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摘 要 科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，正在把人類推向信息時代。但是，面對著加工業(yè)70%80%的 中小批量生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，如何達(dá)到自動化的目的，一直是工業(yè)界探索的課題。數(shù) 控機床問世雖為這部分工廠自動化創(chuàng)造了條件，但實踐證明，獨立、分散的單機自 動化解決不了傳統(tǒng)批量生產(chǎn)所固有的生產(chǎn)率同生產(chǎn)柔性、加工批量同制造成本、生 產(chǎn)同市場變化之間的矛盾，必須尋找更完善的自動生產(chǎn)體系。FMS就是在這種追求下 誕生的。其優(yōu)勢在于把生產(chǎn)率同生產(chǎn)柔性、加工批量同制造成本、先進技術(shù)同科學(xué) 管理高度統(tǒng)一起來。從而提高產(chǎn)品制造柔性，提高效率縮短生產(chǎn)周期，降低能耗及 成本，節(jié)約設(shè)備占地面積。在柔性制造系統(tǒng)中采用全自動化生產(chǎn)，減少了認(rèn)為的因 素一次也提高了產(chǎn)品的精度。以上可見，柔性制造系統(tǒng)以上優(yōu)點是如今制造業(yè)中非 常需要的。 關(guān)鍵詞:柔性制造；立體庫；碼垛機；流水線 1 Abstract The rapid development of science and technology, human to the information age. But，Processing industry 70% -80% of the face of the economic structure of the small and medium volume, how to achieve the purpose of automation has been the industry to explore the subject.Although the advent of CNC machine tools to create the conditions for this part of the factory automation，but practice has proved that independent, decentralized stand-alone automation can not solve the productivity inherent in traditional mass production with the production of flexible processing the same batch manufacturing costs, the contradiction between production and market changes, we must find better automatic production system.FMS is born in this pursuit.The advantage of the productivity with flexible production, processing and batch manufacturing costs, with advanced technology with scientific management of highly unified.Thereby increasing manufacturing flexibility, improve efficiency, shorten the production cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost saving equipment footprint.Fully automated production, reducing the human factors and therefore improve the accuracy of the product in a flexible manufacturing system.Above that, the advantages of flexible manufacturing systems is much needed in the manufacturing industry today. Key words: Flexible manufacturing; stereo storage; palletizer; pipeline 目 錄 摘 要 Abstract 第一章 緒 論 ..............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 柔性制造背景 ........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 柔性制造的工作流程 ...........................................................................................................................1 第二章 立體庫的設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................................3 2.1 立體庫優(yōu)點及功能 ...............................................................................................................................3 2.2 國內(nèi)立體庫發(fā)展趨勢 ...........................................................................................................................3 2.3立體庫的外形 ........................................................................................................................................3 2.4 立體庫各部分材料選擇 .......................................................................................................................4 2.4.1 底座材料選擇與外形設(shè)計 ..........................................................................................................4 2.4.2 立體庫主體設(shè)計 ...........................................................................................................................6 2.4.3 托盤設(shè)計 .......................................................................................................................................8 2.5 立體庫儲存能力及主要設(shè)備 ...............................................................................................................9 2.5.1 立體庫儲存能力計算 ..................................................................................................................9 2.5.2 主要設(shè)備 .......................................................................................................................................9 第三章 流水線的設(shè)計 ..............................................................................................................................10 3.1 流水線的工作原理 .............................................................................................................................10 3.1.1 流水線的工作原理及流程圖 ....................................................................................................10 3.2 電路中主要元器件的介紹 .................................................................................................................11 3.2.1 對射開關(guān)的原理及應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................................11 3.2.2 CCD 顏色尺寸檢測單元工作原理及應(yīng)用 ................................................................................11 3.2.3 PLC 及其擴展單元 ......................................................................................................................12 3.3 流水線系統(tǒng)控制 ..................................................................................................................................13 3.3.1 流水線電機正反轉(zhuǎn)控制 ............................................................................................................13 3.3.2 流水線電機啟動/停止控制 ......................................................................................................13 3.4 流水線設(shè)計 ..........................................................................................................................................13 3.4.1 流水線技術(shù)參數(shù) .........................................................................................................................13 3.4.2 CCD 檢測單元支架設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................14 3.4.3 對射開關(guān) .....................................................................................................................................16 第四章 四自由度碼垛機 .........................................................................................................................21 4.1 碼垛機簡介 ..........................................................................................................................................21 4.1.1 碼垛機性能參數(shù) .........................................................................................................................21 4.1.2 四自由度的實現(xiàn) .........................................................................................................................21 4.1.3 線性滑臺簡介 .............................................................................................................................22 4.2 碼垛機各部分設(shè)計安裝 .....................................................................................................................23 4.2.1 底座設(shè)計 .....................................................................................................................................23 4.2.2 底座高度尺寸計算 .....................................................................................................................24 4.2.3 底座設(shè)計方案與材料選擇 ........................................................................................................25 4.3 碼垛機控制箱的設(shè)計 .........................................................................................................................28 4.3.1 碼垛機控制箱位置擺放 ............................................................................................................28 4.3.2 控制箱內(nèi)電器元件 .....................................................................................................................28 4.3.3 控制箱外形設(shè)計及材料選擇 ....................................................................................................29 4.4 機械爪的設(shè)計 ......................................................................................................................................29 4.4 主要電器元件介紹 .............................................................................................................................35 第五章 外部控制系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................................................36 第六章 結(jié)束語 ............................................................................................................................................38 參考文獻 .....................................................................................................................................................39 致 謝 ..........................................................................................................................................................40 第一章 緒 論 1.1 柔性制造系統(tǒng)的背景 隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，新產(chǎn)品不斷涌現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜程度也隨之增加，而 產(chǎn)品的市場壽命日益縮短，更新?lián)Q代加速，中、小批量生產(chǎn)占有越來越重要的地位。 面臨這新的局面，必須大幅度提高制造柔性和生產(chǎn)效率，縮短生產(chǎn)周期，保證產(chǎn) 品質(zhì)量，降低能耗，從而降低生產(chǎn)成本，以獲得更好的經(jīng)濟效益。柔性制造系統(tǒng)正 是在這種形勢下應(yīng)運而生的。從機械制造行業(yè)來看 現(xiàn)在 FMS不僅能完成機械加工 而且還能完成鈑金加工、鍛造、焊接、裝配、鑄造和激光、電火花等特種加工以 及噴漆、熱處理、注塑和橡膠模制等工作。FMS 相對于傳統(tǒng)加工有以下優(yōu)點：