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1、EnglishAroundtheWorld學(xué)案Step1Words1.nativeadj.外鄉(xiāng)的,本國(guó)的,土生的(+to)ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.年夜熊貓是中國(guó)特有的植物。ShewasnativetoTaipei.她客籍臺(tái)北。n.當(dāng)?shù)厝?本國(guó)人Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?你是當(dāng)?shù)厝?，或許只是旅客?2.basen根底，基地，基部ThecompanyhasitsbaseinNewYorkandbranchofficesallovertheworld公司總部設(shè)在紐約，分支遍及全天下。vt.以為依照【搭配】baseon把樹(shù)破在上，
2、以為依照bebasedon依照，樹(shù)破在上Alicealwaysbasesheropinionsonthefacts愛(ài)麗絲的不雅念老是樹(shù)破在現(xiàn)實(shí)的根底之上。，Herconclusionisbasedonscientificresearch她的論斷是樹(shù)破在迷信研討的根底上的?！窘?jīng)典例題】Thefilmwasmade_theWorldWarII.A.baseonB.basedonC.baseinD.basedin【謎底】B3latteradj較后的，前面的，(兩者中)后者的Ifindithardtounderstandthelatterpartofhislecture我發(fā)覺(jué)他的講座前面局部非常難了解
3、。Didhewalkorswimacrosstheriver?Thelatterseemsunlikely他是趟過(guò)河，依然游過(guò)河?后者年夜概不克不及夠?！颈嫖觥縧ate，later,latter,lately1)late是描述詞，表現(xiàn)“遲到的，晚的。如：Youarelateagain!你又遲到了。2)later可作描述詞，是late的比擬級(jí)，意為“更遲的，更后的；也可作副詞，意為“稍后，隨后，常與on連用。如：Wewilldiscussthisindetailinalaterchapter.咱們將在以后的一章中對(duì)這一點(diǎn)作具體的討論。Illtellyoulater.我以后再通知你。3)latte
4、r最常用的含意是“兩者中的(后者)，常與the連用，牢固搭配“theformer，thelatter。如：HereareTomandDavid;thelatterismybrother.這是湯姆跟戴維;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副詞，意為“邇來(lái)，近來(lái)。如：HaveyoubeentoBeijinglately?你近來(lái)去過(guò)北京嗎?【經(jīng)典例題】Didhegotherebybikeoronfoot?The_seemsunlikely.AlatterBlateClaterDlately【謎底】A4.request1)n.懇求，請(qǐng)求的情況Theymadeanurgentrequestforhelp
5、afterthebigsnowstorm狂風(fēng)雪當(dāng)時(shí)他們懇求緊迫支援。【搭配】atonesrequest=attherequestofsb應(yīng)或人的請(qǐng)求TheteachersanganEnglishsongattherequestofhisstudents那位教師應(yīng)老師們的請(qǐng)求唱了一首英文歌。makearequest(for)懇求Mr.PainemadearequestthatIshouldhelphim.佩恩老師請(qǐng)求我協(xié)助他。2)vt懇求，請(qǐng)求requestsbtodoIrequestedhimtocomebeforeten.我請(qǐng)求他十點(diǎn)往常來(lái)。Visitorsarerequestudnotto
6、takephotos不雅賞者被請(qǐng)求不克不及照相。request后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞本相，should能夠省略。此用法也實(shí)用于request作名詞接同位語(yǔ)從句，闡明請(qǐng)求的具體內(nèi)容。如：Herequestedthepolicethatthey(should)gothereatonce他懇求警員破刻趕去那兒。Thesecretarymadearequestthattheyshouldwaitoutside秘書(shū)請(qǐng)求他們?cè)诓惶幍却?。【?jīng)典例題】Visitors_nottotouchtheexhibits.AwillrequestBarerequestedCarerequ
7、estingDrequest【謎底】Bmandvt.1).命令O2+thatIcommandthathegoatonce.我命令他破刻就去。Icommandyoutostartatonce.我命令你破刻出發(fā)。2).批示,統(tǒng)率;操縱Hewastoldtocommandhistemper.有人叫他操縱性格。3).領(lǐng)有,控制n.1)命令CWhoissuedthecommandtofire?誰(shuí)命令開(kāi)槍的?2).操縱,操縱權(quán);批示,批示權(quán)UHehasahundredmenunderhiscommand.他批示一百團(tuán)體。3).控制;應(yīng)用才能UShehasagoodcommandofspokenEnglis
