研論證,此外,還充分利用課余時(shí)間,系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過moldflow,Mastercam,UG等軟件,但這些還是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。沒有經(jīng)過實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn),一切都是紙上談兵。只有通過畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),才能更深切的理解,更靈活的運(yùn)用這些專業(yè)知識。至于那些軟件,也只有通過設(shè)計(jì)過程中的反復(fù)運(yùn)用,才能熟練運(yùn)用。通過本次設(shè)計(jì),應(yīng)使我在下述基本能力上得到培養(yǎng)和鍛煉: 塑料制品的設(shè)計(jì)及成型工藝的選擇; 一般塑料制品成型模具的設(shè)計(jì)能力; 塑料制品的質(zhì)量分析及工藝改進(jìn)、塑料模具結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的能力; 了解模具設(shè)計(jì)的常用商業(yè)軟件以及同實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)合。在本次相機(jī)殼模具設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中,我可以隨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在每一步設(shè)計(jì)中的不合理處,會(huì)找出各種解決方案讓設(shè)計(jì)趨于合理,同時(shí)掌握了最先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì),加工及分析技術(shù),提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和創(chuàng)新能力,使畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)真正成為了實(shí)際工作前的一次全過程模擬。由于模具成型方式具有生產(chǎn)效率高,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,可節(jié)約材料及生產(chǎn)成本低等特點(diǎn),發(fā)展模具工業(yè)已成為當(dāng)代促進(jìn)塑料制品及機(jī)電產(chǎn)品優(yōu)質(zhì)廉價(jià)生產(chǎn)的重要手段。隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和模具使用的日益廣泛,模具工業(yè)己成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),被稱為“工業(yè)之母”。模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志,它決定著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家對模具工業(yè)極為重視,早在50年代就已使模具擺脫了依附和從屬的地位,使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的工業(yè)部門。從工業(yè)產(chǎn)值對比來看,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家的模具總產(chǎn)值早己超過了機(jī)床的總產(chǎn)值。如日本,1987年模具總產(chǎn)值為124億美元,而機(jī)床總產(chǎn)值為102億美元:1991年前者為131億美元,后者為120億美元。我 國模 具 設(shè)計(jì)制造水平在總體上要比德、美、日、法、意等發(fā)達(dá)國家落后許多。 其主要原因是:一方面我國塑料模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造大多數(shù)仍依賴于設(shè)計(jì)人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和工藝人員的技巧,先進(jìn)的模具CAD/CAE/CAM 軟件的應(yīng)用不夠廣泛,技術(shù)不成熟;而在歐美,模具CAD/CAE/CAM已成為模具企業(yè)普遍采用的技術(shù),該技術(shù)已較成熟;另一方面,我國塑料模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度和應(yīng)用水平與國外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家相比存在著較大差距,塑料模具零件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、專業(yè)化程度和商品化水平亦較低。文獻(xiàn)綜述塑料制品的使用越來越泛,在很多方面,它己成為金屬制品的替代物。塑料模具作為成型方式中的一種,是家用電器、汽車和航空航天等領(lǐng)域中塑料制品的重要生產(chǎn)工具。并且隨著 塑 料 工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,人們對塑料制品的質(zhì)量要求越來越高,外形在滿足性能要求的同時(shí)也變得越來越復(fù)雜,而且產(chǎn)品品種多、更新快、價(jià)格低,市場競爭劇烈。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì), 日本一萬多家模具企業(yè)中,生產(chǎn)塑料模具的就占40%;韓國模具專業(yè)廠中生產(chǎn)塑料模的占43%。塑料模具是塑料產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中至關(guān)重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),也是批量產(chǎn)品得以投放市場的先決條件。在塑料模具中,由于注塑模具能夠一次成型形狀復(fù)雜、尺寸精確的制品,適用于高效率、大批量的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)方式,使其在塑料模中的占用量超過了50%以上,是塑料制品成型的主要方法。因此,為了適應(yīng)市場競爭對塑料模具的交貨期短、質(zhì)量好、價(jià)格低的要求,模具制造行業(yè)就必須以最快的速度、最低的成本、最高的質(zhì)量生產(chǎn)出塑料模具來。在今天這樣激烈競爭的環(huán)境中,客戶對縮短注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期的要求日益迫切??s短模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期,成了模具企業(yè)間競爭取勝的重要因素之一。