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中文譯文
包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展
包裝是必要的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域,包裝是主要的手段,包裝機(jī)械包裝是產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域的必要條件，而實(shí)現(xiàn)包裝的主要手段是包裝機(jī)械。簡(jiǎn)單來說，包裝機(jī)就是把產(chǎn)品包裝起來的機(jī)器，起著保護(hù)，美觀的作用。包裝機(jī)主要分為兩個(gè)方面，一是流水線式的整體生產(chǎn)包裝，二是產(chǎn)品外圍包裝設(shè)備隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，科技的進(jìn)步，包裝機(jī)械在包裝領(lǐng)域中正起著越來越大的作用。我國包裝機(jī)行業(yè)起步于20世紀(jì)70年代，在80年代末和90代中期的到了迅速發(fā)展。已經(jīng)成為機(jī)械行業(yè)中的10大行業(yè)之一，無論產(chǎn)量，還是品種上，都取得了令人矚目的成就，為我我國的包裝工業(yè)的快速發(fā)張?zhí)峁┝擞辛Φ谋Ｕ夏壳?。目前，我國已成為世界包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)十大國之一。新型包裝機(jī)往往是機(jī)、電、氣、一體化的設(shè)備.充分利用信息產(chǎn)品的最新成果，采用氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)等分離傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，可使整機(jī)的傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮短，結(jié)構(gòu)大為化簡(jiǎn)，工作精度和速度大大提高。機(jī)電一體化的實(shí)質(zhì)就是從系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，運(yùn)用過程控制原理，將機(jī)械、電子與信息、檢測(cè)等有關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行有機(jī)組合，實(shí)現(xiàn)整體最佳化。
21世紀(jì)包裝機(jī)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
1.高生產(chǎn)率。包裝機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率已經(jīng)從每分鐘數(shù)件發(fā)展到數(shù)10件，熱成型-充填-封口機(jī)的生產(chǎn)率可達(dá)500件每分鐘以上。
2.自動(dòng)化。
3.單機(jī)多功能。在單機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)多功能，可方便地?cái)U(kuò)大使用范圍，代表性的是德國BOSCH公司所屬的HESSER廠生產(chǎn)的心軸輪多工位制袋真空包裝，其制袋、稱重、充填、抽真空、封口等多功能可在一臺(tái)單機(jī)上完成。
4.組成生產(chǎn)線。當(dāng)需要的功能越來越多是，將所有的功能集中在一個(gè)單機(jī)上結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜，這是可以把功能不同、效率相比配的幾種機(jī)器組合成功鉸齊全的生產(chǎn)線上。
外國包裝機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀：
德國：
德國的包裝機(jī)械在計(jì)量、制造、技術(shù)性能方面均屬于世界一流。該國生產(chǎn)的啤酒、飲料灌裝成套設(shè)備生產(chǎn)速率快、自動(dòng)化程度高、可靠性好。主要體現(xiàn)在：工藝流程的自動(dòng)化、生產(chǎn)效率高，滿足了交貨期短和降低工藝流程成本的要求；設(shè)備具有更高的柔性和靈活性。主要體現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的靈活性、構(gòu)造的靈活性和供貨的靈活性，以適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的需要；利用計(jì)算機(jī)和仿真技術(shù)提供成套設(shè)備，故障率低可以進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷服務(wù)；對(duì)環(huán)境污染少，主要包括噪音、粉塵和廢棄物的污染。
意大利：
意大利生產(chǎn)的包裝機(jī)械中，40%是食品包裝機(jī)械，如糖果包裝機(jī)、茶葉包裝機(jī)、灌裝包裝機(jī)等。產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)是外觀考究、性能優(yōu)良、價(jià)格便宜。意大利包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)就是在于可以按照用戶的要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)，并能保證很好地完成設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督、組裝、調(diào)整和用戶需求分析等。
我國包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)起步于20世紀(jì)70年代，在80年代末和90年代中期得到迅速發(fā)展。已成為機(jī)械工業(yè)中的10大行業(yè)之一，無論是產(chǎn)量，還是品種上，都取得了令人矚目的成就，為我國包裝工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展提供了有力的保障。目前，我國已成為世界包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國之一。
當(dāng)前我國食品和包裝機(jī)械的一個(gè)突出問題是新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期長、模仿多、創(chuàng)新少，這不僅與設(shè)計(jì)人員的知識(shí)水平有關(guān)，也和相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展有關(guān)。 國際先進(jìn)的作法是運(yùn)用仿真技術(shù)，由計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)合成三維模型，將過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的生產(chǎn)線故障數(shù)據(jù)輸入計(jì)算機(jī)，即可演示實(shí)際工況，在用戶面前根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行修改，最終完善。包裝機(jī)械作為一種產(chǎn)品，它的含義不僅僅是產(chǎn)品本身的物質(zhì)意義，而是包括形式產(chǎn)品、隱形產(chǎn)品及延伸產(chǎn)品3層含義。形式產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)本身的具體形態(tài)和基本功能；隱形產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)給用戶提供的實(shí)際效用；延伸產(chǎn)品是指包裝機(jī)的質(zhì)量保證、使用指導(dǎo)和售后服務(wù) 等。所以包裝機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該包括：市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、原理圖設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工圖設(shè)計(jì)、使用說明書編寫及售后服務(wù)預(yù)案等。