8、h.她的英語(yǔ)書(shū)面語(yǔ)非常純熟。6.recognizevt.1).認(rèn)出,識(shí)不;看法(+as)Thepolicemanrecognizedherasapickpocket.警員認(rèn)出她是個(gè)小偷。HelookedattheenvelopeandrecognizedJennyshandwritingimmediately.他看了看信封,破刻認(rèn)出是珍妮的字跡。2.)正式成認(rèn);承認(rèn),認(rèn)定(+as)Manycountriesrecognizedthenewgovernment.很多國(guó)度成認(rèn)了新當(dāng)局?！窘?jīng)典例題】Oh，itsyou，XiaoMing!I_youIvejusthadmyhaircutandImwea
9、ringnewglassesAdidntrecognizeBhaventnoticedChadntobservedDdontfind【謎底】AStep2Phraseseup走近，到來(lái)；被提出Whileweweretalking，astrangercameuptousandaskedforsomemoney咱們?cè)谂收剷r(shí)，一個(gè)生疏人走近咱們，向咱們要鈔票。Theproblemcameupatthemeetingyesterday那個(gè)咨詢(xún)題昨天在會(huì)上被提出來(lái)了。【易錯(cuò)】comeup表現(xiàn)“被提出時(shí)，自動(dòng)方式表現(xiàn)主動(dòng)含意，無(wú)需再應(yīng)用主動(dòng)方式?！惧谙搿颗ccome有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)comeabout發(fā)生，發(fā)作com
10、eout出書(shū)，comeupwith提出comeacross偶遇cometo合計(jì)；觸及；告竣【經(jīng)典例題】Canyouexplainhowit_thatyoumissedthemorningclasses?AcameaboutBcametoCcameupDcameacross【謎底】A2.atpresent如今，現(xiàn)在Motherisbusypreparingdinneratpresent媽媽如今正忙著做飯。Icantgetintouchwithhimatpresent我如今無(wú)奈跟他取得聯(lián)絡(luò)?！惧谙搿?)presentn禮品，如今；2)adj列席，在場(chǎng)，以后的，如今的present意為“列席，在場(chǎng)且
11、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于名詞、代詞之后；意為“以后的且作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于名詞之前。如：Theyaremakingacarefulstudyofthepresentsituationoftheworld他們正在細(xì)心研討以后的天下形勢(shì)。Everyonepresentatthemeetingwasstronglyagainstthedecision參與集會(huì)的每團(tuán)體都激烈支撐這項(xiàng)決議。3)vt.贈(zèng)予,呈獻(xiàn)(with)Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花4)presencen在場(chǎng)，列席Iwassurprisedbythepresenceofsomanypeople
12、atthemeeting.這么多人列席集會(huì)使我覺(jué)得受驚。【經(jīng)典例題】Allthepeople_atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important【謎底】A3.makeuseof應(yīng)用【用法】use前可用good，full，poor,little等詞潤(rùn)飾。如：Asastudent,youmustmakefulluseofyoursparetime作為老師，你必需充沛應(yīng)用課余時(shí)刻。-MakegooduseofeverychancetopractisespeakingEnglishandyours
13、pokenEnglishwillbebettersoon充沛應(yīng)用每一次訓(xùn)練說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)機(jī)，那么，你的英語(yǔ)書(shū)面語(yǔ)非常快就會(huì)變好?！惧谙搿颗cmake有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)Makefriendswith跟交冤家makefunof諷刺makeadecision作出決議makeaface/faces扮鬼臉makeprogressin在取得提高【經(jīng)典例題】Everyminutemustbemadefulluseof_spokenEnglish.AtopracticeBpracticingCpracticeDpractised【謎底】A4.suchas比方，諸如斯類(lèi)，像如斯的Ballgamessuchasbasketba
14、llandfootballareveryexciting球類(lèi)活動(dòng)，如籃球跟足球，都非常沖動(dòng)聽(tīng)心?！颈嫖觥縮uchas,forexample，thatis1)suchas用于羅列同類(lèi)人或事物中的假定干例子，但不克不及全體列出。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，suchasEnglishandFrench王老師通曉好多少門(mén)外語(yǔ)，比方英語(yǔ)跟法語(yǔ)。2)forexample普通只羅列多少類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，其地位可在句首、句中或句末，常常用逗號(hào)離開(kāi)。如：MrWangisgoodatseveralforeignlanguages，forexample，Engl