與模具成型零件變化多樣相比,模具基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用零部件的變化要少得多。設(shè)計(jì)中相當(dāng)一部分時(shí)間花在結(jié)構(gòu)類似的零部件設(shè)計(jì)和繪圖上??梢姡s短這些常用零部件的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間,能極大地提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的效率和縮短模具的交貨期。因此,對引進(jìn)CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行本地化、用戶化的二次開發(fā)具有重要的實(shí)際意義。通過建立必要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫,充分地發(fā)揮計(jì)算機(jī)和CAD軟件的功能,才能達(dá)到縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)周期,提高模具設(shè)計(jì)水平的目的,使科學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)實(shí)在在的生產(chǎn)力。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)是改造傳統(tǒng)模具生產(chǎn)方式的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),是一項(xiàng)高科技、高效益的系統(tǒng)工程。塑料模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造周期,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,塑料模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的重要性正逐漸被模具界所認(rèn)識,其中注塑模具應(yīng)用軟件的發(fā)展引人注目。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在國外,注射模采用CAD技術(shù)的比例約占所有不同模具CAD技術(shù)的75% ,在我國,注射模CAD技術(shù)也在不斷地應(yīng)用和推廣中。國外注射模CAD技術(shù)發(fā)展很快,從70年代起,注射模CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)就成為熱門的研究課題,注塑流動(dòng)模擬和冷卻分析軟件中比較突出的有美國AC-Tech公司的C-MOLD軟件、澳大利亞Moldflow公司的MOLDFLOW軟件:三維模具CAD/CAE/CAM集成軟件中比較突出的有美國PTC公司的Pro/E軟件、美國UGS公司的UG軟件、法國達(dá)索公司的CATA軟件等等。我國在開發(fā)注射模CAD技術(shù)上起步較晚,但經(jīng)過不斷的努力,一些 大學(xué)和研究所已有長足的進(jìn)步,并取得了一批科研成果。通過引入國外先進(jìn)的CAD/CAE/CAM軟件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對其進(jìn)行消化吸收與進(jìn)一步的二次開發(fā),實(shí)踐證明是提高我國制造業(yè)水平的有效途徑之一。利用CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)來改造注塑模傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)制造方法,可以明顯提高模具設(shè)計(jì)效率文獻(xiàn)綜述研究內(nèi)容率和質(zhì)量,縮短模具制造周期,能盡快縮小國內(nèi)模具水平與國外的差距。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)一,采用模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)進(jìn)行模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間縮短了50%,制造時(shí)間縮短了30%,模具成本下降了10%。由于模具設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量提高,可靠性增強(qiáng),零件加工精度得到保證,模具裝配與返修時(shí)間能大幅度地縮短參考文獻(xiàn)1 王剛,單巖.MOLDFLOW模具分析應(yīng)用實(shí)例M.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,20052 陳立亮.材料加工CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)M. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20073王剛,單巖.MOLDFLOW模具分析應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)M.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,20054屈華昌.塑料成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)M.第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,20075馬文琦,孫紅鐿.塑料成型模擬軟件技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用M.北京:中國鐵道出版社,20066黃虹.塑料成型加工與模具M(jìn). 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,20047李志剛.中國模具設(shè)計(jì)大典(第一卷)M.