新型包裝機(jī)械往往是機(jī)、電、氣一體化的設(shè)備。充分利用信息產(chǎn)品的最新成果，采用氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)等分離傳動(dòng)技術(shù)， 可使整機(jī)的傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮短，結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，工作精度和速度大大提高。其中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一是采用了多電機(jī)拖動(dòng)的同步控制技術(shù)。其實(shí) 掌握這種技術(shù)并不很難，只是一些設(shè)計(jì)人員不了解包裝機(jī)械的這一發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。如果說以前我國包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是仿制、學(xué)習(xí)階段，那么現(xiàn)在 我們應(yīng)該有創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)的意識(shí)。
“十五”期間，我國包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，近幾年進(jìn)口的設(shè)備都是國內(nèi)不能制造或者制造水平相差甚遠(yuǎn)的，從進(jìn)口可以看出我們的差距所在。 食品安全問題舉國關(guān)注。“十一五”期間應(yīng)提高食品安全領(lǐng)域的科技和裝備水平，研制快速、準(zhǔn)確鑒定食品中危害因子的技術(shù)和裝備，進(jìn)一步研發(fā)病原微生物的抗性、病原的控制等預(yù)防技術(shù)及儲(chǔ)藏技術(shù)和裝備。 食品和包裝機(jī)械形成行業(yè)已20年，相對(duì)于食品包裝，還是一個(gè)新行業(yè)。這20年又是世界技術(shù)發(fā)展最快的時(shí)期，新技術(shù)不斷在行業(yè)上應(yīng)用，而國內(nèi)行業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)薄弱，技術(shù)及科研力量不足，其發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后，在某種程度上拖了食品和包裝工業(yè)的后腿。總體發(fā)展雖然較快，但食品包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展更快。
“十一五”的目標(biāo)是要縮小這個(gè)空間，為食品工業(yè)趕上世界先進(jìn)水平，為使包裝大國向包裝強(qiáng)國邁進(jìn)，提供先進(jìn)的技術(shù)裝備，讓進(jìn)口設(shè)備在國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上只起到拾遺補(bǔ)缺的作用。這就要求國內(nèi)食品和包裝機(jī)械的年發(fā)展速度超過18%，新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值率達(dá)到25%。 國際上包裝和食品機(jī)械的發(fā)展是以大客戶的要求為目標(biāo)，帶動(dòng)相關(guān)機(jī)械的發(fā)展。大客戶的要求主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面： 一是對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率要求越高越好。這樣可以降低產(chǎn)品的成本，滿足交貨期。高速包裝機(jī)要求與前道工序要有相關(guān)銜接，不需搬運(yùn)環(huán)節(jié)，包括控制銜接，整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線按生產(chǎn)及包裝工序排列要做到倒序啟動(dòng)，順序停機(jī)。如冷灌裝生產(chǎn)線從塑料原料自動(dòng)上線到飲料灌裝、大包裝碼垛全部自動(dòng)在封閉車間內(nèi)進(jìn)行。 二是可適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的更新變化。包裝機(jī)械要具有很高的柔性和靈活性，生產(chǎn)線允許在一定的尺寸范圍內(nèi)包裝物大小可以變化。因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品的生命周期遠(yuǎn)短于設(shè)備使用壽命，變更產(chǎn)品及包裝不至于更換昂貴的包裝生產(chǎn)線。 三是設(shè)備常見故障迅速排除。解決方案預(yù)先輸入電腦，當(dāng)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)常見的故障時(shí)可以自行診斷，亦可實(shí)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷并排除故障。 四是要求具有自動(dòng)識(shí)別功能。一方面可以自動(dòng)識(shí)別包裝材料的厚度、硬度、反彈力等，通過電腦反饋到機(jī)械手調(diào)整動(dòng)作幅度，保證不反彈。另一方面，各種不同的產(chǎn)品，如形狀各異的巧克力或點(diǎn)心等，裝到同一盒中，其排列是有規(guī)律的。生產(chǎn)線傳遞的產(chǎn)品是無序的，可用探頭掃描，確定不同形狀的物料位置，再反饋到不同的機(jī)械手，它會(huì)準(zhǔn)確無誤地將物品按準(zhǔn)確的位置及方向放入托盤中，快而且準(zhǔn)，排除人工操作的視覺及手指的疲勞。 五是可以盡量減少環(huán)境污染。減少包括噪聲、粉塵污染，并盡量減少廢棄物，這一點(diǎn)在食品加工過程中尤為重要。食品原料在加工時(shí)不僅收獲主要產(chǎn)品，如玉米加工，產(chǎn)品除了玉米淀粉外，還有玉米油、色拉油、人造黃油、葡萄糖、玉米蛋白及飼料，以及污水處理等生產(chǎn)全過程，均為自動(dòng)化。沒有廢棄物、沒有污染，其它產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值已大大超過玉米淀粉的價(jià)值。