15、ish王老師通曉好多少門(mén)外語(yǔ)，比方英語(yǔ)。3thatis所羅列的數(shù)量同等于所提人或事物的總數(shù)，也需求用逗號(hào)離隔，如今不克不及用suchas或forexample。如：MrWangisgoodattwoforeignlanguages,thatis，EnglishandFrench.王老師通曉?xún)砷T(mén)外語(yǔ)，即英語(yǔ)跟法語(yǔ)。Onlyoneboystudentwonthefirstprizeinthemathscontest，thatis，Mike只要一名男生在數(shù)學(xué)比賽中取得一等獎(jiǎng)，確實(shí)是邁克?！窘?jīng)典例題】Manyfamoussingers,_WangFeiandSHE,haveactedinfilms.A
16、suchBforexampleCthatisDsuchas【謎底】D5.playapartin在中起感化，在中表演腳色Computerisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife電腦在咱們的一樣平常生涯中正起著越來(lái)越主要的感化。Shewasunhappybecausesheplayedasmallpartintheplay她不快樂(lè)是由于她在戲中表演一個(gè)小腳色?！惧谙搿颗cplayapartin意思一樣的短語(yǔ)有playarolein。【經(jīng)典例題】Theneweconomicdevelopmentzonewill_inthedevelopmento
17、fthearea.AplayaleadingpartBtakepartCplayleadingpartDtakeapart【謎底】A6.anumberof意思是“一些，假定干=some，后接可數(shù)名詞雙數(shù)或代詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用雙數(shù)方式。anumberof詞組中還能夠參與描述詞表現(xiàn)數(shù)量年夜或小等比方：alarge/smallnumberof很多/多數(shù)?！颈嫖觥縜numberof,thenumberofthenumberof意思是“的數(shù)字/數(shù)量，介詞of同厥后名詞形成介詞短語(yǔ)，潤(rùn)飾thenumber.當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用雙數(shù)。比方：Manypeopletookpartin10,000-metrera
18、ce,butonlyanumberofthemkeptonrunningtotheend.很多人參與了10000米跑，但只要一些人保持跑究竟。AnumberofmyfriendsthinkIshouldtakeaholiday.我的一些冤家以為我應(yīng)當(dāng)休假。Thenumberofstudentsisabouttwenty.老師人數(shù)年夜概是20人閣下?！窘?jīng)典例題】Anumberofpeople_beeninvitedtotheparty,buttheexactnumber_stillunknown.Ahas;isBhave;areChas;areDhave;is【謎底】DStep3Keysente
19、nces1Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglanmadevovagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat，Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries厥后，鄙人個(gè)世紀(jì)，英國(guó)人開(kāi)場(chǎng)帆海制服天下其余地域。很多不的國(guó)度因而而開(kāi)場(chǎng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(1)留意voyage是可數(shù)名詞，常跟make搭配形成makeavoyageto或makevoyagesto，表示“飛行到。雙數(shù)表現(xiàn)一次飛行。(2)初中學(xué)過(guò)because表現(xiàn)“由于，與becauseof的區(qū)不是：because是連詞，前
20、面要跟句子，多作緣故狀語(yǔ)從句；becauseof中of是介詞，前面只能跟名詞或代詞或ving作賓語(yǔ)。試比擬：Becauseitwasrainingoutside，westayedathome=Becauseoftherainoutside,westayedathome由于不處下著雨，因而咱們就呆在家里。【經(jīng)典例題】Wemustnotloseheartonly_thedifficultywearefacedwith.AbecauseBbecauseofCsinceDas【謎底】B2.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydont
21、speakthesamekindofEnglish.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即便他們所講的言語(yǔ)不盡一樣，也能夠互相了解。句中“eveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish是退讓狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Theywillstandbyyouevenifthoughyoudontsucceed即便你不勝利，他們也將支撐你。evenif是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)退讓狀語(yǔ)從句，含意是“即便；雖然。當(dāng)退讓狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用普通如今時(shí)表現(xiàn)今后的假定或普通的行動(dòng)適應(yīng)時(shí)，平日用evenif或eventhough。兩者意思一樣，用法也一樣?！窘?jīng)典例題】_Ifailthistime,Iwouldtrya
22、gain.AIfonlyBEvenifCwhetherDAsif【謎底】B3Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish信不信由你，不規(guī)范英語(yǔ)如斯的貨色。1)believeitornot意為“信不信由你，常在句中作拔出語(yǔ)。如：Believeitornot，Johnwillgoabroadforfurtherstudynextmonth信不信由你，約翰下個(gè)月就要出國(guó)進(jìn)修了。【遐想進(jìn)修】罕見(jiàn)的拔出語(yǔ)有：1)totellyouthetruth假話(huà)通知你Totellyouthetruth，IllspendmysummervacationinYun
23、nan假話(huà)通知你吧，我將在云南渡過(guò)寒假。2)generallyspeaking普通說(shuō)來(lái)Generallyspeaking，languagelearningneedsalotofpractice普通說(shuō)來(lái)，言語(yǔ)的進(jìn)修需求少量的理論。3)youknowyousee你明白Yousee，mycarbrokedownontheway你明白，我的車(chē)在途中壞了。4)Ithink我以為Hiscoat，Ithink，isreallystrange他的外衣，我以為，真實(shí)乖僻?！窘?jīng)典例題】Itissonicetohearfromher._,welastmetmorethan30yearsago.AWhatsmoreB
24、ThatstosayCInotherwordsDBelieveitornot【謎底】D(2)nosuchthing意為“不如斯的情況。such與no,any,all,some,another,one，many，afew,alittle等詞連用時(shí)，常置于這些詞之后。如：Thereisnosuchpersoninourschool咱們黌舍不如斯的人。Ihavemetmanysuchpeople我碰見(jiàn)過(guò)很多如斯的人?！窘?jīng)典例題】Wehave_bookyouarelookingfor.AsuchnoBnosuchCnotsuchDnosucha【謎底】B4TheUSAisalargecountryin
25、whichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken美國(guó)事一個(gè)應(yīng)用多種方言的年夜國(guó)。inwhich領(lǐng)導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句潤(rùn)飾先行詞country，關(guān)聯(lián)代詞which作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，inwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作所在狀語(yǔ)，可用where替代。如：Thefactoryinwhichheonceworkedhasbeendoseddown他已經(jīng)任務(wù)過(guò)的工場(chǎng)已被封閉。在“介詞+關(guān)聯(lián)代詞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，應(yīng)依照句意與搭配的需求選擇準(zhǔn)確的介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞。如：Hestudiesintheschoolatthebackofwhichthereisariver.他在面前有條河道的那所黌舍進(jìn)修。Canyo
26、useethenewbuildingonthetopofwhichfliesaredflag?你能瞥見(jiàn)到那座樓頂飄著一面紅旗的新年夜樓嗎?【經(jīng)典例題】Thepen_heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich【謎底】AThisisthereason_hedidntcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich【謎底】D5.Well，goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside-straightonandcrosstwostreets哦，在拐角