南昌:江西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,20038B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Optimization of part wall thicknesses to reduce warpage of injection一molded parts based on the modified complex methodJ.Polymor-plastics technology engineering,1995,34(5):7939B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Automated design for the runner systerm of injection molds based on packing simulation J.Polymer-plastics technology engineering,1996,35(l):14710B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Automated selection of gate location based on desired quality of injection-molded partJ.Polymer-plastics technology engineering,1996,35(2):25311B.H.Lee,B.H.Kim.Variation of part wal1 thicknesses to reduce warpage of injection-molded part:robust design against process variabilityJ.Polymer-plastics technology engineering,1997,36(5):7911設(shè)計(jì)、研究思路:本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)分以下步驟進(jìn)行;(a)認(rèn)真跟老師溝通,了解所要設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品;(b)復(fù)習(xí)以前學(xué)過的知識,理順設(shè)計(jì)的大概思路;(c)查閱大量資料,細(xì)致化自己的思路;(d)查閱網(wǎng)上最新資料,開動(dòng)腦筋,看能不能走出自己的路;(e)跟老師溝通,看有無出錯(cuò);(f)熟悉各類軟件,如AutoCAD,PRO/E,MOLDFLOW 等; (g)完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的一系列任務(wù);2課題研究的主要內(nèi)容:圖1.1為相機(jī)殼零件圖,零件雖小,但有著復(fù)雜的外形和光滑的外表,在設(shè)計(jì)過程中應(yīng)該從產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和模具的制造加工工藝出發(fā)盡量簡化模具的結(jié)構(gòu)。研究內(nèi)容相機(jī)殼厚度為2 mm,最大長度、寬度、高度分別為180,100,126mm,要求塑件表面美觀、光潔、無明顯熔接痕、銀絲和流痕,同時(shí)不產(chǎn)生明顯的翹曲變形。該塑件材料為ABS,收縮率為0.45%。 為了提高生產(chǎn)效率,故采用一模兩腔成型。為避免分模的接合痕跡留在塑件的表面而影響外觀,模具的分型面設(shè)置在頂面的下曲面。對于孔的截面與分模方向相垂直的,一般采取碰穿的方式。由于塑件的下部的側(cè)面存在側(cè)孔,必須采用側(cè)向抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。3解決的關(guān)鍵問題本塑件主要有兩個(gè)曲面結(jié)構(gòu),一個(gè)加強(qiáng)筋,及帶有側(cè)孔的中空四棱柱組成。且相應(yīng)部位有倒角。有可能遇到的主要問題:1)確定型腔的數(shù)目;2)確定澆注系統(tǒng);3)型腔的布置;4)選擇分型面; 5)側(cè)孔的成型;6)確定脫模方式; 7)確定開模方向; 8)塑料充模的流動(dòng)分析。這些問題都是設(shè)計(jì)該模具的關(guān)鍵問題,在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,本人將通過查閱有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料來解決。4預(yù)期成果(1)該塑料件模具技術(shù)要求一份、訂料表文件一份;(2)開題報(bào)告一份、外文翻譯資料一份;(3)3D開模圖一份;(4)2D裝配圖一份和零件圖若干份(不少于3張A0圖紙);(5)畢業(yè)論文一份;(6)熔體模擬流動(dòng)分析,優(yōu)化模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)報(bào)告;研究計(jì)劃第一周 調(diào)研、圖書館查找與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)資料;第二周 熟悉模具設(shè)計(jì)方法和現(xiàn)代模具加工技術(shù);第三周 撰寫開題報(bào)告;第四周 英文文獻(xiàn)資料的翻譯;第五周 熟悉CAD及PRO/E軟件的使用;第六周 模具結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定和設(shè)計(jì);第七周 開模3D圖完成;第八周 模具技術(shù)要求、訂料表的完成;第九周 2D總裝圖的繪制及修改;第十周 若干零件圖的繪制及修改;第十一周 完成熔體模擬流動(dòng)分析,優(yōu)化模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu);第十二周 畢業(yè)論文的撰寫;第十三周 畢業(yè)論文的撰寫;第十四周 修改論文,制作論文PPT,準(zhǔn)備答辯;第十五周 畢業(yè)答辯特色與創(chuàng)新隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用日趨成熟,模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)日益深入人心,并且發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。因此,對于大型復(fù)雜的模具設(shè)計(jì)是必不可少的技術(shù)。在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),本人將全部應(yīng)用CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)來設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具。在模具設(shè)計(jì)方面,應(yīng)用UG軟件對模具型芯和型腔進(jìn)行3D分模,并完成三維模具總裝圖;使用MOLDFLOW軟件對注射成型過程進(jìn)行了3D數(shù)值模擬,從而優(yōu)化了模具結(jié)構(gòu)。由于學(xué)習(xí)該軟件需要一定的塑件成型實(shí)踐知識,在使用上要多查閱這方面的資料。指導(dǎo)教師意 見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 2012年 3 月 2 日教研室意見 主任簽名: 2012年 3 月 4日學(xué)院意見 教學(xué)主任簽名: 2012年 3 月 5 日
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