包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方法的改進(jìn)思路：首先在設(shè)計(jì)理念上要借鑒先進(jìn)國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以用戶的需求為設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)，并結(jié)合柔性設(shè)計(jì)、模塊化設(shè)計(jì)的理念，一機(jī)多用，或更換少 量的零、部件就可以完成不同的功能，或滿足不同的產(chǎn)品需求。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展及市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇，客戶的需求也越來越高。這種需求體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：一是提高生產(chǎn)效率，以滿足交貨期 和降低生產(chǎn)成本的需要，對(duì)一些產(chǎn)品，還要求包裝機(jī)械和生產(chǎn)機(jī)械相銜接；二是為適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新變化的需要，包裝機(jī)械要具有高的柔性和 靈活性；三是當(dāng)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，要求能進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷服務(wù)；四是利于環(huán)境保護(hù)，噪聲、粉塵和廢棄物少；五是設(shè)備購置投資盡可能少， 價(jià)格要盡可能低。所以，一定要在市場(chǎng)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，充分了解、認(rèn)真分析用戶的需求，確定包裝機(jī)應(yīng)該完成的功能和各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)，制 訂初步的原理設(shè)計(jì)方案。
現(xiàn)代包裝機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)過程應(yīng)該包括：市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、用戶需求分析、包裝機(jī)功能的確定、可行性論證、制定設(shè)計(jì)方案、用戶效益分析、方案 的可行性論證、原理圖設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工圖設(shè)計(jì)、樣機(jī)制作(虛擬制造)、技術(shù)驗(yàn)證和施工圖修改、制定售后服務(wù)預(yù)案及遠(yuǎn)程診斷方 案、改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)、系列化設(shè)計(jì)等。
市場(chǎng)調(diào)研是一切包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工作。沒有市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，我們所做的所有設(shè)計(jì)工作都可能等于零。市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，可以根據(jù)政策導(dǎo)向、行 業(yè)供求信息、專家分析、行業(yè)展會(huì)、技術(shù)交流會(huì)等線索，找到用戶的需求信息，并加以整理分析后，確定包裝機(jī)應(yīng)該完成的功能。在原理方案設(shè)計(jì)過程中，首先要充分了解相關(guān)的信息產(chǎn)品、電子產(chǎn)品的功能，了解氣動(dòng)元件的性能，并用以簡(jiǎn)化機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，還可 采用多電機(jī)拖動(dòng)來縮短機(jī)械傳動(dòng)鏈。對(duì)于必不可少的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)盡量利用現(xiàn)代化設(shè)計(jì)手段，在對(duì)產(chǎn)品功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過創(chuàng)新 構(gòu)思、系統(tǒng)建模、動(dòng)力分析、動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化，從而得到最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案。技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)是將原理設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)化，確定零部件的數(shù)量、形狀、尺寸、材料等，對(duì)主要部件中關(guān)鍵零件進(jìn)行動(dòng)力計(jì)算、功率計(jì)算、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算、剛度計(jì)算。
總體設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，要全面考慮整個(gè)包裝機(jī)系統(tǒng)的布局、運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)性、造型設(shè)計(jì)、人-機(jī)環(huán)境以及裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)?。模塊化設(shè)計(jì)是一種先進(jìn)的設(shè) 計(jì)方法，它的核心思想是將系統(tǒng)根據(jù)功能分為若干模塊，將包裝機(jī)中同一功能的單元設(shè)計(jì)成具有不同性能、可以互換的模塊，通過模塊的 不同組合，使包裝機(jī)多功能化、系列化。采用這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：(1)使包裝機(jī)更新?lián)Q代速度加快。因?yàn)樾聶C(jī)型的替代，往往是局部改 進(jìn)。將先進(jìn)技術(shù)引進(jìn)相應(yīng)的模塊，比較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)局部改進(jìn)；(2)縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期。當(dāng)用戶提出要求后，只需更換模塊，或設(shè)計(jì)制造部分模 塊，即可得到新的機(jī)型，滿足用戶需求；(3)降低成本，便于維修；(4)性能穩(wěn)定可靠。因?yàn)槟K設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，對(duì)包裝機(jī)的功能劃分和模 塊設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行了精心的研究，保證了模塊的性能，如：凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)、伺服機(jī)構(gòu)、檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、計(jì)量機(jī)構(gòu)、下料機(jī)構(gòu)等。
