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1、專題十二 句子種類
I、重點難點解析
自2007年廣東省高考使用新題型后,有了用5個句子表達全部意思的“基礎(chǔ)寫作”??忌鷮渥臃N類相關(guān)知識的掌握顯得尤為重要。
一、 句子種類:
分類
句子種類
例句
按使用目的
陳述句
肯定句
He is six years old.
否定句
She didn’t hear of you before.
疑問句
一般
Do they like skating?
特殊
How old is he?
選擇
Is he six or seven years old?
反意
Mary can swim, can’t
2、 she?
祈使句
Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class
感嘆句
How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!
按結(jié)構(gòu)
簡單句
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
并列句(由并列連詞and, but, or等或分號把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起)
You help him and he helps you.
The food was good, but he had li
3、ttle appetite.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
復合句(含有一個或以上從句)
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
二、簡單句的五種基本句型
句型
例句
1、主語+系動詞+表語
He is a student.
2、主語+不及物動詞
We work.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語
Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+
4、雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)
My father bought me a car.
5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語(賓語+賓補)
Tom made the baby laugh.
三、并列句
分類
常用并列連詞
例句
聯(lián)合并列句
and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
轉(zhuǎn)折并列句
but, still, however, yet, while, when等
He was a little man
5、with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
選擇并列句
or, either…or…, otherwise等
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
因果并列句
so, for, therefore等
It was late, so we went home.
四、感嘆句
1、感嘆句用法:表示說話人的強烈的感情。
講解
句型
例句
What
What引導的感嘆句的中心詞是名詞
What+(a /
6、 an)+形容詞+名詞+(主語+謂語)!
1)What a cold day (it is)! 今天天氣真冷??!
2)What an old house (it is)! 這間房子真老??!
3)What nice air (it is)! 空氣真好??!
How
How引導的感嘆句的中心詞是形容詞或副詞。
How+形容詞/副詞+(主語+謂語)!
6)How cold(it is )today! 今天天氣真冷啊!
7)How happy (the children are)! 孩子們真愉快?。?
8)How hard(the student works)! 這個學生學習多努力??!
7、
2、注意點:在復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前不可用 “how+形容詞” 構(gòu)成感嘆句,而應用 “what+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”。也就是說how +形容詞可置于帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)名詞之前構(gòu)成感嘆句。
1) What great changes we have had these years! 這些年我們的變化真大呀!
不可說成How great changes we have had these years!
2) What good news it is! 多么好的消息呀!
不可說成How good news it is!
8、五、祈使句
表示請求或命令的句子是祈使句。謂語動詞無時態(tài)及數(shù)的詞形變化,及動詞原形同形。祈使句一般用降調(diào),為使祈使句聽起來比較婉轉(zhuǎn),可用低升調(diào),祈使句句末用句號或感嘆號。
一、祈使句有兩種類型:含有第二人稱和帶有第一、三人稱主語的祈使句。每種類型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用don't:否定時,只能用其縮略式。
1
含有第二人稱的祈使句
Be sure to come on time.請務(wù)必按時來。
Don't ever do that again.請不要做那事了。
2
帶有第一、三人稱主語的祈使句(通常以let為引導詞)
Let's have a res
9、t. 咱們休息一會兒。
Let us try again. 讓我們再試試。
Don't let's open the window. 咱們別開窗戶了。(非正式)
3
其他形式的祈使句
1) 以no開始的禁止性祈使句:
No entry.禁止入內(nèi)。 No parking.禁止停車。
No smoking.禁止抽煙。
2) 固定短語
Out with it 說出來吧。 Faster.快點。
Beg pardon.請原諒。
二、注意點:
1)第二人稱主語通常不表示出來,有時為了強調(diào)指明向誰提出要求或發(fā)出命令,主語也可表示,這時主語需重讀:
2)第一人
10、稱祈使句可在1et前面加do,表示強調(diào),第三人稱祈使句不可:
Do let me have another try. 請務(wù)必讓我再試試。
注意以下兩句的區(qū)別:
Don't let the children make much noise.不要讓孩子發(fā)出大的噪聲。.
Let the children not make much noise.讓孩子不要發(fā)出大的噪聲。
3)為了使祈使句聽起來比較客氣,婉轉(zhuǎn),除了用低聲調(diào)外,還可用下列方法:
a.加please
Please give me a hand.請幫一下忙。
Lend
11、me your dictionary,please. 請把字典借給我使一下。
b. .加will you
Read the text,will you? 讀一下課文好嗎?