27、處向左拐，照直向前走。穿過(guò)兩條街道。straightadv直截了當(dāng)；挺直adj直的；蜿蜒的；耿直的Gostraightdowntheroadandthenturnleft沿著這條路不斷走，而后左轉(zhuǎn)。Hewenttobedstraightaftersupper他晚飯后直截了當(dāng)去睡了。Hisfriendisatallslimgirlwithastraightnose他的冤家是位鼻子挺直、身體高而修長(zhǎng)的小姐。Asyouknow，hisuncleisastraightman如你所知，他的叔叔是一個(gè)耿直的人?！窘?jīng)典例題】-Lucydoesnthavecurlyhair.-Yes,wecansaysheh
28、as_hair.AniceBblondeCshortDstraight【謎底】DStep4Grammar直截了當(dāng)引語(yǔ)跟直接引語(yǔ)(II)直截了當(dāng)引語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)懇求、命令、發(fā)起時(shí)，變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)看似復(fù)雜，但應(yīng)用起來(lái)要視句義、功用與談話(huà)者的語(yǔ)氣、立場(chǎng)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。進(jìn)修時(shí)，應(yīng)側(cè)重留意以下多少個(gè)方面：1直截了當(dāng)引語(yǔ)為祈使句，假定表白懇求、命令、請(qǐng)求、告訴、鼓舞等意思，在變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)時(shí)，平日將祈使句的動(dòng)詞本相釀成動(dòng)詞不定式，并視句意在動(dòng)詞不定式前加上asktellorder,advise，invite，warn，beg，offer,encourage等動(dòng)詞，祈使句中的please在直接引語(yǔ)中不再呈現(xiàn)。如：“Pl
29、easespeakEnglishinclass，theteachersaidtousTheteacheraskedustospeakEnglishinclass“Becarefulwithstrangers,MrBrownsaidtoherMrBrownwarnedhertobecarefulwithstrangers“MrsSmith，letmecarrytheheavyboxforyou，saidMikeMikeofferedtocarrytheheavyboxforMrsSmith假定祈使句為否認(rèn)式，改為直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)將dont改為notto或neverto。如：“Dontforgetto
30、turnoffthelight，MothersaidtoTomMotheraskedTomnottoforgettoturnoffthelight2假如直截了當(dāng)引語(yǔ)是表現(xiàn)勸說(shuō)、倡議的祈使句或疑咨詢(xún)句，變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)時(shí)，能夠用suggestdoing或suggestthat構(gòu)造。如：WangPingsaid，“Letstakeawalkaftersupper.Pingsuggestedtakingawalkaftersupper或：WangPingsuggestedthatweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper“Shallwelistentothemusic?hesaidtome
31、.Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic或：Hesuggestedthatweshouldlistentothemusic3假如直截了當(dāng)引語(yǔ)是表現(xiàn)懇求的疑咨詢(xún)句，變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)時(shí)，平日用“askadvise+sb+不定式構(gòu)造。如：“Willyouhelpmewithmylessons?MarysaidtoJaneMaryaskedJanetohelpherwithherlessons“Wouldyoumindmovingoverabit?shesaidtomeSheaskedmetomoveoverabit“WhydontyouaskMrWangforhelp?hesaid
32、toJackHeadvisedJacktoaskMrWangforhelp或：HesuggestedJacksaskingMrWangforhelp然而：“Willyoubefreethisaftemoon?shesaid不克不及用上述構(gòu)造，由于該咨詢(xún)句不具有懇求的功用，應(yīng)依照咱們?cè)赨nit1中進(jìn)修到的規(guī)那么變更。4最初咱們復(fù)雜進(jìn)修一下感慨句變直接引語(yǔ)的辦法。由what或how領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感慨句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用what或how領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也能夠用that領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。如：Whatabeautifuldressitis!shesaidShesaidwhatabeautifuldressitwas或：Shesaidthatitwasabeautifuldress
English Around the World學(xué)案