另外包裝機(jī)械系列化、模塊化的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也到了該制定的時(shí)候，包裝機(jī)械已成為我國十大機(jī)械行業(yè)之一，而系列化、模塊化的行業(yè) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定必將促進(jìn)我國包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)跨上新的臺(tái)階。較發(fā)達(dá)的國家的包裝與欠發(fā)達(dá)的國家起著不同的作用，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，他們不明白，各自包裝的重點(diǎn)是完全不同的，有時(shí)有困難。同樣，解決發(fā)展中國家試圖向北美市場(chǎng)出售令他們無法理解圖形的商品包裝是我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。顯著的區(qū)別是，包裝在市場(chǎng)中起著不同的作用，產(chǎn)品價(jià)值將單獨(dú)出售，因?yàn)樗强捎玫?。在北美市?chǎng)上，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)面臨由五個(gè)不同的公司提供各種不同范圍的選擇。如果所有的產(chǎn)品是好的，都不遜色，賣家如何讓消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生對(duì)自己產(chǎn)品的偏好？他是如何區(qū)分的？包裝在這一過程中起著很大的作用。
包密集型發(fā)達(dá)國家有時(shí)也批評(píng)了包裝，當(dāng)然不存在過度包裝。然而，北美也享有世界上最便宜的食品，要求我們的可支配收入僅約11％至14％。歐洲食品成本是可支配收入的約20％，而在欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的食品可以支配家庭收入的95％。
編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 螺旋式自動(dòng)定量包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923075
學(xué)生姓名： 殷學(xué)朋
指導(dǎo)教師： 龔常洪 （職稱：副教授）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 螺旋式自動(dòng)定量包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923075
學(xué)生姓名： 殷學(xué)朋
指導(dǎo)教師： 龔常洪（職稱：副教授）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
包裝機(jī)械是包裝工業(yè)的重要基礎(chǔ)，沒有現(xiàn)代包裝機(jī)械就沒有現(xiàn)代化的包裝工業(yè)。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
隨著人們生活水平的日益提高,對(duì)產(chǎn)品的包裝要求也越來越高，自動(dòng)定量包裝機(jī)是輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)中必不可少的自動(dòng)機(jī)械之一，我國近些年來包裝工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但又在某種程度上受到機(jī)械工業(yè)發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后的影響。包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展較為緩慢，因此進(jìn)行顆粒包裝機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)研究具有一定的意義。通過本次也涉及，能夠是我們對(duì)包裝機(jī)械有一個(gè)鉸深的了解，對(duì)螺旋式結(jié)構(gòu)，包裝機(jī)工作過程進(jìn)行分析研究并有所創(chuàng)新，同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了對(duì)我們所學(xué)知識(shí)的理解、收集、查閱文獻(xiàn)資料的能力，發(fā)現(xiàn)、分析、解決問題的能力。
（2）國內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
國內(nèi)：我國的包裝機(jī)械概況與展望目前我國包裝機(jī)械企業(yè)規(guī)模偏小，技術(shù)裝備不是很完善，管理水平比較低，自我發(fā)展和技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)能力較弱，產(chǎn)品品種單一。產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量、附加值較低；新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期長，不能及時(shí)響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求，及時(shí)提供市場(chǎng)、用戶急需的產(chǎn)品。企業(yè)主要精力都花費(fèi)在量的擴(kuò)張上，對(duì)質(zhì)的提升、科技進(jìn)步的投入嚴(yán)重不足，產(chǎn)品在低水平上重復(fù)；另外，產(chǎn)品安全防護(hù)措施較差，安全意識(shí)不強(qiáng)。目前我國的包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定、性能單一、成本高、技術(shù)含量低的狀況。但包裝行業(yè)產(chǎn)品量廣，我們的行業(yè)仍然欣欣向榮，堪稱“朝陽工業(yè)”。
國外：國外包裝機(jī)械業(yè)概況美國、日本、德國、意大利是世界上包裝機(jī)械四大強(qiáng)國。美國是世界上包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展歷史較長的國家，早已形成了獨(dú)立完整的包裝機(jī)械體 系，其品 種和產(chǎn)量均居世界之首。10多年來，美國始終保持著世界最大包裝機(jī)械生 產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大 國的地位。其產(chǎn)品以高、大、精、尖產(chǎn)品居多，機(jī)械與計(jì)算機(jī)緊密結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電一體 化控制。新型機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中以成型、填充、封口三種機(jī)械的增長最快，裹包機(jī)和薄膜包裝 機(jī)占整個(gè)市場(chǎng)份額的 15%，紙盒封盒包裝機(jī)在市場(chǎng)占有率中居第二 位。一些大公司 生產(chǎn)的包裝機(jī)械集機(jī)-電-儀及微機(jī)控制于一體，采用光電感應(yīng)，以光標(biāo)控制，并配有防靜電裝置。其大型自動(dòng)包裝機(jī)不僅包裝容積大，課題的目的、意義；國內(nèi)外技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 而且能集制袋、稱重、充填、抽真空、封口等工序在一臺(tái)單機(jī)上完成。德國包裝機(jī)械業(yè) 多年來始終處于穩(wěn)定增長狀態(tài)，出口比例占 80%左右。德國是世界上最大的包裝機(jī)械出口國。意大利是僅次于德國的第二大包裝機(jī)械出口國。 意大利的包裝機(jī)械多用于食品工業(yè)，具有性能優(yōu)良、外觀考究、價(jià)格便宜的特點(diǎn)，出口比例占80%左右。目前，世 界各國對(duì)包裝機(jī)械的發(fā)展都十分重視，集機(jī)、電、氣、光、生、磁為一體的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品不斷涌現(xiàn)。生產(chǎn)高效率化、資源高利用化、產(chǎn)品節(jié)能化、高新技術(shù)實(shí)用化、科研成果商業(yè)化已成為世界各國包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。