Come in and sit down,will you? 進來坐下,好嗎?
c.please和will you同時運用
Be careful,please,will you? 小心些,行嗎? :
d.用would you則更加客氣
Shut the window,would you? 關(guān)上窗戶,行嗎?
e, 加won't you,can'
12、t you,why don't you:
Turn down the radio,won't you? 關(guān)閉收音機,好嗎?
Take it away,can't you? 拿走,不行嗎?
Be patient,why don't you? 耐心點,難道不行嗎?
六、反意疑問句
構(gòu)成:陳述句 + 簡略問句
肯定 否定
否定 肯定
簡略問句的主語及陳述句保持一致,只能用人稱代詞(there除外),簡略問句的謂語動詞也及陳述句保持一致,如果是否定,一定要用簡寫。如:
13、
Jim isn't a student, is he?/There are some books in it, aren't there?
解說
例句
1
陳述部分I'm...結(jié)構(gòu),疑問部分一般用aren't I,
I'm late, aren't I ?
2
陳述句中有l(wèi)ittle, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等詞表示否定時,簡略問句用肯定。
3
陳述句中有指物的不定代詞nothing, something, anything時,簡短問句中用代詞it,陳述句中有指人的不定代詞everyone
14、, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody時,簡短問句中用代詞he或they,
Everyone is here, aren't they/isn’t he?
4
陳述句的主語是指示代詞this, that等時,疑問部分的主語在形式上及前者不同,但在邏輯上卻及前者一致
This is very important, isn't it?
55
陳述部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+賓語從句”時,疑問部分中的動詞和主語應及賓語從句中的主語和動詞保持一致
I don't believ
15、e she knows it, does she?
66
含有情態(tài)動詞must的句子表示猜測時,疑問部分及must后面部分一致,不能用mustn't,如:You must be tired, aren't you?當must表示“有必要”時,疑問部分用needn't,如:You must go home right now, needn't you? 當mustn't表示禁止時,疑問部分一般用must
You mustn't walk on grass, must you?
77
祈使句的反意疑問句肯定祈使句+will you/won't you?否定祈使句+will you?
L
16、et's...+shall we?(包括對方)
Let us...+will you?(不包括對方)
88
感嘆句的反意疑問句一律用否定式,并用be的一般現(xiàn)在時
What a lovely girl, isn't she ?
99
前面否定后面肯定的反意疑問句在回答時,需根據(jù)其實際情況,實際情況是肯定的,則用Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu),實際情況是否定的,則用No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)
—You can't speak English, can you?—Yes, I can(不,我會的).
110
關(guān)于“'d better ”,“'d rather”和“'s”
He’d like a cu
17、p of tea, wouldn’t he?
You’d better go now, hadn’t you?
He’s never late for school, is he? He’s never been there, has he?
七、復合句:
復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個次要成分,不能獨立成為一個句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導,并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句按其在復合句中的作用,分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語、定語從句和狀語從句等。(見專題講解)
II、實戰(zhàn)演練
1. 完成下列反意疑問句
1
18、. Catherine is a girl's name, _________?
2. I am a teacher, ______?
3. There's little water in the glass, _________?
4. Don't take the book out of the library, _________?
5. He'll never forget it, _________?
6. Let's have a rest, _________?
7. I think Kate speaks English well, _________?
8. T
19、hat boy must be Tom, _________?
2. 填連詞完成下面的感嘆句 (根據(jù)需要可以加上a 或 an)
1. __________ nice music it is !
2. __________ that boy missed his mother!
3. __________ great fun it is to hike !
4 __________ beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!
5. __________ good the soup tastes !
6. __
20、________ useful subject Chinese is!
7. __________ bad weather it is today!
8. __________ happy life we're living today !
9. ________ lovely deer they are!
10. __________ bad cold you've got !
3、翻譯下面的句子
1)請務(wù)必按時來。
2)請不要做那事了。
3)請你安靜一會兒。
4)讓我告訴你答案吧。
5) 不要讓任何人打擾你。
6) 請務(wù)必讓我再試試。
7)不要讓孩子發(fā)出大的噪聲。.