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摘 要
水稻缽苗移栽是一種利用缽盤育秧的水稻移栽技術(shù),是水稻種植過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。水稻的缽盤育秧充分保留了秧苗生長(zhǎng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)土質(zhì),植傷輕、返苗快,使作物提早成熟,且增產(chǎn)增收;移栽充分利用了光熱資源,對(duì)水稻秧苗有氣候的補(bǔ)償作用,同時(shí)有使作物生育提早的綜合效益,因此水稻的缽苗移栽可以產(chǎn)生非常可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。但與其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)相比,我國(guó)水稻種植機(jī)械化程度較低,與國(guó)內(nèi)水稻生產(chǎn)的其它環(huán)節(jié)相比,機(jī)械化程度也是最低的。因此研究一種新的水稻缽苗移載機(jī)構(gòu),對(duì)水稻的機(jī)械化種植與高產(chǎn)高收具有非常重要的意義。
本文通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外的水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,提出了一種高效率的水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)為旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)。該水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)由驅(qū)動(dòng)部分與移栽臂兩部分構(gòu)成,其中驅(qū)動(dòng)部分由非勻速間歇傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)與非勻速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)串聯(lián)組成,移栽臂用于完成機(jī)構(gòu)的取秧、推秧。
本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:
1.根據(jù)水稻缽苗移栽的農(nóng)藝特性與工作軌跡的要求,確定了以橢圓-不完全非圓齒輪行星輪系為傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案,該旋轉(zhuǎn)式傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)平穩(wěn)性好、效率高。
2.分析了該水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理,并對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)建模與傳動(dòng)特性分析。
3通過水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的輔助分析與優(yōu)化軟件,對(duì)該機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,最后得到一組較優(yōu)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):a=23.069mm,k=0.994,α=291°,λ=6°,δ=29°,φ0=-39°,S=152mm.
4.根據(jù)機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化后的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),在CAD2008軟件中對(duì)水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行整體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與各零部件的二維設(shè)計(jì)。
5.在ug8.0三維實(shí)體建模軟件中完成各零部件的建模與機(jī)構(gòu)的裝配。
關(guān)鍵詞:水稻缽苗移栽;行星系移栽機(jī)構(gòu);橢圓-不完全非圓齒輪;參數(shù)優(yōu)化;設(shè)計(jì);
Parameter Optimization and Design of Rotary Rice Bowl Seedling Transplanting Mechanism
Abstract
Rice bowl seedling transplanting is a transplanting technology with bowl seedling ,which plays an important part in the process of rice cultivation. The nutrient soil is fully reserved with rice seedling through bowl seedling technology ,so it barely hurts seedlings and makes them grow and mature faster, furthermore, it increases rice production;Transplanting takes full advantage of the light and heat resources, which makes climate compensation to rice seedlings and shifts crop fertility to an earlier date,Therefore the rice bowl seedling transplanting can produce substantial economic and social benefits. However, compared with other countries and regions, the mechanization level of rice cultivation in China is relatively low, and the degree of mechanization is also the lowest compared to other domestic rice production processes.Therefore the study of a new rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism has a very important significance in mechanized cultivation and high-yielding of rice .
Through comparative analysis of rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanisms at home and abroad, this paper comes up with a new type of rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism with which the transplanter can achieve high efficient transplanting—rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gear. The rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism includes two parts : drive part and transplanting arms ,the drive part consists of non-uniform intermittent transmission and non-uniform transmission mechanism, and the transplanting arms are used for the completion of fetching and pushing seedlings.This transplanting mechanism has applied for inventive patent (application number : 201210344077.1)and utility model pantent (patent number: ZL201220474441.1) is authorized.
The main content of this paper is listed as bellow:
1.According to the requirements of the agronomic characteristics and work trajectory of rice bowl seedling transplanting, invent the rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gear, The rotary drive mechanism has a good stability and high efficiency.
2.Analyze the work principle of the rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism ,build kinematics model and analyze transmission characteristics of this mechanism.
3.Through the software of aided analysis and optimization of rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism, search a group of structure parameters: a = 23.069mm, k = 0.994, α = 291°, λ = 6 °,δ = 29 °, φ0 = -39 °, S = 152mm.
4.According to the optimized structure parameters of the mechanism, design the overall structure and complete two-dimensional drawings of all parts in CAD2008.
5.Establish the three-dimensional model of all parts of this rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism and complete the assembly in ug8.0。
Keywords: Rice bowl seedling transplanting;transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train; ellipse gears- incomplete non-circular gear;parameter optimization;design
目 錄
摘 要 2
Abstract 2
第一章 緒論 7
1.1 本文研究目的與意義 7
1.2 水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展概況 8
1.2.1 國(guó)外發(fā)展概況 8
1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展概況 10
1.3 研究目標(biāo)與方案實(shí)現(xiàn) 13
1.3.1 研究目標(biāo) 14
1.3.2 實(shí)現(xiàn)方案 14
1.4 本文的工作安排 16
1.5本章小結(jié) 17
第二章 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 18
2.1 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理 18
2.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析符號(hào)及相關(guān)說明 19
2.3 橢圓齒輪-不完全非圓齒輪傳動(dòng)特性分析 20
2.3.1 橢圓齒輪-不完全非圓齒輪節(jié)曲線模型建立 20
2.3.2 傳動(dòng)比分析 24
2.4 橢圓齒輪傳動(dòng)特性分析 27
2.4.1 橢圓齒輪節(jié)曲線模型建立 27
2.4.2 傳動(dòng)比分析 28
2.5 橢圓-不完全非圓齒輪行星輪系移栽機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型的建立 29
2.5.1 位移方程 29
2.5.2 速度分析 31
2.5.3 加速度分析 32
2.6 本章小結(jié) 32
第三章 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)輔助分析與優(yōu)化軟件的運(yùn)用 34
3.1 優(yōu)化軟件的運(yùn)用思路 34
3.2 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化軟件界面 35
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理 36
3.4 本章小結(jié) 37
第四章 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 38
4.1旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 38
4.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì) 40
4.2.1 非勻速間歇傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 40
4.2.2 非勻速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 41
4.3 移栽臂組成零件的設(shè)計(jì) 41
4.3.1撥叉的設(shè)計(jì) 42
4.3.2推秧爪與彈簧片的設(shè)計(jì) 43
4.4 本章小結(jié) 44
第五章 旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的三維建模 45
5.1橢圓齒輪與非圓齒輪的實(shí)體建模 45
5.1.1橢圓齒輪的三維建模 45
5.1.2非圓齒輪的三維建模 46
5.2 其他零部件的三維建模 47
5.3本章小結(jié) 47
第六章 總結(jié) 48
6.1 總結(jié) 48
參考文獻(xiàn) 49
第一章 緒論
1.1 本文研究目的與意義
水稻是我國(guó)第一大糧食作物,在糧食安全中占有非常重要的地位,在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)將近有60%的人口以水稻為主食。我國(guó)水稻的常年種植面積約占全國(guó)谷物種植面積的30%,占世界水稻種植面積的20%,面積約為3000萬公頃;稻谷每年的總產(chǎn)量近20000萬噸,其重量占世界稻谷總產(chǎn)的35%,占全國(guó)糧食總產(chǎn)的40%.但是在主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)中,水稻的移栽勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度較大,水稻種植機(jī)械化水平最低[1]。