研究內(nèi)容
①儲(chǔ)料倉的設(shè)計(jì)、雙螺旋給料機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、夾袋機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)與稱重傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)
②液壓氣壓系統(tǒng)主要對(duì)夾袋裝置的收縮和伸張進(jìn)行控制；
③PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與編程
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
（1）技術(shù)路線
物料由給料機(jī)構(gòu)（氣動(dòng)閘門）加入稱量斗，控制器收到傳感器的重量信號(hào)后，按預(yù)先設(shè)定的程序值進(jìn)行控制，開始時(shí)進(jìn)行快速（快加、慢加同時(shí)）給料；當(dāng)重量≥（目標(biāo)值－精計(jì)量值）時(shí)，停止快加信號(hào)輸出，進(jìn)入慢速給料；當(dāng)重量≥（目標(biāo)值－過沖量值）時(shí)，停止慢加信號(hào)輸出，給料門完全關(guān)閉，定值稱量完成。夾袋信號(hào)輸入后，稱量斗卸料門自動(dòng)開啟，當(dāng)重量≤零位設(shè)定值時(shí)，稱量斗卸料門自動(dòng)關(guān)閉，物料袋自動(dòng)松開落入輸送帶上，被送到縫包機(jī)縫包之后進(jìn)入下一工序，同時(shí)控制器進(jìn)入下一控制循環(huán)。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月16日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。
2012年12月16日-2013年2月1日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。
2013年2月2日-2013年2月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年2月22日-2013年4月15日：總體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年4月16日-2013年5月1日：PLC的設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年5月1日-2013年5月20日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
螺旋式自動(dòng)定量包裝機(jī)采用螺旋式給料結(jié)構(gòu)，定位準(zhǔn)確，精度高，速度快。該機(jī)有plc，液壓氣壓控制等構(gòu)成控制核心將可靠性和智能化得到很大程度的提高，能夠自動(dòng)完成給料、稱量、夾袋、放料、封口等全部包裝過程。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
① 采用凈重式電子秤稱量，具有計(jì)量精度高、灌包速度快、自動(dòng)化程度高的特征
② 雙螺旋式的給料機(jī)構(gòu)，稱量精度高
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 總體方案思路已經(jīng)明確，已經(jīng)具備使用PLC編程能力和傳感器，液壓氣壓知識(shí)。
② 使用PLC編程的能力尚需加強(qiáng)。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
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教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
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系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
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英文原文
Packaging machinery development
Packaging is necessary for products entering the circulation field,and packaging are the main means of packaging machinery.Simply put ,the packaging machine is the production packaging up the machine,plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas ,the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.With the development of the times,the progress of technology ,packaging machinery is playing a more and more greater role in the packaging area.Our country packs the machanical profession start in the 20th century 70's,and the 90's intermediate stages obtains the rapid development in the end of the 80's. Has become in the mechanical industry one of 10 big of professions,regardless of is the output,in the variety,has all obtained the amazing achiecement,packed the industry for our country the fast development to provide the powerful safeguard. At present,our country has became the world packing mechanical industrial production and expends one of great nations.The new packing machinery often is machine ,the electricity,the gas integration equipment .The full use information