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目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................................1 11 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .....................................................................................................1 111 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的應(yīng)用 ...................................................................................................1 112 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 ...........................................................................................1 113 國(guó)外卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的概況 ...................................................................................................1 12 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的主要類型 .....................................................................................................2 第 2 章 卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................5 21 本設(shè)計(jì)的總體確定 .............................................................................................................5 22 卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................5 第 3 章 鋼絲繩的選擇和卷筒的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................6 31 鋼絲繩的選擇 .....................................................................................................................6 311 鋼絲繩的種類和構(gòu)造 ...............................................................................................6 312 鋼絲繩直徑的選擇 ...................................................................................................6 32 卷筒的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................................7 321 卷筒的材料 ...............................................................................................................7 322 卷筒容繩尺寸計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................7 卷筒筒壁的厚度計(jì)算和卷筒壁的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ......................................................9 33 卷筒軸的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................10 第章 減速器的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................15 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇 ................................................................................................................15 選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)類型和機(jī)構(gòu)形式 ............................................................................15 功率的計(jì)算 ........................................................................................................15 413 電動(dòng)機(jī)功率的選擇 .................................................................................................15 42 確定傳動(dòng)裝置的總傳動(dòng)比和分配傳動(dòng)比 .......................................................................16 421 總傳動(dòng)比 .................................................................................................................17 4分配減速器的各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比 ..................................................................................17 計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù) ................................................................................17 各軸轉(zhuǎn)速 ............................................................................................................18 各軸的輸入功率 ................................................................................................18 433 各軸的輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩 .........................................................................................................18 44 減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................19 傳動(dòng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................19 4..第一級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................................19 第二級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................22 4.5.3 齒輪軸的校核 .............................................................................................................24 4.5.4 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇計(jì)算 ................................................................................................28 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件表 ....................................................................................................................................30 第 5 章 其他零件的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................31 5.1 制動(dòng)器的分類、特點(diǎn)及其選擇 .........................................................................................31 I 52 制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ...........................................................................................................32 52制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)力矩的確定 ........................................................................................32 2制動(dòng)器的發(fā)熱計(jì)算 ..............................................................................................33 53 聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................34 531 聯(lián)軸器轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算 .................................................................................................34 第六章 排繩器的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................36 第七章 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)使用與維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)介 ...................................................................................37 7.1 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)使用 ..............................................................................................................37 7.1.1 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的安裝與調(diào)試 ......................................................................................37 7.1.2 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)一般操作規(guī)程 ........................................................................................37 7.2 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的維護(hù)與安全技術(shù) ......................................................................................38 7.2.1 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的維護(hù) ....................................................................................................38 7.2.2 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的安全技術(shù) ..........................................................................................39 結(jié)論 ...............................................................................................................................................40 參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................................................................................................41 致 謝 ...........................................................................................................................................42 附錄 ...............................................................................................................................................43 附錄 1.........................................................................................................................................43 附錄 2.........................................................................................................................................55 II 摘 要 隨著人類文明發(fā)展，建筑工作愈來愈頻繁，古老的起重裝置已不能滿足現(xiàn)代話作業(yè) 的需要，大型塔吊和汽吊又有其相對(duì)的局限性，于是卷揚(yáng)機(jī)以起靈活方便，成本相對(duì)小 等特點(diǎn)孕育而生了。 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)是一種起重設(shè)備，由于具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、搬運(yùn)安裝靈活、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)簡(jiǎn)單、操 作方便、價(jià)格低廉和可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以被廣泛應(yīng)用于諸多工作中。提升重物是其主 要功能提升重物。本課題簡(jiǎn)要介紹了建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和特點(diǎn)，給出了建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的設(shè) 計(jì)，并對(duì)卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了說明。本課題重點(diǎn)在于一控制方便和節(jié)省資源為主要設(shè) 計(jì)特點(diǎn)對(duì)建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)制動(dòng)和傳動(dòng)部分進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和校核。 本課題主要設(shè)計(jì)齒輪和軸還有卷筒的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸，確定了齒輪傳動(dòng)的各主要參數(shù),對(duì)驅(qū) 動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)中的各部件進(jìn)行了選型,設(shè)計(jì),校核。 關(guān)鍵詞 卷揚(yáng)機(jī)； 減速器； 軸； 齒輪； 設(shè)計(jì) III Abstract Along with the development of human civilization, construction work have bec -ome more and more frequent ,Lifting the ancient device has been unable to meet the mo- dern needs of the operation so large tower crane hoists and steam has its limitations relative ,So hoist to take flexible, cost is relatively small and breed characteristics of Health. Winch is a construction lifting equipment, the structure is simple, flexible hand- ling installation, maintenance is simple and convenient to operate, low price and high relia bility, which is widely used in many work .Upgrade heavy Its main function is to upgrade heavy loads. This paper describes the construction hoist the structure and ch -aracteristics of a given construction hoist the design, Reel also the design features a summary statement. This paper focus is a convenient control and save resources as the main design features of the construction hoist the part of the design and verification . The design of the main gear and shaft design still reel size of the structure to de- termine the gear transmission of the main parameters, to drive the various components of the selection, design and verification. Keywords Windlass shaft gear reducer design 4 第 1 章 緒論 11 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 111 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的應(yīng)用 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)是一種起重設(shè)備，由于具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、搬運(yùn)安裝靈活、維護(hù)保養(yǎng)簡(jiǎn)單、 操作方便、價(jià)格低廉和可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以被廣泛應(yīng)用于提升重物、打樁、集材、冷 拉鋼筋、設(shè)備安裝等工作中。 提升重物是建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的一種主要功能，所以各類卷揚(yáng)機(jī)是根據(jù)這一要求為依據(jù)的。 雖然現(xiàn)在塔吊，汽車吊取代了建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的工作。如塔吊在建筑工地上用于物料和物件 的提升工作。由于塔吊成本高一般在大型建筑中使用，而且靈活性較差，也需卷揚(yáng)機(jī)做 輔助提升用。建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)還用于林業(yè)的集材工作。建筑業(yè)的冷拉鋼筋，小型礦井的物料 提升和打樁等工作。正因?yàn)榻ㄖ頁P(yáng)機(jī)具有多種用途，所以不僅用于建筑業(yè)，而且在冶 金，化工，水電，農(nóng)業(yè)和軍事等行業(yè)亦被廣泛使用。 112 建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 我國(guó)在古代就知道采用轤轆等來提升重物，以減輕體力勞動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度和提高生產(chǎn)效率。 我國(guó)由于舊中國(guó)工業(yè)落后。使用的卷揚(yáng)機(jī)均為國(guó)外生產(chǎn)，至 50 年代我國(guó)的卷揚(yáng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)才 開始的。從 70 年代起，我國(guó)卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的生產(chǎn)才進(jìn)入了技術(shù)提高，品種增加的新階段。 從 70 年代末期開始，中國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放政策國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)大力發(fā)展，基本建設(shè)任務(wù)增多許多， 促使卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的大量生產(chǎn)。生產(chǎn)廠家也逐漸增多。至今卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的生產(chǎn)與設(shè)計(jì)已較為成熟， 現(xiàn)如今卷揚(yáng)機(jī)的品種繁多和使用較廣泛。雖然現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)水平先