product newest achievement,user air operated separation transmission technologies and so on implementing agency,servo motor-drive,may cause the complete machine the transmission chain to reduce greatly the structure is greatly the simplification,the work precision and the speed enhances greatly.The essence of the electromechanical integration is from the system point of view，By using the principle of the process control，Machinery and electronics and information detection and related technology of organic combination, realize the whole optimization.
Packaging machine development trend of the 21st
1.Highly productivity. The productivity of the vacuum packaging machine from a few pieces per minute development to the number 10 ,thermoforming-fill-seal machine productivity up to 500/min or more.
2.Automation.
3.Standing alone multi-function can easily expand the scope of use. Achieve stand-alone multi-function must be modular in design,transformtion and combination of function modules,for different packaging machine. Representative products HESSER production plants in Germany BOSCH company belongs spindle round multi bag vacuum packaging machine,bag,weighing filling,vacuum sealed,and a variety of functions to be completed in a single.
4.Be composed of the production line.All the features concentrated in a single machine when a growing number of the functionality required marking a very complex structure,operation and maintenance is not easy,this time function can be different,and efficiency to match the combination of several machine successfully,more complete production line.
The development status of foreign packaging machine:
Germany
German packaging machinery in the measurement of all belong to world-class performance in manufacturing technology,For beer filling production of complete sets of equipment production rate high degree of automation has good reliability.They mainly manifest in:Process automation of high production efficiency, meet the short delivery time and reduce the process cost;Equipment has higher flexibility and flexibility.Mainly reflects,in the production of flexibility structure flexibility and the flexibility of the supply,To meet the needs of the product upgrading;Using a computer and simulation technology to provide complete sets of equipment,Low failure rate can be remote diagnosis service;With less pollution to the environment, including noise pollution of dust and waste material。
Italy
Italy in the production of packaging machinery, 40% are food packaging machinery,Such as candy packing machine for tea packaging machine, filling packaging machine and so on.The characteristics of the product is elegant appearance good performance price cheap.Italian packaging machinery industry is the biggest advantage is can according to the requirements of customers design and production,And can ensure well completion design production experiment, implement supervision and assembly adjustment and user demand analysis, etc.
Our country packs the mechanical profession start in the 20th century 70's, and the 90's intermediate stages obtains the rapid development in the end of the 80's. Has become in the mechanical industry one of 10 big professions, regardless of is the output, in the variety, has all obtained the amazing achievement, packed the industry for our country the fast development to provide the powerful safeguard. At present, our country has become the world packing mechanical industrial production and expends one of great nations.
Current our country food and a packing machinery prominent question is the new product development cycle long, imitates much, innovates few, not only this with designs personnel's state-of-art related, also concerns with the correlation profession development. The international advanced method utilizes the simulation technology, by the computer automatic synthesis three-dimensional model, will pass has occurred production line breakdown data feeds the computer, then will demonstrate the actual operating mode, according to will need to carry on the revision in front of the user, finally will consummate. The packing machinery took one product, its meaning is not merely the product itself material significance, but is includes the form product, the stealth product and extends the product 3 meanings. The form product is refers to packaging machine itself the concrete shape and the basic function; The stealth product is refers to the packaging machine the actual utility which provides to the user; Extends the product is refers to the packaging machine the quality assurance, the use instruction and the post-sale service and so on. Therefore the packaging machine design should include: Market investigation and study, schematic diagram design, structural design, construction drawing design, instruction for use compilation and post-sale service predetermined plan and so on.
The new packing machinery often is machine, the electricity, the gas integration equipment. The full use information product newest achievement, uses air operated separation transmission technologies and so on implementing agency, servo motor-driven, may cause the complete machine the transmission chain to reduce greatly, the structure is greatly the simplification, the work precision and the speed enhances greatly. One of key technologies has used the multi-electrical machinery dragging synchronization control technology. Actually grasps this kind of technology not very difficultly, only is some designs the personnel not to understand the packing machinery this trend of development. If beforehand our country packs the machine design is the imitation, the study stage, then we should have the innovation design consciousness now.
“十五” period, our country packs the mechanical industrial development to be rapid, in recent years imports the equipment all is domestic cannot make or the manufacture level is far from, may see our disparity from the import to be at. Food security problem whole nation attention. “十一五” period should enhance food security domain the science and technology and the equipment level, the development fast, in accurate appraisal food harms the factor the technology and the equipment, further researches and develops the pathogenic microorganism resistance, cause of disease prevention technologies and the preserve technology and the equipment and so on control. Food and the packing machinery form the profession already for 20 years, is opposite in food packing, a new profession. This 20 years also are the world technological development quickest times, the new technology applies unceasingly in the profession, but the domestic profession foundation is weak, technical and the scientific research lack of strength, its development relative lag, has towed food and the packing industry hind leg to a certain extent. Although overall development quick, but food packing mechanical industrial development is quicker.
the goal is must reduce this space, catches up with the world advanced level for the food industry, for causes the packing great nation to make great strides forward to the packing powerful nation, provides the advanced technical equip, lets import the equipment the role which only plays in the domestic market appropriates lost articles fills a vacancy. This request domestic food and the packing machinery year development speed surpasses 18%, the new product output value rate achieves 25%. On the international packing and food machinery development is take the big customer request as the goal, the impetus correlation machinery development. The big customer request mainly manifests in the below aspect: One, is higher well to the production efficiency request. This may reduce the product the cost, satisfies the date of delivery. The high speed packaging machine request must have the correlation engagement with the first working procedure, does not have to transport the link, including the control engagement, the entire production line must achieve the inverted order according to the production and the packing working procedure arrangement to start, smooth engine off. If Leng Guanzhuang the production line makes something a matter of political line automatically from the plastic raw material to the drink fills installs, the big packing piles buttress completely automatically in seals up in the workshop to carry on. Two, may adapt the product renewal change. The packing machinery must have the very high flexibility and the flexibility, the production line permission the packing material size may change in certain size scope. Because product life cycle far short in useful life of equipment, change product and packing not as for replacement expensive packing production line. Three is the equipment common breakdown rapid elimination. The solution inputs the computer in advance, when the equipment appears the common breakdown may diagnose voluntarily, also may implement the long-distance diagnosis to eliminate the breakdown abreast in row. Four, the request has the automatic diagnosis function. On the one hand may automatic diagnosis packing material thickness, degree of hardness, the counter-tension and so on, feed back through the computer to the manipulator adjusts the movement scope, does not guarantee the resilience. On the other hand, each different product, like shape each different chocolate or the dessert and so on, install to the identical box in, its arrangement is orderly. The production line transmits the product is a disorder, the available probe head scanning, determined the different shape the material position, feeds back again to the different manipulator, it can accurately unmistakably puts in the goods according to the accurate position and the direction in the tray, moreover, removes the manual control quickly the vision and finger weariness. Five, may reduce the environmental pollution as far as possible. The reduction including the noise, the dust pollution, and reduces the reject as far as possible, this point especially is important in the food processing process. Food raw material when processing not only harvests the main product, like corn processing, product besides corn starch, but also has the corn oil, the salad oil, the margarine, the glucose, the corn protein and the feed, as well as the sewage treatment and so on produces the entire process, is the automation. Does not have the reject, not to pollute, other product value has surpassed the corn starch greatly the value.
Along with the science and technology development and the market competition aggravating, the customer demand more and more is also high. This kind of demand manifests in following several aspects: One, enhances the production efficiency, satisfies the date of delivery and reduces the production cost the need, to some products, but also requests the packing machinery and the production machinery links up; Two, is meets the product renewal change need, the packing machinery must have the high flexibility and the flexibility; Three is when the equipment appears the breakdown, the request can carry on the long-distance diagnosis service; Four, favors the environmental protection, the noise, the dust and the reject are few; Five is the equipment purchase investment are as far as possible few, the price must be as far as possible low. Therefore, must certainly in the market investigation and study foundation, the full understanding, analyze the user earnestly the demand, the definite packaging machine should complete the function and each technical specification, draw up the preliminary principle design proposal.
The modern packaging machine design process should include: The market investigation and study, the user demand analysis, the packaging machine function determination, the feasible proof, the formulation design proposal, the user benefit analysis, the plan feasible proof, the schematic diagram design, the structural design, the construction drawing design, the prototypical manufacture (hypothesized manufacture), the technical confirmation and the construction drawing revise, the formulation post-sale service predetermined plan and the long-distance diagnosis plan, the improvement design, the serialized design and so on. .
The market investigation and study is the foundation work which all packaging machines design. Without the market investigation and study, we do all design work all possibly is equal to the zero. The market investigation and study, may according to the policy guidance, the profession supply and demand information, the expert analyze, the profession unfolds clues and so on meeting, technical meeting, found the user the demand information, after and reorganizes the analysis, the definite packaging machine should complete function. In the principle project design process, first must understand fully the related information product, the electronic products function, understood the air operated part the performance, and uses to simplify the mechanical drive system, but also may use the multi-electrical machinery dragging to reduce the mechanical transmission chain. Regarding the essential mechanical drive system, should make the best the modernized design method, in to product functional analysis foundation in, through innovation idea, system modelling, mechanical analysis, dynamic optimization, thus obtains the best design proposal. The technical design is the principle design structurization, definite spare part quantity, the shape, the size, the material and so on, the essential components carry on the power computation, the power computation, the strength calculation, the rigidity computation to the major component in.
When system design, must consider the entire packaging machine system comprehensively the layout, the movement coordination, the modelling design, the human - machine environment as well as the packing transportation and so on. The modular design is one advanced design method, its core thought is divides into systematically according to the function certain modules, the identical function unit designs the packaging machine in has the module which the different performance, may exchange, through the module different combination, causes the packaging machine multi-purpose, the seriation. Uses this method the merit is: (1) makes the packaging machine renewal speed to speed up. Because of the new type substitution, often is the partial improvement. The vanguard technology introduction corresponding module, compared with easy to realize the partial improvement; (2) reduction design cycle. After the user proposed the request, only must replace the module, or the design manufacture partial modules, then obtain the new type, meets the user need; (3) reduces the cost, is advantageous for the service; (4) performance stable reliable. Because time module design, to the packaging machine function division and the module design, has conducted the careful research, has guaranteed the module performance, for example: Cam gear, servo, examination system, transmission system, control system, measurement organization, yummy treats organization and so on. .
Other packing machinery seriation, modular profession standard, also arrived should formulate, the packing machinery has become our country one of ten big mechanical professions, but serialized, the modular profession standard formulation will certainly to promote our country to pack on the mechanical profession cross new stair.The significant difference is that packaging plays a different role in a market where rice will sell solely because it is available. In the North American market, the consumer may be confronted by five different companies offering rice in 30 or so variations. If all the rice is good and none is inferior, how does a seller create a preference for his particular rice? How does he differentiate? The package plays a large role in this process.The package-intensive developed countries are sometimes criticized for over packaging, and certainly over-packaging does exist. However, North Americans also enjoy the world’s cheapest food, requiring only about 11 to 14% of our disposable income. European food costs are about 20% of disposable income, and in the less-developed countries food can take 95% of family income.